Detection and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Teschoviruses in India: Identification of New Genotypes.

Porcine Teschoviruses (PTVs) are ubiquitous enteric viral pathogens that infect pigs and wild boars worldwide. PTVs have been responsible for causing the severe clinical disease (Teschen disease) to asymptomatic infections. However, to date, limited information is available on large-scale epidemiological data and molecular characterization of PTVs in several countries.

Revolutionizing Veterinary Health with Viral Vector-Based Vaccines.

Vaccines signify one of the economical and reasonable means to prevent and eradicate the important infectious diseases. Conventional vaccines like live attenuated and inactivated vaccines comprise of whole pathogen either in attenuated or killed form. While, new generation vaccines have been designed to elicit immune response by genetically modifying only the nucleic acid portion of that pathogen.

Pathological, immunological and molecular epidemiological analysis of lumpy skin disease virus in Indian cattle during a high-mortality epidemic.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically significant, emerging viral disease of Cattle and Buffaloes. This study aimed to investigate the causes of high mortality in a recent LSD epidemic in India. We examined 1618 animals across seventy outbreaks and conducted post-mortem on 48 cattle out of 513 clinically suspected LSD cases.

Immuno-pathogenesis study of local infectious bronchitis virus G1-1 lineage variant showed altered tissue tropism in experimental broiler chickens.

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute contagious disease of poultry caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). This study investigated the immunopathogenesis and tissue tropism of an Indian IBV field isolate (IBV/Chicken/India/IVRI/Rajasthan/01/2023) in experimental broiler chickens. This isolate belongs to the G1-1 lineage and is closely associated with the Mass genotype.

ELISA-based detection of fresh and frozen-thawed lamb meat: a promising analytical approach for meat authentication.

Fresh/chilled meat differs in quality from frozen-thawed meat, and consumers prefer fresh meat over frozen-thawed meat. Differentiating between the two types of meat is an important part of the meat quality control system. This study aimed to develop an ELISA based on cytoplasmic antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a biomarker.

Genetic trans-complementation of L-protease fails to rescue the infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus from the Lb defective genome.

Outbreaks of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) have major economic impact on the global livestock industry by affecting the animal health and product safety. L-protease, a non-structural protein of FMDV, is a papain-like cysteine proteinase involved in viral protein processing as well as cleavage of host proteins for promoting the virus growth. FMDV synthesizes two forms of leader proteinase, L (Lab and Lb), where the deletion of Lab is lethal and Lb deletion is reported to be attenuated.

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: Reactivity against Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants.

The cross-species transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection has necessitated development of specific reagents for detecting infection in various animal species. The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, which is involved in viral entry, is a highly immunogenic protein. To develop assays targeting this protein, we generated eight monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the S1 and seven against the S1/S2 protein (ectodomain) of SARS CoV-2.

First Report on Detection and Molecular Characterization of Astroviruses in Mongooses.

Applying a pan-astrovirus (AstV) RT-hemi-nested PCR assay, we report here high detection rates (28.3%, 15/53) of AstVs in the small Indian mongoose () on the Caribbean Island of St. Kitts.

Insights from homozygous signatures of cervus nippon revealed genetic architecture for components of fitness.

This study investigates the genomic landscape of Sika deer populations, emphasizing the detection and characterization of runs of homozygosity (ROH) and their contribution towards components of fitness. Using 85,001 high-confidence SNPs, the investigation into ROH distribution unveiled nuanced patterns of autozygosity across individuals especially in 2 out of the 8 farms, exhibiting elevated ROH levels and mean genome coverage under ROH segments. The prevalence of shorter ROH segments (0.

Dietary concoction of formic acid and thymol and its effects on zoo-technical performance, immunity, jejunal architecture and gut health in Turkey.

With increasing demand for improved protein-rich food, diverse poultry birds like turkey are gaining popularity in India. However, with the rising concerns of antibiotic residues and drug resistance, safe alternatives like formic acid (FA) and thymol (TH) have attracted the attention of researchers as effective replacer of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). This experiment investigated the effects of combinations of FA and TH on growth performance, immunity, gut microflora and jejunal microstructures in turkey.

Molecular identification and genetic variability of equine and bovine ocular setariasis in india: molecular profiling by mitochondrial genes.

Background: Ocular setariasis is an ectopic infection caused by a parasite under the genus Setaria. Adult worms belong to the Setariidae family and typically reside in the peritoneal cavity of ungulates. However, immature forms of these species may aberrantly migrate to the eyes of cattle, buffalo, goats, horses and several other hosts, leading to corneal opacity and blindness.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Could be a Priority Pathogen to Cause Public Health Emergency: Noticeable Features and Counteractive Measures.

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by a specific strain of the 6 types of human coronaviruses (HCoV). MERS-CoV has spread unchecked since it was first discovered in Saudi Arabia in 2012. The virus most likely spreads through nosocomial and zoonotic channels.

Distribution of maedi-visna virus in different organs of the spontaneously affected small ruminants in India.

Background: Maedi-visna (MV) is a small ruminant lentiviral (SRLV) disease affecting sheep and goats, and causes pathological alterations in various organs including lungs, pulmonary lymph nodes, mammary glands, joints, and CNS. Present study was focused to detect the MV virus (MVV) nucleic acid and MVV p28 antigen in different organs of the spontaneously MVV affected sheep and goats.

Methods: Total of 657 samples were collected from sheep and goats (169 blood, 136 lungs, 96 pulmonary lymph nodes, 74 brain, 54 mammary gland, 78 joints, and 50 spleen) and screened for MVV nucleic acid using nested PCR assay.

Dietary mung bean as promising food for human health: gut microbiota modulation and insight into factors, regulation, mechanisms and therapeutics-an update.

Plant-based functional foods have gained wider attention in current scenario with mung bean harboring several bioactive compounds with promising gut health benefits and pharmacological importance. Consumption of mung bean has a positive impact on beneficial gut microbes and microbial metabolite production. The effects of dietary mung bean on gut microbial homeostasis and the management of gut-related diseases along with the possible mechanism of action, have been highlighted through this review paving a way for a promising role of dietary mung bean as a functional food in the management of gut-related diseases for example mung bean peptides can help not only in treating prediabetes but also delaying the aging process by targeting the intestinal microflora.

Diagnostic and prophylactic potential of a stabilized foot-and-mouth disease serotype Asia1 virus like particles designed through a structure guided approach.

Intact capsids of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) play a vital role in eliciting a protective immune response. Any change in the physico-chemical environment of the capsids results in dissociation and poor immunogenicity. Structural bioinfomatics studies have been carried out to predict the amino acids at the interpentameric region that resulted in the identification of mutant virus-like particles(VLPs) of FMDV serotype Asia1/IND/63/1972.

Development of classical swine fever virus E2-protein based indirect ELISA for detection of antibodies against the virus in pigs.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically important and highly contagious disease of pigs caused by CSF virus, genus Pestivirus. Serological diagnosis of the disease is highly valuable for surveillance and thereby containment of spread of the disease. In this study, we have demonstrated the development of CSFV envelope glycoprotein E2-based indirect ELISA (E2-iELISA) for the detection of CSFV specific antibodies.