Involvement of microglia in chronic neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury - a systematic review.

In recent decade microglia have been found to have a central role in the development of chronic neuropathic pain after injury to the peripheral nervous system. It is widely accepted that peripheral nerve injury triggers microglial activation in the spinal cord, which contributes to heightened pain sensation and eventually chronic pain states. The contribution of microglia to chronic pain arising after injury to the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), has been less studied, but there is evidence supporting microglial contribution to central neuropathic pain.

Differentiation Between Phyllodes Tumors and Fibroadenomas of Breast Using Mammography-based Machine Learning Methods: A Preliminary Study.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of a mammography-based radiomics model for distinguishing phyllodes tumors (PTs) from fibroadenomas (FAs) of the breast.

Materials And Methods: A total of 156 patients were retrospectively included (75 with PTs, 81 with FAs) and divided into training and validation groups at a ratio of 7:3. Radiomics features were extracted from craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique images.

A research on the improved rotational robustness for thoracic organ delineation by using joint learning of segmenting spatially-correlated organs: A U-net based comparison.

Purpose: To study the improved rotational robustness by using joint learning of spatially-correlated organ segmentation (SCOS) for thoracic organ delineation. The network structure is not our point.

Methods: The SCOS was implemented in a U-net-like model (abbr.

Efficacy and safety of Xian-Lian-Jie-Du optimization decoction as an adjuvant treatment for prevention of recurrence in patients with stage IIIB/IIIC colon cancer: study protocol for a multicentre, randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Colon cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Unfortunately, there are no recognized and effective therapeutic strategies to prevent tumor recurrence after radical resection and chemotherapy, and the disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage IIIB or IIIC disease remains unsatisfactory. Xian-Lian-Jie-Du optimization decoction (XLJDOD) is a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) empirical prescription, which has been validated experimentally and clinically that could inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer and ameliorate the symptoms.

Protective effect of mussel polysaccharide on cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal oxidative stress injury via Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway.

The hard-shelled mussel () has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and health food in China for centuries. Polysaccharides from mussel has been reported to have multiple biological functions, however, it remains unclear whether mussel polysaccharide (MP) exerts protective effects in intestinal functions, and the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of MP on intestinal oxidative injury in mice.

Axonal growth inhibitors and their receptors in spinal cord injury: from biology to clinical translation.

Axonal growth inhibitors are released during traumatic injuries to the adult mammalian central nervous system, including after spinal cord injury. These molecules accumulate at the injury site and form a highly inhibitory environment for axonal regeneration. Among these inhibitory molecules, myelin-associated inhibitors, including neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and repulsive guidance molecule A are of particular importance.

GNG4, as a potential predictor of prognosis, is correlated with immune infiltrates in colon adenocarcinoma.

The tumour microenvironment (TME) and immunosuppression play an important role in colon cancer (CC) metastasis, which seriously affects the prognosis of CC. G protein subunit gamma 4 (GNG4) has been shown to participate in tumour progression and the tumour mutation burden (TMB) in colorectal cancer. However, the effect of GNG4 on the CC TME and immunology remains elusive.

Strategies to overcome cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) through targeting P-glycoprotein (ABCB1): An updated review.

The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in malignant tumors is one of the leading threats encountered currently in many chemotherapeutic agents. The overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is involved in MDR. P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/ABCB1 is a member of the ABC transporter family that significantly increases the efflux of various anticancer drugs from tumor cells.

Using a CT-based scale to evaluate disease extension and the resectability of locally advanced thyroid cancer.

Objectives: To establish a computed tomography (CT)-based scale to evaluate the resectability of locally advanced thyroid cancer.

Methods: This twin-centre retrospective study included 95 locally advanced thyroid cancer patients from the 1 centre as the training cohort and 31 patients from the 2 centre as the testing cohort, who were categorised into the resectable and unresectable groups. Three radiologists scored the CT scans of each patient by evaluating the extension to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), trachea, oesophagus, artery, vein, soft tissue, and larynx.

Five-year follow-up after stereotactic body radiotherapy for medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter study.

Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has proven to provide high rates of tumor control for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We are reporting a multicenter experience of long-term clinical outcomes and adverse effect profiles of patients with medically inoperable early-stage NSCLC treated with SBRT.

Methods: A total of 145 early-stage NSCLC patients underwent SBRT at the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, and Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between October 2012 and March 2019.

Comprehensive Detection of PD-L1 Protein and mRNA in Tumor Cells and Extracellular Vesicles through a Real-Time qPCR Assay.

A growing number of studies have shown that tumor cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein. These vesicles can travel to lymph nodes and remotely inactivate T cells, thereby evading immune system attack. Therefore, the simultaneous detection of PD-L1 protein expression in cells and EVs is of great significance in guiding immunotherapy.

Mitochondria and the cell cycle in budding yeast.

As centers for energy production and essential biosynthetic activities, mitochondria are vital for cell growth and proliferation. Accumulating evidence suggests an integrated regulation of these organelles and the nuclear cell cycle in distinct organisms. In budding yeast, a well-established example of this coregulation is the coordinated movement and positional control of mitochondria during the different phases of the cell cycle.

RNA aptamers developed against tRip: A preliminary approach targeting tRNA entry in Plasmodium.

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites that multiply inside host cells and can be lethal when P. falciparum is involved. We identified tRip as a membrane protein that facilitates the import of exogenous transfer RNA (tRNA) into the parasite.

Tissue-Specific Vulnerability to Apoptosis in Machado-Joseph Disease.

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the gene encoding the ataxin-3 protein. Several cellular processes, including transcription and apoptosis, are disrupted in MJD. To gain further insights into the extent of dysregulation of mitochondrial apoptosis in MJD and to evaluate if expression alterations of specific apoptosis genes/proteins can be used as transcriptional biomarkers of disease, the expression levels of , and and the / ratio (an indicator of susceptibility to apoptosis) were assessed in blood and post-mortem brain samples from MJD subjects and MJD transgenic mice and controls.

Apical-basal polarity of the spectrin cytoskeleton in the vulva.

The vulva is a polarized epithelial tube that has been studied extensively as a model for cell-cell signaling, cell fate specification, and tubulogenesis. Here we used endogenous fusions to show that the spectrin cytoskeleton is polarized in this organ, with conventional beta-spectrin ( UNC-70 ) found only at basolateral membranes and beta heavy spectrin ( SMA-1 ) found only at apical membranes. The sole alpha-spectrin ( SPC-1 ) is present at both locations but requires SMA-1 for its apical localization.

Deciphering the metabolic profile and anti-colorectal cancer mechanism of Capilliposide A using ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry combined with non-targeted metabolomics studies.

Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy that threatens human health worldwide. Despite the availability of chemotherapy as a primary treatment option, individuals with CRC undergoing frequent chemotherapy are susceptible to developing drug resistance, which can result in poor treatment outcomes. Consequently, there is an urgent need to discover new bioactive compounds for the treatment of CRC.

Discovery of extracellular vesicle-delivered miR-185-5p in the plasma of patients as an indicator for advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer.

Background: We aimed to evaluate whether extracellular vesicles (EV)-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as biomarkers for advanced adenoma (AA) and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: We detected the changes in the plasma EV-delivered miRNA profiles in healthy donor (HD), AA patient, and I-II stage CRC patient groups using miRNA deep sequencing assay. We performed the TaqMan miRNA assay using 173 plasma samples (two independent cohorts) from HDs, AA patients, and CRC patients to identify the candidate miRNA(s).

Infection with hypervirulent triggers emergency myelopoiesis but not trained immunity.

Introduction: During infection, bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis is reprogrammed toward myeloid cell production, a mechanism named emergency myelopoiesis. In addition to replenishing myeloid cells, emergency myelopoiesis has been linked to trained immunity, a process that allows enhanced innate immune responses to secondary challenges. Although hematopoietic alterations during tuberculosis (TB) have been described and may colonize the BM, studies using the mouse model of infection and the laboratory reference strain H37Rv have demonstrated limited emergency myelopoiesis and trained immunity.

Oligonucleotide nanoassemblies with allyl bromide scaffold-based small molecules.

The development of oligonucleotide nanoassemblies with small molecules has shown great potential in bio-medical applications. However, the interaction of negatively charged oligonucleotides with halogenated small molecules represents a scientific challenge. Here, we introduced a distinct allyl bromide halogenated scaffold, which exhibits specific interaction with adenine nucleic bases of the oligonucleotides, thus leading to the formation of self-assembled nanostructures.

Non-coding variants in VAMP2 and SNAP25 affect gene expression: potential implications in migraine susceptibility.

Migraine is a common and complex neurological disease potentially caused by a polygenic interaction of multiple gene variants. Many genes associated with migraine are involved in pathways controlling the synaptic function and neurotransmitters release. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning migraine need to be further explored.

The counterbalance of endothelial glycocalyx and high wall shear stress to low-density lipoprotein concentration polarization in mouse ear skin arterioles.

Background And Aims: Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs at regions in arterial branching, curvature, and stenosis, which may be explained by the geometric predilection of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration polarization that has been investigated in major arteries in previous studies. Whether this also happens in arterioles remains unknown.

Methods: Herein, a radially non-uniform distribution of LDL particles and a heterogeneous endothelial glycocalyx layer in the mouse ear arterioles, as shown by fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-FITC), were successfully observed by a non-invasive two-photon laser-scanning microscopy (TPLSM) technique.