AMR Threat Perception Assessment of Heterotrophic Bacteria From Shrimp Aquaculture Through Epidemiological Cut off Values.

Background: Emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance is one of the major risks associated with the rampant usage of antibiotics in food-producing animals including aquaculture.

Objective: To determine Epidemiological Cut-OFF (ECOFF) values of heterotrophic bacterial populations from shrimp culture environments against five different antibiotics.

Methods: In this present study, bacterial samples were isolated from Penaeus vannamei culture environment in different locations of Andhra Pradesh, which is the aquaculture hub of India.

Emergence of multidrug resistant, ctx negative seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor sequence type (ST) 69 in coastal water of Kerala, India.

Seventh pandemic Vibrio choleare O1 El Tor strain is responsible for the on-going pandemic outbreak of cholera globally. This strain evolved from non-pathogenic V. cholerae by acquiring seventh pandemic gene (VC 2346), pandemic Islands (VSP1 and VSP2), pathogenicity islands (VP1 and VP2) and CTX prophage region.

Critical assessment of wheat biofortification for iron and zinc: a comprehensive review of conceptualization, trends, approaches, bioavailability, health impact, and policy framework.

Addressing global hidden hunger, particularly in women of childbearing age and children under five, presents a significant challenge, with a focus on iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency. Wheat, a staple crop in the developing world, is crucial for addressing this issue through biofortification efforts. While extensive research has explored various approaches to enhance Fe and Zn content in wheat, there remains a scarcity of comprehensive data on their bioavailability and impact on human and animal health.

Genome-wide association mapping for field spot blotch resistance in South Asian spring wheat genotypes.

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana ((Sacc.) Shoemaker) (teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus [Ito and Kuribayashi] Drechsler ex Dastur) is an economically important disease of warm and humid regions. The present study focused on identifying resistant genotypes and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with spot blotch resistance in a panel of 174 bread spring wheat lines using field screening and genome-wide association mapping strategies.

Advances in RNA Interference for Plant Functional Genomics: Unveiling Traits, Mechanisms, and Future Directions.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved molecular mechanism that plays a critical role in post-transcriptional gene silencing across diverse organisms. This review delves into the role of RNAi in plant functional genomics and its applications in crop improvement, highlighting its mechanistic insights and practical implications. The review begins with the foundational discovery of RNAi's mechanism, tracing its origins from petunias to its widespread presence in various organisms.

First Report of Phytoplasma asteris (16SrI-B Subgroup) associated with phyllody disease of moth bean in world.

Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia), a drought and heat-resistant legume from the Fabaceae family, is commonly cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of the Indian subcontinent In September 2022, phyllody symptoms (Figure 1) were observed on 50-days-old moth bean plants at the ICAR-NBPGR research farm in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. The disease incidence ranged from 10 to 25%. To investigate the cause, ten symptomatic VacoJod (1-10) and ten asymptomatic VacoJod (11-20) Vigna aconitifolia plants were collected.

Effect of cooking and storage temperature on resistant starch in commonly consumed Indian wheat products and its effect upon blood glucose level.

Background/objectives: The health benefits provided by resistant starch have been well documented; however, few studies are available on the resistant starch content of wheat products in India. Moreover, few studies have examined the efficacy of resistant starch in wheat products in improving glucose levels. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cooking and storage temperature on the formation of resistant starch in Indian wheat products and its effect on blood glucose levels in humans and rats.

Comparative transcriptomics of stem rust resistance in wheat NILs mediated by Sr24 rust resistance gene.

Stem rust of wheat is a deleterious fungal disease across the globe causing severe yield losses. Although, many stem rust resistance genes (Sr) are being used in wheat breeding programs, new emerging stem rust pathotypes are a challenge to important Sr genes. In recent years, multiple studies on leaf and yellow rust molecular mechanism have been done, however, for stem rust such studies are lacking.

Genome-wide identification of DCL, AGO, and RDR gene families in wheat ( L.) and their expression analysis in response to heat stress.

Unlabelled: Key components of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway include the Dicer-like (DCL), Argonaute (AGO), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase () gene families. While these components have been studied in various plant species, their functional validation in wheat remains unexplored particularly under heat stress. In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis to identify, and characterize , and genes in wheat and their expression patterns was carried out.

Assessment of nutritional status and habitual dietary intake of Indian farm women: Evidence from a case study in central India.

Objectives: Nutritional security for women working in agriculture is one of the most serious and persisting concerns in developing countries like India. The present study surveyed the dynamics of nutritional status based on dietary intake, namely calorie, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, folic acid, iron, vitamin, carotene, etc., in the farm women in the central India state of Madhya Pradesh.

Molecular diagnostic assay for pre-harvest detection of infection in wheat plants.

The current study describes a new diagnostic method for the rapid and accurate detection of , the pathogen accountable for causing Karnal bunt (KB) disease in wheat. This method uses quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and a primer set derived from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene of to identify the presence of the pathogen. The qPCR assay using this primer set was found highly sensitive, with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 4 pg of DNA.

Evidence and opportunities for developing non-transgenic genome edited crops using site-directed nuclease 1 approach.

The innovations and progress in genome editing/new breeding technologies have revolutionized research in the field of functional genomics and crop improvement. This revolution has expanded the horizons of agricultural research, presenting fresh possibilities for creating novel plant varieties equipped with desired traits that can effectively combat the challenges posed by climate change. However, the regulation and social acceptance of genome-edited crops still remain as major barriers.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the GRAS gene family under abiotic stresses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

The GRAS transcription factors are multifunctional proteins involved in various biological processes, encompassing plant growth, metabolism, and responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Wheat is an important cereal crop cultivated worldwide. However, no systematic study of the GRAS gene family and their functions under heat, drought, and salt stress tolerance and molecular dynamics modeling in wheat has been reported.

Assessment of Indian wheat germplasm for Septoria nodorum blotch and tan spot reveals new QTLs conferring resistance along with recessive alleles of and .

The leaf blight diseases, Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), and tan spot (TS) are emerging due to changing climatic conditions in the northern parts of India. We screened 296 bread wheat cultivars released in India over the past 20 years for seedling resistance against SNB (three experiments) and TS (two experiments). According to a genome-wide association study, six QTLs on chromosome arms 1BL, 2AS, 5BL, and 6BL were particularly significant for SNB across all three years, of which , appeared novel.

Boosting wheat yield, profitability and NUE with prilled and nano urea in conservation tillage.

Rice-wheat production in the Indo-gangetic plains (IGPs) of India faces major concerns such as depleting resources, rice residue burning, excessive fertilizer use, and decreasing nitrogen use efficiency. These issues threaten sustainable crop production in the future. Therefore, a field study was conducted during the winter seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to evaluate the effect of combined conventional and nano fertilizers on nitrogen application just before or after irrigation to improve wheat productivity, profitability and NUE under conservation tillage.

Brassinosteroids as promoters of seedling growth and antioxidant activity under heavy metal zinc stress in mung bean (.).

The escalation of harmful pollutants, including heavy metals, due to industrialization and urbanization has become a global concern. To mitigate the negative impacts of heavy metal stress on germination and early plant development, growth regulators have been employed. This study aimed to evaluate the response of mung bean () to zinc stress in the presence of brassinosteroids, focusing on seedling growth and antioxidant potential.

Deciphering the genetic diversity and population structure of wild barley germplasm against corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch).

Corn-leaf aphid (CLA-Rhopalosiphum maidis) is a major insect pest of barley (Hordeum vulgare) causing yield loss upto 30% under severe infestation. Keeping in view of the availability of very few sources of CLA resistance in barley, the present investigation was framed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 43 wild barley (H. vulgare subsp.

Candidate effectors for leaf rust resistance gene identified through transcriptome and analysis.

spp. causing rust diseases in wheat and other cereals secrete several specialized effector proteins into host cells. Characterization of these proteins and their interaction with host's R proteins could greatly help to limit crop losses due to diseases.

Characterization of Pre-Breeding Wheat ( L.) Germplasm for Stripe Rust Resistance Using Field Phenotyping and Genotyping.

Wheat is highly affected by stripe rust disease, particularly under cooler environments, and the losses can reach up to 100 percent depending on the intensity of infection and the susceptibility of the genotype. The most effective method to manage this disease is the use of resistant varieties. In the present study, 192 wheat genotypes were evaluated for stripe rust resistance under field conditions and also in a laboratory using molecular markers.

Investigating the impact of terminal heat stress on contrasting wheat cultivars: a comprehensive analysis of phenological, physiological, and biochemical traits.

Terminal heat stress has become one of the major threats due to global climate change which is significantly affecting the production and productivity of wheat crop. Therefore, it is necessary to identify key traits and genotypes to breed heat-tolerant wheat. The present study was undertaken with the objective of comparing the effects of heat stress (HSE) and extended heat stress (EHSE) on phenological-physio-biochemical traits of contrasting heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes during the reproductive phase.

Unlocking the potential of ancient hexaploid Indian dwarf wheat, for grain quality improvement.

Wild and ancient wheat are considered to be a rich source of nutrients and better stress tolerant, hence being re-considered for mainstreaming its cultivation by the farmers and bringing it back to the food basket. In the present study, thirty-four diverse accessions of Indian dwarf wheat, conserved in the Indian National Genebank were evaluated for thirteen-grain quality parameters namely thousand-grain weight (TGW), hectolitre weight (HW), sedimentation value (Sed), grain hardness index (HI), protein (Pro), albumin (Alb), globulin (Glo), gliadin (Gli), glutenin (Glu), gluten, lysine (Lys), Fe and Zn content, and four antioxidant enzymes activities. Substantial variations were recorded for studied traits.

Virulence and genetic analysis of in the Indian sub-continent from 2016 to 2022 and evaluation of wheat varieties for stem rust resistance.

Wheat stem rust, caused by f. sp. (), has re-emerged as one of the major concerns for global wheat production since the evolution of Ug99 and other virulent pathotypes of from East Africa, Europe, Central Asia, and other regions.

Comparative analysis of nine genomes for the development of novel microsatellite markers for genetic diversity and population structure analysis.

Karnal bunt (KB; ) is the prime quarantine concern for quality wheat production throughout the world. The most effective approach to dealing with this biotic stress is to breed KB-resistant wheat varieties, which warrants a better understanding of genome architecture. In India, the North Western Plain Zone is the prime hot spot for KB disease, but only limited efforts have been made to decipher diversity at the genomic level.