Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and SMAD4 negatively correlated in the progression of gallbladder cancer in Eastern Indian patients.

Background And Introduction: Two and half percent of the Indian population suffer from gallbladder cancer (GBC). The primary factors that lead GBC are associated with mutation of several protooncogenes such as EGFR, ERBB2, Myc, and CCND1 along with dysregulation of several tumor suppressor genes such as SMAD4 and CDKN2A. Bacterial infection caused by S.

Variable presentation and outcomes of primary hyperparathyroidism in children and adolescents.

Objectives: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in paediatric and adolescent age group presents with some unique challenges for clinicians. While the disease in the adult counterparts presents with symptoms which are described quite extensively in literature, children/adolescents have manifestations which are quite different and severe compared to the former. The present case series aimed to highlight the peculiarities of presentation of PHPT in children and adolescents.

Prognostic Role of Human Epididymis Protein4 (HE4) in Endometrial Lesions: Study in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Endometrial cancer accounts for 20% of malignant tumours in the female reproductive system. A novel biological marker human epididymis protein4 (HE4) represents an important alternative indicator which may benefit patient mortality. To correlate the immunohistochemical expression of HE4 in different non-neoplastic and neoplastic endometrial lesions and with the WHO grade of the tumours.

Hepatitis B virus suppresses complement C9 synthesis by limiting the availability of transcription factor USF-1 and inhibits formation of membrane attack complex: implications in disease pathogenesis.

Background: The complement system functions primarily as a first-line host defense against invading microbes, including viruses. However, the interaction of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) with the complement-components during chronic HBV infection remains largely unknown. We investigated the mechanism by which HBV inhibits the formation of cytolytic complement membrane-attack complex (MAC) and studied its impact on MAC-mediated microbicidal activity and disease pathogenesis.

Evaluation of Mitral-Aortic Flow Velocity Integral Ratio as a Tool to Differentiate Between Severe and Nonsevere Mitral Regurgitation.

Objectives: To evaluate mitral-aortic flow velocity integral ratio (MAVIR) as an echocardiographic tool to differentiate between severe and nonsevere mitral regurgitation (MR), compared with regurgitant volume (RVol) and effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA), with subgroup analysis in patients with calcific mitral valve, both by transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography. Also, whether MAVIR can be used as a screening tool for severe MR.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational.

Comparison Among Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block, Erector Spinae Plane Block and Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Analgesia in Thoracotomy for Lung Surgery.

Background: To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of preoperative, single-shot ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB), erector spinae plane block (ESB), and serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) in thoracotomy pain.

Design: A prospective, randomized study.

Setting: The cardiothoracic operating room and intensive care unit of a tertiary-care hospital in India.

Total T4 rise in pregnancy: a relook?

Background: Total T4 (TT4) measurement is preferred to free T4 (FT4) especially in last part of pregnancy. Guidelines by American Thyroid Association, European Thyroid Association and Endocrine Society state that TT4 increases 1.5 times pre-pregnant levels after week 16 of pregnancy.

Trimester-Specific Reference Intervals for Thyroid Function Parameters in Indian Pregnant Women during Final Phase of Transition to Iodine Sufficiency.

Background: Interpretation of thyroid function tests during pregnancy depends on gestational age, method, and population-specific reference intervals. Therefore, there is a worldwide trend to establish trimester-specific levels for different populations. The aim of this study was to establish a trimester-specific reference range for thyroid function parameters during pregnancy in Indian women.

Levothyroxine Absorption Test to Differentiate Pseudomalabsorption from True Malabsorption.

Background: The levothyroxine absorption test for evaluation of pseudomalabsorption in patients with primary hypothyroid is not standardised. An individual in whom a workup for malabsorption is warranted remains undefined.

Methods: Twenty-five euthyroid, 25 newly diagnosed hypothyroid, 25 treated hypothyroid with normalised TSH, and 25 hypothyroid subjects with elevated TSH despite adequate dose of levothyroxine for more than 6 months, and 10 euthyroid subjects with true malabsorption were administered levothyroxine (10 μg/kg or maximum 600 μg) to study its absorption profile by measuring free T4 level at hourly intervals for 5 h.

Change of symptoms of schizophrenia across phases of menstrual cycle.

The relation between schizophrenia and the menstrual cycle has always been found attractive by researchers. It is still a question of debate whether the clinical picture changes during the menstrual cycle. Our study aimed to see whether there is any change of symptoms during different phases of menstrual cycle (premenstrual, menstrual, and postmenstrual) in patients suffering from schizophrenia.

A rapid HPTLC method to estimate piperine in Ayurvedic formulations.

Background: Trikatu, Sitopaladi, Hingavastaka, Avipattikara, Sringyadi and Talisadya are very popular Ayurvedic (churna) medicines practiced in India; however, unfortunately, they possess several quality control issues.

Objective: The aim of this study was to find out a simple, accurate and sensitive HPTLC method for the detection and quantification of marker molecule, piperine (alkaloid) on these Ayurvedic formulations for standardization.

Materials And Methods: Methanolic extraction (reflux) was performed from the above six churnas as well as three single ingredients Piper longum (pipul), Piper nigrum (marich) and Piper chaba (chai).

Clinical Profile and Therapeutic Response of Scrub Typhus in Children: A Recent Trend from Eastern India.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinico-laboratory parameters, complications and therapeutic responses in children with scrub typhus in Eastern India.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective, observational study, all children (age, <12 years) with suspected scrub typhus with a compatible clinical scenario were enrolled consecutively over six months. Cases confirmed by means of a positive IgM serology or a positive Weil-Felix reaction (OXK = 1/80 or above) were administered enteral doxycycline (4.

Efficacy of transdermal buprenorphine patch on post-operative pain relief after elective spinal instrumentation surgery.

Background And Aims: Transdermal buprenorphine patch (TDB) is increasingly used for chronic pain management because of non-invasive dosing, longer duration of action and minimal side effects. However its role in acute post-operative pain management for spinal instrumentation surgery is not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine patch for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing spinal instrumentation surgery.

Assessment of Right Ventricular Function by Newer Imaging in Echocardiography in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: The aims of the study were to assess the right ventricular (RV) functions in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) with RV longitudinal strain (RVLS) in addition to conventional parameters, as well as its correlation with severity and prognosis in IPAH.

Methods: Twenty-two IPAH patients were followed up for 1 year. ANOVA and Gabriel's pairwise comparison tests were used for comparison of RVLS with respect to WHO functional class status.

Profile of Pediatric Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies from a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern India.

Objectives: To report data on Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) from eastern India.

Methods: All IIM patients diagnosed over the last 5 y (2011-2016) were included through a retrospective review of records from the hospital and specialty clinic at Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (I.P.