Unique humoral immune response of pigs to repeated natural Japanese encephalitis virus infections: an amplifying host perspective.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in the Asia-Pacific region. Amplification of JEV in pigs is a potent driver for spillover of the infection to humans, and hence monitoring of virus dynamics in pigs can provide insights into JEV ecology. To study the dynamics of natural JEV infection in a tropical region, two groups of immunologically naïve pigs consisting of six animals per group were kept as sentinels on two different farms in the district of Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.

Diflunisal attenuates acute inflammatory responses through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis of lactating mouse model.

The cure rate of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis by conventional antibiotic therapy is very poor. Diflunisal (DIF), a difluorophenol derivative of salicylic acid, is reported to have strong anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects against S. aureus infection.

The Molecular Detection and Therapeutic Management of Pathogenic Infection in a Goat: A Case Report.

A 2-year-old female Assam Hill goat was presented with a clinical history of anorexia, fever, mild anemia, rough body coat, dehydration, tachycardia, dyspnea and swelling of palpable lymph nodes. Hematology revealed low hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell and thrombocyte count. Biochemical analysis showed increased serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and urea in comparison to the normal reference range.

A review on comparative analysis of marine and freshwater fish gut microbiomes: insights into environmental impact on gut microbiota.

The gut microbiota, which includes prokaryotes, archaea, and eukaryotes like yeasts, some protozoa, and fungi, significantly impact fish by affecting digestion, metabolism, and the immune system. In this research, we combine various tasks carried out by various bacteria in the gut of fish. This study also examines the gut microbiome composition of marine and freshwater fish, identifying important bacterial species linked to different biological functions.

Molecular genetic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus outbreak in Assam, India and neighbouring regions.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a significant swine disease with no effective vaccine due to high viral mutation rates. This study investigates a natural PRRS outbreak through molecular, pathological, and serological analyses. Nineteen affected pigs were clinically examined, and 10 underwent post-mortem examination.

Deciphering new insights into copy number variations as drivers of genomic diversity and adaptation in farm animal species.

The basis of all improvement in (re)production performance of animals and plants lies in the genetic variation. The underlying genetic variation can be further explored through investigations using molecular markers including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and microsatellite, and more recently structural variants like copy number variations (CNVs). Unlike SNPs, CNVs affect a larger proportion of the genome, making them more impactful vis-à-vis variation at the phenotype level.

Identification of novel fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase inhibitors against tuberculosis: QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation-based analysis of DrugBank compounds.

Global initiatives aim to curb tuberculosis (TB) by developing efficient vaccines and drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). The pressing need for innovative and swift anti-TB drug screening methods, due to the drawbacks of traditional approaches, is met by employing Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) and machine learning (ML) in drug discovery.

Gene expression profiling of indigenous Tharparkar and crossbred Vrindavani cattle affected with lameness using PBMC model.

Lameness is an economically significant, production-limiting syndrome that adversely affects the (re)production performance of animals besides deteriorating the quantity and quality aspects of milk in dairy cattle. The present study aimed to explore the potential biomarkers for painful foot lesions in indigenous Tharparkar and crossbred Vrindavani cattle affected with lameness. The differentially expressed genes in lame versus healthy animals were elucidated using microarray analysis and validated them by qRT-PCR.

Cocktail vaccine for the management of and .

Introduction: Globally, ticks rank second only to mosquitoes as vectors of deadly pathogens affecting humans and first in transmitting animal pathogens, presenting a significant challenge to human wellness and sustainability of livestock-based industries. Traditional tick control via chemical acaricides impacts on the environment and has led to the emergence of multi-acaricide-resistant tick populations. Use of immunoprophylactic, along with other components of integrated tick management, holds the potential to mitigate tick infestations in a sustainable manner.

The dual role of toll-like receptors in COVID-19: Balancing protective immunity and immunopathogenesis.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of human are considered as the most critical immunological mediators of inflammatory pathogenesis of COVID-19. These immunoregulatory glycoproteins are located on the surface and/or intracellular compartment act as innate immune sensors. Upon binding with distinct SARS-CoV-2 ligand(s), TLRs signal activation of different transcription factors that induce expression of the proinflammatory mediators that collectively induce 'cytokine storm'.

Sero-epidemiology and risk factor investigation for exposure to Japanese encephalitis virus in swine populations reared in climatically diverse regions of India.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is widely prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region. There is limited information on JE virus (JEV) seroprevalence as well as the associated epidemiologic and ecological factors in India. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of JEV and associated risk factors in swine populations from climatically diverse regions of the country.

Differential Cytotoxic Effects of Cell-Free Supernatants of Emerging Pathogens and on Four Cell Lines Reveal Vero Cells as a Putative Candidate for Cytotoxicity Analysis.

and are recognized as emerging pathogens with zoonotic potential. Despite their increasing importance, there is a paucity of data on the cytotoxicity of these two pathogens. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic potentials of the cell-free supernatants from 10 and 15 isolates for their cytotoxic effects on four different cell lines (CHO, Vero, HeLa, and MDCK).

Effect of Thermo-Insulated Kid Barrel on Behavioral, Physiological Responses, and Morphometric Growth Performance of Winter-Born Black Bengal Goat Kids during Pre- and Post-Weaning Periods.

This study assessed the effect of a thermo-insulated kid barrel (KB) on the behavioral, physiological, and morphometric growth performance of winter-born Black Bengal goat kids. Two groups were studied: one group was housed in a goat shed without a thermo-insulated kid barrel (control group), while the other group was housed in a shed with a thermo-insulated kid barrel (kid barrel group). Each group consisted of six kids along with their mothers.

Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Cap Gene of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Confers Protection in Mice and Induced Long-Lasting Neutralizing Antibodies in Pigs.

: Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection poses significant health and economic challenges to the global swine industry. The disease in pigs leads to lymphoid depletion, resulting in immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to co-infections with other bacterial and viral pathogens. This study evaluated the efficacy of two novel recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain R2B vectored vaccines that express the cap gene of PCV2 alone and along with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail (TMCT) domains of the NDV F gene.

Climate Resilience in Farm Animals: Transcriptomics-Based Alterations in Differentially Expressed Genes and Stress Pathways.

The livestock sector, essential for maintaining food supply and security, encounters numerous obstacles as a result of climate change. Rising global populations exacerbate competition for natural resources, affecting feed quality and availability, heightening livestock disease risks, increasing heat stress, and contributing to biodiversity loss. Although various management and dietary interventions exist to alleviate these impacts, they often offer only short-lived solutions.

Computational studies on metabolic pathways of Coxiella burnetii to combat Q fever: A roadmap to vaccine development.

Coxiella burnetii (Cbu) is the gram-negative intracellular pathogen responsible for deadly zoonotic infection, Q fever. The pathogen is environmentally stable and distributed throughout the world which is sustained in nature by chronic infection of ruminants. The epidemiological studies on Q fever indicates it as emerging public health problem in various countries and it is imperative to promptly identify an appropriate therapeutic solution for this pathogen.

Impact of antral follicle count on follicular-luteal characteristics, superovulatory response, and embryo quality in Sahiwal cows.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of antral follicle count (AFC) on follicular and luteal development during the estrous cycle and superovulatory period, as well as on superovulatory response and embryo quality within the MOET program. A total of 48 estrus-induced (500 μg PGF2α, Single dose, IM) Sahiwal cows () with a BCS between 3.5 and 4.

Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in goats: Insights from transcriptome and Gene Co-expression analysis.

Climate change poses a significant threat to the sustainability of livestock production systems in developing countries, particularly impacting small ruminants like goats, which are highly susceptible to heat stress. This stressor not only reduces productivity but also undermines economic viability. This study aimed to delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress tolerance in goats by conducting a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of heat-tolerant (HT, n = 4) and heat-susceptible (HS, n = 6) Jamunapari goats.