Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Cap Gene of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Confers Protection in Mice and Induced Long-Lasting Neutralizing Antibodies in Pigs.

: Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection poses significant health and economic challenges to the global swine industry. The disease in pigs leads to lymphoid depletion, resulting in immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to co-infections with other bacterial and viral pathogens. This study evaluated the efficacy of two novel recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain R2B vectored vaccines that express the cap gene of PCV2 alone and along with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail (TMCT) domains of the NDV F gene.

Climate Resilience in Farm Animals: Transcriptomics-Based Alterations in Differentially Expressed Genes and Stress Pathways.

The livestock sector, essential for maintaining food supply and security, encounters numerous obstacles as a result of climate change. Rising global populations exacerbate competition for natural resources, affecting feed quality and availability, heightening livestock disease risks, increasing heat stress, and contributing to biodiversity loss. Although various management and dietary interventions exist to alleviate these impacts, they often offer only short-lived solutions.

Computational studies on metabolic pathways of Coxiella burnetii to combat Q fever: A roadmap to vaccine development.

Coxiella burnetii (Cbu) is the gram-negative intracellular pathogen responsible for deadly zoonotic infection, Q fever. The pathogen is environmentally stable and distributed throughout the world which is sustained in nature by chronic infection of ruminants. The epidemiological studies on Q fever indicates it as emerging public health problem in various countries and it is imperative to promptly identify an appropriate therapeutic solution for this pathogen.

Impact of antral follicle count on follicular-luteal characteristics, superovulatory response, and embryo quality in Sahiwal cows.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of antral follicle count (AFC) on follicular and luteal development during the estrous cycle and superovulatory period, as well as on superovulatory response and embryo quality within the MOET program. A total of 48 estrus-induced (500 μg PGF2α, Single dose, IM) Sahiwal cows () with a BCS between 3.5 and 4.

Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in goats: Insights from transcriptome and Gene Co-expression analysis.

Climate change poses a significant threat to the sustainability of livestock production systems in developing countries, particularly impacting small ruminants like goats, which are highly susceptible to heat stress. This stressor not only reduces productivity but also undermines economic viability. This study aimed to delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress tolerance in goats by conducting a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of heat-tolerant (HT, n = 4) and heat-susceptible (HS, n = 6) Jamunapari goats.

Deletion of both anaerobic regulator genes fnr and narL compromises the colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium in mice model.

Salmonella Typhimurium (STM), a zoonotic pathogen, can adjust its metabolic pathway according to the variations in the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen and nitrate via fumarate nitrate reductase regulator (Fnr) and NarL, the response regulator for nitrate reductase. Both Fnr and NarL have been individually reported to be the contributors of virulent phenotypes of STM. Hypoxia along with nitrate-rich environment are prevalent in macrophages and the Salmonella-induced inflammatory lumen of the host's large intestine activates both fnr and narL genes.

The interplay between external residue addition, and soil organic carbon dynamics and mineralization kinetics: Experiences from a 12-year old conservation agriculture.

Maintaining soil carbon is vital under changing climate. Conservation agriculture (CA) is reported to have potential to store soil organic carbon (SOC). The impact of carbon inputs on SOC dynamics and mineralization kinetics, and the priming effect of residue addition under long-term CA in subtropical regions, however, are not clear or adequately evaluated.

Morpho-molecular evaluation for developmental competence of oocytes retrieved through transvaginal ovum pick-up from FSH-stimulated Tharparkar donor cows ().

The study was conducted on indigenous Tharparkar cow () to evaluate FSH stimulation on follicular attributes, oocyte recovery and morpho-molecular developmental competence parameters concerning oocyte quality. A total of 20 OPU sessions were performed, which included 10 sessions in each FSH stimulated at the dose of 130 µg divided into four sub-doses and non-stimulated. Findings on the size of follicles having ≥6 mm showed a significantly higher, however an opposite trend was observed in the case of smaller sized follicle (<6 mm) between stimulated and non-stimulated respectively.

Evaluating the efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus derived postbiotics on growth metrics, Health, and Gut Integrity in broiler chickens.

Continuous use of antibiotics in poultry feed as growth promoters poses a grave threat to humanity through the emergence of antibiotic resistance, necessitating the exploration of novel and sustainable alternatives. The present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus acidophilus in broiler birds. The postbiotics were harvested by culturing probiotic bacteria from the stock cultures at the required temperature and duration under laboratory conditions and supplemented to broilers via feed.

Exploring genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in strains of human and animal origin from India.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in , the causative agent of brucellosis, is of growing concern, particularly in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore the genetic basis of AMR in strains from India.

Methods: Twenty-four isolates from humans and animals were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing.

Challenges in diagnosing bovine tuberculosis through surveillance and characterization of Mycobacterium species in slaughtered cattle in Kolkata.

Background: Tuberculosis in cattle is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species. Apart from MTBC, different Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) species have also been isolated from cattle. The presence of NTM infection in bovines makes the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) a cumbersome task.

Transcriptome profiling of Canine Parvovirus 2 Nonstructural gene 1(CPV2.NS1) transfected 4T1 mice mammary tumor cells to elucidate its oncolytic effects.

Oncolytic viral gene therapy is a directed approach to target cancer cells without affecting healthy cells of the body. Canine parvovirus (CPV2) is an oncolytic virus that precisely targets and destroys neoplastic cells by causing DNA damage, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Non-structural gene 1 (NS1) of CPV, concerned with viral DNA replication is a key mediator of cytotoxicity of CPV and can specifically cause tumor cell lysis.

Intelligent modelling of sugarcane juice quality characteristics based on microfluidization processing conditions.

Unlabelled: This investigation employed different ANN infrastructures for predicting the quality of sugarcane juice under varying microfluidization pressures (50-200 MPa) and cycles (1-7) which was previously unexplored. Two hidden layer (HL) activation functions (tansigmoid, logsigmoid) and learning algorithms (LM, GDX) with varying hidden layer neurons (HLNs) were tested to predict the color, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, chlorophyll content, total and reducing sugars, polyphenol oxidase activity, peroxidase activity, sucrose neutral invertase activity, aerobic plate count, yeast and mold count, particle size, sensory score and sedimentation rate of sugarcane juice under different microfluidization processing conditions. Results showed that the combination of LM + logsigmoid, GDX + logsigmoid and GDX + tansigmoid produced > 90% prediction accuracy.

Interventions for the control of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and tick vectors.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease associated with its principal tick vector, Hyalomma spp. with increasing fatal incidence worldwide. Accordingly, CCHF is a World Health Organization-prioritized disease with the absence of effective preventive interventions and approved vaccines or effective treatments.

Current status of technological advancement of ultrasound processing in the food industry and its SWOT analysis.

The use of conventional food processing techniques has almost vanished due to increase in demand with respect to time, thus opening new avenues for emerging technologies. Ultrasound (US) is a rapid, multifaceted, promising, and noninvasive green technology. It has attracted the attention of both industrial experts and scientists for its probable use in food processing and preservation.

Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria from Gomti and Ganga rivers: implications for water quality and public health.

Rivers serve as a significant habitat and water sources for diverse organisms, including humans. An important environmental and public health concern is the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and genes (ARGs) in aquatic ecosystems brought about by excessive pollutant flow. The research highlighted that river water, which is receiving discharge from wastewater treatment plants, is harbouring multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Pedigree-based analysis of population structure and genetic diversity in high-milch Vrindavani crossbred cattle of India.

The present study aimed to elucidate the population structure and genetic diversity along with the estimation of genealogical parameters in Vrindavani cattle using pedigree data. The study was based on pedigree data on 12,718 animals, spread across multiple generations during a 52-year period (between 1971 and 2023). The pedigree data was used to estimate different population genealogical parameters including the generation interval; pedigree completeness; rate and level of inbreeding; effective population size; and parameters characterizing the probabilities of gene origin.

Exploration of immunomodulatory mechanism of caprine Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells.

The present study was aimed to explore the possible mechanisms by which caprine Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) perform their immunomodulatory function. WJ-MSCs were isolated through explants culture and characterized as per ISCT criteria using culture behavior, expression of surface markers by PCR, FACS and immunocytochemical localization (ICC), trilineage differentiation potential etc. Secretory behavior for important biomolecules (IDO, TGFβ1, VEGF, IL6) was evaluated by ICC and western blot assay.