MMM - The molecular model of memory.

Identifying mechanisms underlying neurons ability to process information including acquisition, storage, and retrieval plays an important role in the understanding of the different types of memory, pathogenesis of many neurological diseases affecting memory and therapeutic target discovery. However, the traditional understanding of the mechanisms of memory associated with the electrical signals having a unique combination of frequency and amplitude does not answer the question how the memories can survive for life-long periods of time, while exposed to synaptic noise. Recent evidence suggests that, apart from neuronal circuits, a diversity of the molecular memory (MM) carriers, are essential for memory performance.

Rapid Improvement of the Performance Status and Reduction of the Tumor Size in KRAS-Mutated Colorectal Cancer Patient Receiving Binimetinib, Hydroxychloroquine, and Bevacizumab.

Activating RAS mutations occur in more than a half of colorectal cancers (CRCs). RAS-mutated CRCs are notoriously difficult to treat given that they are characterized by the aggressive disease course and the lack of appropriate targeted therapies. Recent preclinical studies demonstrated that RAS-mutated cells escape from therapeutic MEK inhibition by the development of autophagy, and this escape may be prevented by the administration of an antimalarial drug, hydroxychloroquine.

[Congenital seminal vesicle cysts in children].

The article reports two cases of seminal vesicle cysts with ipsilateral renal agenesis in children. The congenital nature of this condition, characteristic features of the clinical manifestation of seminal vesicle cysts makes it difficult to recognize this rare genitourinary disease. Using current methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment result in successful outcomes.

[Total epispadias of duplicated urethra in boys].

The article reports on two cases of the total epispadias of duplicated urethra with and without penile duplication. The authors describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Duplicated urethra with epispadias both with and without penile duplication must be removed.

On the issue of choosing psychodiagnostic methods of measuring and scoring of cognitive deficit in case of schizophrenia.

Rationale, Aims, And Objectives: The article is dedicated to the search of more accurate psychodiagnostic methods and methods of evaluation that can help to define the degree of manifestation of cognitive deficiency among patients suffering from various schizophrenic disorders. The notions of cognitive deficiency and cognitive profile are analysed; we understand them as the correlation between intact and damaged components of cognitive processes and their diagrammatic representation. The authors prove that it is essential to provide a detailed scale of cognitive deficiencies detectable in case of schizophrenic disorders and to design universal algorithms that could translate the results of traditional content analysis of cognitive disorders into quantitative indicators.

Results of an International Postmarketing Surveillance Study of pl-VEGF165 Safety and Efficacy in 210 Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Introduction: The effective treatment of chronic lower limb ischemia is one of the most challenging issues confronting vascular surgeons. Current pharmacological therapies play an auxiliary role and cannot prevent disease progression, and new treatment methods are needed. pl-VEGF165, a gene therapy drug, was approved in Russia for the treatment of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) after clinical studies in 2011.

[Current concepts on intrathecal humoral immune response and diagnostic importance of oligoclonal immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of probable autoimmune origin. In this review of literature, the authors present a constantly broadening list of potential antigens, including myelin and non-myelin structures, that cause the autoimmune reaction. Determination of antibodies to any antigen has not sufficient specificity and sensitivity for the use in routine laboratory practice.

Genomic characterization and assessment of the virulence and antibiotic resistance of the novel species Paenibacillus sp. strain VT-400, a potentially pathogenic bacterium in the oral cavity of patients with hematological malignancies.

Background: Paenibacillus sp. strain VT-400, a novel spore-forming bacterium, was isolated from patients with hematological malignancies.

Methods: Paenibacillus sp.

Vascular Prostheses Based on Nanofibers from Aliphatic Copolyamide.

Tubular grafts based on nanofibers of copolymer of ε-caprolactam and hexamethylendiaminadipate were obtained by the electrospinning method. The strength of materials based on the dry nanofibers was 6.2 MPa with elongation at break of 133%, or 7.

Draft Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter sp. Strain VT-511 Isolated from the Stomach of a Patient with Gastric Cancer.

We report the draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter sp. strain VT-511, which was obtained from the stomach of a patient with gastric cancer. The genome of Acinetobacter sp.

Adjuvant Erlotinib Versus Placebo in Patients With Stage IB-IIIA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (RADIANT): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Trial.

Purpose: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) -tyrosine kinase inhibitors have proven efficacy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesized that erlotinib would be efficacious in the adjuvant setting.

Patients And Methods: An international randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in patients with completely resected IB to IIIA NSCLC whose tumors expressed EGFR protein by immunohistochemistry or EGFR amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Complete Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus sp. Strain VT 400, Isolated from the Saliva of a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

We report here the complete genome sequence of spore-forming Paenibacillus sp. strain VT 400, isolated from the saliva of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The genome consists of 6,986,122 bp, with a G+C content of 45.

Vascularization of repaired limb bone defects using chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite as a tissue engineering bone scaffold.

Ensuring histocompatibility in the tissue engineering of bones is a complex issue. The aim of this study was to observe the feasibility of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite in repairing limb bone defects, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on osteogenesis. Beagle mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were divided into an experimental group that was cultured with an injectable form of chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate composite and a control group.

pCMV-vegf165 Intramuscular Gene Transfer is an Effective Method of Treatment for Patients With Chronic Lower Limb Ischemia.

Effective treatment of chronic lower limb ischemia is one of the most challenging issues confronting vascular surgeons. There are a number of choices available to the vascular surgeon. Open or endovascular revascularization is the treatment of choice when applicable.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Streptococcus sp. Strain VT 162, Isolated from the Saliva of Pediatric Oncohematology Patients.

Streptococcus sp. strain VT 162 was isolated from the saliva of pediatric oncohematology patients. Its full genome is 2,045,418 bp.

Effect of zinc chloride on picrotoxin-induced hyperkinesis depends on its concentration in solution injected into rat neostriatum.

The hyperkinekic effect (increase in spontaneous activity and development of choreomyoclonic hyperkinesis of the extremities and body) of picrotoxin injected into the rostral neostriatum of rats in a dose of 2 μg was reduced if the drug was injected together with ZnCl(2) in a concentration of 0.1 μg/μl. ZnCl(2) in a concentration of 1 μg/μl did not modulate the effects of picrotoxin, while in a concentration of 3 μg/μl it increased spontaneous motor activity in the open field test without affecting the symptoms of choreomyoclonic hyperkinesis.

The NMDA receptor channel blocker memantine and opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone inhibit the saccharin deprivation effect in rats.

Several drugs, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blockers (memantine), naltrexone (but not naloxone) and acamprosate, have previously been reported to attenuate the expression of the alcohol deprivation effect, a phenomenon seen as an increase in post-deprivation alcohol consumption. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of these drugs on the development and expression of the saccharin deprivation effect in adult male Wistar rats. Memantine (13 mg/kg per day) and naltrexone (5 mg/kg, twice daily), but not naloxone (24 mg/kg per day) or acamprosate (200 mg/kg, twice daily), prevented the increase in the consumption of saccharin after a 1-week deprivation from free-choice, unlimited access to saccharin (0.

Effects of NMDA receptor channel blockers, MK-801 and memantine, on locomotor activity and tolerance to delay of reward in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade enhances motor activity and stimulates dopamine metabolism, effects shared with classical psychostimulant drugs. The present study aimed to characterize behavioral effects of two NMDA receptor channel blockers, MK-801 and memantine, in both Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. In Experiment 1, SHR rats demonstrated higher spontaneous locomotor activity and spent more time in the central area of the open field apparatus compared with WKY rats.

Liquid chromatographic determination of total homocysteine in blood plasma with photometric detection.

A rapid and sensitive method for quantification of homocysteine total forms and glutathione levels in blood plasma via HPLC was developed. Dithiotreitol as a water soluble agent has been used as a reductant for both protein and nonprotein disulphides. Dithiotreitol reacts with the mixed disulphides under 60 degrees C treatment within 10 min.

Aspirin-sensitive asthma due to diffuse neuroendocrine system pathology.

Available clinical data on aspirin-sensitive asthma (ASA) indicate that ASA patients have certain disturbances in the nervous, endocrine, immune and other body systems. It has been found that such patients have a lower melatonin (MT) production in daytime, a pathology of the platelet membrane-receptor complex, and a pathological response to exogenic MT and acetylsalicylic acid. A hypothesis has been suggested in which ASA is considered as apudopathy caused by dysfunction of MT-producing cells.

Analgesic effect of olipiphate on mouse model of chemical stimulation of peritoneum.

We studied the analgesic effect of olipiphate, a product of lignin, against writhing provoked by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. Paracetamol was used as the reference drug. Both agents dose-dependently decreased the number of motor reactions caused by the irritant.

[Endothelium function in ischemia-reperfusion (a literature review)].

Endothelium was shown to be one of the most hypoxia-tolerant mammalian cell types and to be injured in ischemia to a lesser extent than other cells. Alteration in the endothelial function during hypoxia and ischemia protects the organs against ischemic injury. Postischemic reperfusion contributes to endothelial dysfunction and initiates the reperfusion injury.

Low-affinity NMDA receptor channel blockers inhibit acquisition of intravenous morphine self-administration in naive mice.

Experimental evidence suggests that NMDA receptor antagonists modulate behavioral effects of morphine in models assessing abuse potential of drugs. The present study sought to evaluate the ability of NMDA receptor channel blockers to affect the acquisition of morphine i.v.

[Optical model of Hunter-Schreger bands phenomenon in human dental enamel].

The comparative study of Hunter-Schreger bands patterns was performed in reflected light and under the illumination of enamel surface by He-Ne laser beam. In the absence of laser illumination the exterior of bands depends on direction of incident light. Under enamel surface laser illumination exterior of bands may coincide or not with patterns revealed in reflected light.