Maintenance of the Cardiovascular Function in a Deeply Cooled Homeothermic Organism by Physiological Methods without External Rewarming.

Gradual cooling of homeothermic organisms is followed by slowing and arrest of breathing and heart contractions. During deep cooling, even relatively slight artificial ventilation decreases the lower temperature limit of life (by 4.5-5°C) and provides minimum oxygen supply to the heart and whole body.

Effects of Hypobaric Hypoxia in Various Modes on Expression of Neurogenesis Marker NeuroD2 in the Dentate Gyrus of Rats Hippocampus.

The expression of neurogenesis marker--NeuroD2 transcription factor--in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was studied in rats exposed to severe destructive hypoxia, a single or three episodes of moderate hypobaric hypoxia, preconditioned severe hypoxia, and severe hypoxia followed by 3 sessions of postconditioning by moderate hypobaric hypoxia. All the studied hypoxic exposure modes led to an increase of NeuroD2 level. Three-fold moderate hypoxia per se and in the preconditioning mode (followed by exposure to severe hypoxia) produced most pronounced up-regulatory effect on NeuroD2 expression.

Effects of Millimeter-Wave Electromagnetic Radiation on the Experimental Model of Migraine.

Effects of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation (40 GHz frequency, 0.01 mW power) on the spontaneous fi ring of convergent neurons of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and their responses to electrical stimulation of the dura mater were studied in neurophysiological experiments on rats. Irradiation of the area of cutaneous receptive fields of spinal trigeminal nucleus reversibly inhibited both spontaneous discharges and activity induced by electrical stimulation of the dura mater.

TRPV currents and their role in the nociception and neuroplasticity.

Transient receptor potential channels sensitive to vanilloids (TRPVs) are group of ion channels which are sensitive to various tissue damaging signals and their activation is generally perceived as pain. Therefore, they are generally named as nociceptors. Understanding their activation and function as well as their interaction with intracellular pathways is crucial for the development of pharmacological interference in order to reduce pain perception.

Cognitive-enhancing activities of the polyprenol preparation Ropren® in gonadectomized β-amyloid (25-35) rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

The present preclinical study was designed to examine the effects of prolonged Ropren® administration (8.6 mg/kg, orally, once daily, 28 days) in a β-amyloid (25-35) rat model of Alzheimer's disease following gonadectomy. The experimental model was created by intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid (25-35) into gonadectomized (GDX) rats and GDX rats with testosterone propionate (TP, 0.

Effects of acute or chronic administration of novel 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine derivates on anxiety-like behavior.

Novel anxiolytic medications are necessary to broaden treatment therapy. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the clinically effective anxiolytic, diazepam with the novel 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine derivates. The novel 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine derivates (PK, 0.

Lubinska Phenomenon: Simultaneous Bidirectional Axoplasmic Flow in Nerve Fibers.

Experiments on live mollusk neurons isolated with a neurite fragmentsat its various levels demonstrated that axoplasm is characterized by mechanical strain realized in the form of retraction up to complete invagination of the axoplasm into the soma. Changes in axon geometry were attributed to neuroplasm movement. It was found that the direction of axoplasm movement depends on the location of adhesion points.

Short Peptides and Telomere Length Regulator Hormone Irisin.

Irisin produced by muscles during exercise and promoting fat burning also exhibits geroprotective effect and induces telomere elongation in normal somatic cells. Special attention is paid to studies of the role of peptides Lys-Glu, Glu-Asp-Arg, and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly in epigenetic regulation of irisin content. The data suggest that the immunomodulatory peptide Lys-Glu and neuroprotective peptide Glu-Asp-Arg modulate the life span by modulating irisin gene expression.

Influence of High Blood Pressure on Microcirculation in Cerebral Cortex of Young Rats.

We studied the density and structure of the microvascular network of the pia mater, the blood flow rate and oxygen saturation in the sensorimotor cortex of young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The density of the microvascular network in hypertensive animals was by ~1.4 times lower than in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (control) and arteriolar bed density was lower by ~1.

["Protein of senility" CCL11, "protein of juvenility" GDF11 and their role in age-related pathology].

The paper presents the latest literature data on the structure and functions of «protein of juvenility» - CCL11 and «protein of senility» - GDF11. Chemokine CCL11 injected to young animals has been shown to lead to degenerative changes in the central nervous system (CNS), disturb cognitive functions and impede tissue regeneration. CCL11 concentration increases dramatically in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, neuro-inflammatory disorders, cerebral malaria, drug addiction, as well as in atherosclerosis, periodontal disease, macular degeneration, cancer and other pathologies.

[The effect of vascular peptide bioregulator on the microcirculation in the brain cortex of old rats].

Using a TV device to study brain microcirculation, we found that after a course of vascular peptide bioregulator the density of microvascular network of pia matter of old rats (22-24 months) sensomotor cortex increased about 2,5-2,8 times compared to control old rates; and noradrenaline-induced constriction reactions and acetylcholine-induced dilative reactions of the pial arterioles increased significantly. This perfusion in the tissue of the cerebral cortex is not increased, but the degree of blood oxygen saturation in the microvasculature of this tissue region raised.

Effects of Experimental Coma on the Expression of Bcl-2 Protein and Caspases 3 and 9 in Rat Brain.

We performed immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of caspases 3, 9 and bcl-2 protein in rat brain at various terms after administration of LD50 of sodium thiopental. Expression of the specified apoptosis markers was found in the sensorimotor cortex and hippocampus (dentate gyrus and CA2 region).

Zinc Chloride and Zinc Acetate Injected into the Neostriatum Produce Opposite Effect on Locomotor Behavior of Rats.

Zinc chloride and zinc acetate solutions injected in a dose of 1 μg into the rostral neostriatum produced opposite effect on locomotor behavior of rats. Zink chloride disturbed conditioned avoidance and reduced spontaneous motor activity. Zink acetate virtually did not modify avoidance behavior and stimulated motor activity with elements of motor stereotypy.

Mystixin-7 mini-peptide protects ionotropic glutamatergic mechanisms against oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro.

The aim of the present study was to explore the neuroprotective effects of the mystixin-7 mini-peptide (MTX, a synthetic corticotropin-releasing-factor-like, 7-amino-acid peptide) on an in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation model (OGD, 10min). The study used a technique of on-line monitoring of changes in α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor (AMPAR) and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-mediated field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the olfactory cortex slices in the OGD model. OGD resulted in an irreversible blockade of both AMPAR and NMDAR activity.

Effect of Heparin on Contractile Activity of Lymph Node Capsule.

Experiments on smooth muscle strips isolated from the capsule of bovine mesenteric lymph node showed that heparin low concentrations (0.010-0.025 U/ml) stimulating spontaneous isometric phasic contractions of smooth muscles, but higher heparin concentrations reduced or even completely eliminated these contractions.

Expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors by Nociceptive Metasympathetic Neurons.

Immunohistochemical assay with double label and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that innate immunity receptor TLR4 is expressed predominantly in neurons of the intestinal Auerbach (myenteric) plexus, while vanilloid nociceptive receptor TRPV1 is expressed by neurons of Meissner (submucous) plexus. Immunohistochemical analysis with triple labeling revealed coexpression of TLR4 and TRPV1 in enteric neurons of rat colon. The results attest to a possibility of functional interaction between Toll-like and vanilloid receptors in the neuron level.

Neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus in rats during formation of seeking behavior in a radial maze.

Seeking behavior of rats in a radial maze with asymmetric reward was studied by means of synchronous recording of cell activity in the hippocampus and ventral striatum. The synchrony of cell activity in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens was modulated by spatial position and reward; the important role in this synchronization can be played by theta rhythm. This is in line with the anatomical and physiological data on the convergence of hippocampal spatially organized positional and reward value information inputs from the amygdala and ventral segmental area to n.

Contextual effects on preattentive processing of sound motion as revealed by spatial MMN.

The magnitude of spatial distance between sound stimuli is critically important for their preattentive discrimination, yet the effect of stimulus context on auditory motion processing is not clear. This study investigated the effects of acoustical change and stimulus context on preattentive spatial change detection. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded for stationary midline noises and two patterns of sound motion produced by linear or abrupt changes of interaural time differences.

Role of peptide bond in the realization of biological activity of short peptides.

We performed a comparative analysis of biological activity of Lys-Glu peptide and its amino acid constituents. It was established that Lys-Glu stimulated proliferation of splenic cells in organotypic culture, while the mixture of glutamic acid and lysine inhibited culture growth. Using the method of molecular docking, we showed that glutamic acid, lysine, and Lys-Glu peptide can interact with different DNA sequences.

[Age-related changes in blood microcirculation functional state of the brain cortex of rats].

Male Wistar-Kyoto rats, aged 22-24 months, were intracerebrally transplanted syngeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Cognitive functions of these animals were tested in 3 weeks. The density of microvascular bed, the tissue blood flow, saturation of mixed blood in cortex microvessels were measured under the standard conditions, under the impact of noradrenaline and in the context of global ischemia.

[Transport function of the lymph nodes in young and old animals].

The paper discusses the age-related changes of contractile activity of the capsule of the lymph nodes, underlying their transport function. The results of the studies conducted on the mesenteric lymph nodes of young and old bulls are presented. The changes in the contractile function of the capsule of the lymph nodes were revealed in the older animals.

[Adhesion molecule JAM-A, its function and mechanism of epigenetic regulation].

The article represents evidence about structures, properties and functions of adhesion molecule JAM-A/1 belonging to JAM subfamily. This protein plays an important role in epithelial tight junction formation and immune function. Current article focuses on the role of JAM-A protein in pathogenesis associated to ageing: atherosclerosis, apoplexy, thrombosis, hypertension, ophthalmological pathology.

The effect of neurospecific knockdown of candidate genes for locomotor behavior and sound production in Drosophila melanogaster.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the functioning of central pattern generators (CPGs) are poorly understood. Investigations using genetic approaches in the model organism Drosophila may help to identify unknown molecular players participating in the formation or control of motor patterns. Here we report Drosophila genes as candidates for involvement in the neural mechanisms responsible for motor functions, such as locomotion and courtship song.

The Mechanisms of Compensatory Responses of the Respiratory System to Simulated Central Hypervolemia in Normal Subjects.

The compensatory responses of the respiratory system to simulated central hypervolemia (CHV) were investigated in 14 normal subjects. The central hypervolemia was caused by a short-time passive head-down tilt (HDT, -30°, 30 min). The results show that CHV increased the mechanical respiratory load and the airway resistance, slowed the inspiratory flow, increased the duration of the inspiratory phase, reduced the respiratory rate, but not changed the minute ventilation.