Soybean Processing Mill Waste Plus Vermicompost Enhances Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Inoculum Production.

This study considered soybean processing mill waste (hulls) as an organic substrate for mass multiplication of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on sorghum and amaranthus as hosts. In the first experiment, from seven soybean processing mill wastes, three wastes were evaluated for their ability to multiply AM fungi on the two host plants. Among these wastes, hulls were found to be promising for the multiplication of AM fungi and were further examined in a second experiment in combination with vermicompost (VC), a mix of hulls plus vermicompost (SH + VC) amended with soil: sand mix (3:1 v/v) and a soil-sand mix used as a control (SS) in polybags containing the previous two host species.

A Major and Stable Quantitative Trait Locus for Seed Size and Shape Traits in a Soybean RIL Population.

Seed size and shape traits are important determinants of seed yield and appearance quality in soybean [ (L.) Merr.].

Apache Spark based kernelized fuzzy clustering framework for single nucleotide polymorphism sequence analysis.

This paper introduces a kernel based fuzzy clustering approach to deal with the non-linear separable problems by applying kernel Radial Basis Functions (RBF) which maps the input data space non-linearly into a high-dimensional feature space. Discovering clusters in the high-dimensional genomics data is extremely challenging for the bioinformatics researchers for genome analysis. To support the investigations in bioinformatics, explicitly on genomic clustering, we proposed high-dimensional kernelized fuzzy clustering algorithms based on Apache Spark framework for clustering of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequences.

Molecular characterization of a novel mutation in the flowering gene induced by gamma irradiation in soybean.

Soybean is a typical short-day (SD) plant. It undergoes reproductive growth only when the day length becomes shorter than a critical length. Fourteen major genes/loci affecting soybean flowering and maturity period have been mapped to date.

Mapping and validation of a major QTL for primary root length of soybean seedlings grown in hydroponic conditions.

Background: The root system provides nutrient absorption and is closely related to abiotic stress tolerance, but it is difficult to study the roots under field conditions. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with primary root length (PRL) during soybean seedling growth in hydroponic conditions. A total of 103 F recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between K099 (short primary root) and Fendou 16 (long primary root) were used to identify QTL for PRL in soybean.

Application of enzymes as a diagnostic tool for soils as affected by municipal solid wastes.

Assessing the relationship between soil enzyme activities (SEAs) and heavy metals (HMs) without any amendment has rarely been conducted in soils contaminated with municipal solid wastes (MSW). Five soil enzymes [dehydrogenase (DHA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), urease (UR), and nitrate reductase (NR)] have been assessed for HMs bioremediation using Zea mays L. grown in unamended soils that were contaminated with different types of MSW.

First report of root rot and damping off disease in soybean caused by in India.

Seedling rot symptoms were observed at Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, India. The infected seedlings had water-soaked lesions on the cotyledons and hypocotyls that gradually developed into brown lesions and further progressed to soft rot. These seedlings could be easily pulled-off from the soil.

Characterization of antifungal metabolite phenazine from rice rhizosphere fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs) and their effect on sheath blight of rice.

We have shown, the outcome of antifungal activity of phenazine derivatives which is produced by fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs) for the control of sheath blight of rice. A total of 50 fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs) were isolated from rice rhizosphere. Off which, 36 FPs exhibited antagonistic activity against , , , and up to 70-80% compared to control by dual culture method.

Genetics and mapping of seed coat impermeability in soybean using inter-specific populations.

Seed coat impermeability (SCI) in soybean is associated with seed viability under storage and quality of processed products. Understanding genetics and identification of linked molecular markers would facilitate need-based utilization of seed coat impermeability. Two impermeable wild type ( Sieb.

Speciation, contamination, ecological and human health risks assessment of heavy metals in soils dumped with municipal solid wastes.

The main aim of this work is to assess the extent of soil contamination, potential ecological and health risks associated with the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) near a Ramsar site in Assam, India. Soil samples were collected and analysed for three heavy metals (HMs), namely, chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). The sources of HMs and their pollution levels were evaluated using different indices.

Deciphering the Role of Trehalose in Tripartite Symbiosis Among Rhizobia, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, and Legumes for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants.

Drought is a critical factor limiting the productivity of legumes worldwide. Legumes can enter into a unique tripartite symbiotic relationship with root-nodulating bacteria of genera , , or and colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Rhizobial symbiosis provides nitrogen necessary for growth.

Effect of temperature on Pi54-mediated leaf blast resistance in rice.

Assessment of temperature effect on plant resistance against diseases has become essential under climate change scenario as temperature rise is anticipated to modify host resistance. To determine temperature influence on resistance gene, a pair of near-isogenic rice lines differing for the Pi54 resistance gene was assessed against leaf blast. Blast resistance was determined as the extent of infection efficiency (IE) and sporulation (SP) at suboptimal (22 °C and 32 °C) and optimal temperature (27 °C) of pathogen aggressiveness.

Genetic relationship, population structure analysis and allelic characterization of flowering and maturity genes , , and among 90 Indian soybean landraces.

A set of 90 Indian soybean landraces were analysed for polymorphism at 43 SSRs and five allele specific markers of four major genes involved in regulating flowering and photoperiod response. A total of 42 polymorphic SSRs had amplified 126 alleles which served as raw data for estimation of genetic relationship and population structure among 90 accessions. Rare alleles of four and three SSRs were detected in accessions IC18768 and IC15089, respectively.

Vector Quantized Spectral Clustering Applied to Whole Genome Sequences of Plants.

We develop a Vector Quantized Spectral Clustering (VQSC) algorithm that is a combination of spectral clustering (SC) and vector quantization (VQ) sampling for grouping genome sequences of plants. The inspiration here is to use SC for its accuracy and VQ to make the algorithm computationally cheap (the complexity of SC is cubic in terms of the input size). Although the combination of SC and VQ is not new, the novelty of our work is in developing the crucial similarity matrix in SC as well as use of -medoids in VQ, both adapted for the plant genome data.

Quantification of a legume begomovirus to evaluate soybean genotypes for resistance to yellow mosaic disease.

Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) infecting soybean and other legumes causes yellow mosaic disease (YMD). Evaluation of soybean genotypes for YMD resistance involves field screening at disease hot spots or in a protected environment using infectious clones or viruliferous whiteflies as sources of virus inocula. Development of efficient virus inoculation and quantification protocols to screen soybean genetic stocks against YMD is imperative for breeding resistant varieties.

Stress-responsive miRNAome of Glycine max (L.) Merrill: molecular insights and way forward.

Analysis of stress-associated miRNAs of Glycine max (L.) Merrill reveals wider ramifications of small RNA-mediated (conserved and legume-specific miRNAs) gene regulatory foot prints in molecular adaptive responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are indispensable components of gene regulatory mechanism of plants.

Improved photosynthetic efficacy of maize (Zea mays) plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under high temperature stress.

In this study, pot experiments were performed to investigate the effects of high temperature stress (44 °C) in maize plants colonized with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Various parameters characterizing photosynthetic activity were measured in order to estimate the photosynthetic efficiency in maize plants. It was observed that density of active reaction centers of PSII, quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), linear electron transport, excitation energy trapping, performance index, net photosynthesis rate increased in AMF (+) plants at 44 °C ± 0.

Geminiviruses and Plant Hosts: A Closer Examination of the Molecular Arms Race.

Geminiviruses are plant-infecting viruses characterized by a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. Geminivirus-derived proteins are multifunctional and effective regulators in modulating the host cellular processes resulting in successful infection. Virus-host interactions result in changes in host gene expression patterns, reprogram plant signaling controls, disrupt central cellular metabolic pathways, impair plant's defense system, and effectively evade RNA silencing response leading to host susceptibility.

Comparative conventional and phenomics approaches to assess symbiotic effectiveness of Bradyrhizobia strains in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to drought.

Symbiotic effectiveness of rhizobitoxine (Rtx)-producing strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. in soybean (cultivar NRC-37/Ahilya-4) under limited soil moisture conditions was evaluated using phenomics tools such as infrared(IR) thermal and visible imaging. Red, green and blue (RGB) colour pixels were standardized to analyse a total of 1017 IR thermal and 692 visible images.

Linkage mapping of (MYMIV) resistance gene in soybean.

(MYMIV) is one of the most prevalent pathogen that limits soybean production in India. In this study RILs derived from JS335, dominant but MYMIV susceptible variety and PI171443, donor of MYMIV resistance gene in most of the MYMIV resistant varieties released in India and F2 population derived from SL525, a resistant variety released for northern India and NRC101, a susceptible genotype were used to study the inheritance of MYMIV resistance and map the gene responsible for MYMIV resistance. F1s were found to be completely susceptible.

QTLomics in Soybean: A Way Forward for Translational Genomics and Breeding.

Food legumes play an important role in attaining both food and nutritional security along with sustainable agricultural production for the well-being of humans globally. The various traits of economic importance in legume crops are complex and quantitative in nature, which are governed by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Mapping of quantitative traits is a tedious and costly process, however, a large number of QTLs has been mapped in soybean for various traits albeit their utilization in breeding programmes is poorly reported.

Introgression of null allele of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor through marker-assisted backcross breeding in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.).

Background: Presence of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) in soybean seeds necessitates pre-heat treatment of the soy-flour for its inactivation before using it in food and feed products. The heat treatment not only enhances processing costs of the soy-based foods and feeds but also affects seed-protein quality and solubility. Genetic elimination of KTI is an important and effective approach.