Updates on Intrinsic Medicinal Chemistry of 1,4-dihydropyridines, Perspectives on Synthesis and Pharmacokinetics of Novel 1,4-dihydropyrimidines as Calcium Channel Blockers: Clinical Pharmacology.

Background: Several chemical studies described the physiological efficacy of 1,4- dihydropyridines (DHPs). DHPs bind to specific sites on the α1 subunit of L-type calcium channels, where they demonstrate a more pronounced inhibition of Ca2+ influx in vascular smooth muscle compared to myocardial tissue. This selective inhibition is the basis for their preferential vasodilatory action on peripheral and coronary arteries, a characteristic that underlies their therapeutic utility in managing hypertension and angina.

Early noninvasive ventilation in general wards for acute respiratory failure: an international, multicentre, open-label, randomised trial.

Background: The impact of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) managed outside the intensive care unit in patients with early acute respiratory failure remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether adding early NIV prevents the progression to severe respiratory failure.

Methods: In this multinational, randomised, open-label controlled trial, adults with mild acute respiratory failure (arterial oxygen partial pressure/fraction of inspiratory oxygen [Pao/FiO] ratio ≥200) were enrolled across 11 hospitals in Italy, Greece, and Kazakhstan.

Laser speckle contrast imaging with principal component and entropy analysis: a novel approach for depth-independent blood flow assessment.

Current study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By combining LSCI and laser speckle entropy imaging with PCA filtering, the method effectively separates static and dynamic components of the speckle signal, significantly improving the accuracy of blood flow assessments, even in the presence of static scattering layers located above and below the vessel. Experiments conducted on optical phantoms, with the vessel depths ranging from 0.

Relationship between myocardial fibrosis and left bundle branch block. Does it exist?

Aim: to assess the relation of focal and diffuse left ventricular (LV) fibrosis to left bundle branch block (LBBB).

Materials And Methods: 60 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and LBBB (DCM-LBBB), 50 DCM-nonLBBB patients, 15 patients with LBBB and structurally normal heart (idiopathic LBBB) and 10 healthy volunteers (HV) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). LGE LV images were post-proceeded for core scar (CS) and gray zone (GZ) calculation.

Short-term outcomes of vessel-oriented D2 and D3 lymph node dissection for sigmoid colon cancer.

Background: Level of lymph nodes dissection (LND) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation is still matter of debate of radical resection of colorectal cancer. This study aims to compare the short-term outcome of three different surgical techniques to treat sigmoid cancer: low ligation (LL) of the IMA with D3-LND, low IMA ligation with D2-LND, and high ligation (HL) of the IMA with D3-LND.

Methods: Patients affected by sigmoid colon cancer, who underwent radical resection with three different techniques (LL and D3-LND Group A, HL and D3-LND Group B, and LL with D2 LND- Group C), were included.

[Main directions in corneal nerve fibers research].

This lecture-format review presents a summary of methods for assessing the condition of corneal nerve fibers (CNF), their clinical significance, and an overview of their anatomy and physiology. It briefly analyzes the structural and functional characteristics of CNF in various ocular diseases, following eye surgeries, and in patients with systemic diseases accompanied by systemic polyneuropathy. The article describes in detail the management algorithm that involves a comprehensive analysis of CNF and Langerhans inflammatory cells, identifies the at-risk groups for developing structural nerve impairments, and outlines the main criteria for CNF assessment.

[Combined approach to cataract surgery in keratoconus].

Preparation for cataract surgery in patients with keratoconus (KC) is associated with particular challenges: calculating the optical power of the intraocular lens (IOL), selecting the appropriate IOL model, and considering additional interventions aimed at stabilizing KC and reducing irregular astigmatism. This article presents a fundamentally new approach to combined treatment of KC with cataract, consisting of two stages: first, performing bandage therapeutic-optical keratoplasty (BTOK), followed by cataract phacoemulsification as the second stage.

[Retinopathy associated with thrombotic microangiopathy of mixed origin (case report)].

This article presents a clinical case of ocular thrombotic microangiopathy of mixed origin (antiphospholipid syndrome, malignant arterial hypertension, multigenic thrombophilia). Multimodal imaging of the fundus provides a detailed assessment of its structures. Pathological changes in the choroid, the "retinal pigment epithelium - Bruch's membrane" complex, and the neurosensory retina, identified using fundus photography, short-wavelength autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography, are described as nonspecific in nature.

[Indirect comparison of anti-angiogenic agents in the treatment of diabetic macular edema].

Unlabelled: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among diabetic patients, its prevalence is continuing to increase worldwide. Faricimab, a bispecific antibody, represents a new generation of treatments for DME.

Purpose: This study presents an indirect comparison of the effectiveness and safety of faricimab versus other treatment options for DME.

[Potential of ultrasonography in determination of orbital inflammation activity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis].

Purpose: This study investigates the capabilities of ultrasonography (US) in determing the stage of orbital inflammation in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).

Material And Methods: The study included 24 patients (8 men and 16 women) with diffuse orbital tissue involvement in GPA. Group 1 (active stage) included nine patients, while group 2 (inactive stage) consisted of 18 patients.

[Selective assessment of biomechanical properties of the lens capsule].

Unlabelled: The scientific and practical interest in studying the biomechanical characteristics of the lens capsule, on the one hand, is associated with its anatomical significance in modern microinvasive phaco surgery, and on the other hand, with investigation of the mechanisms of lens curvature changes during accommodation. Selective study of the biomechanical properties of the lens capsule aims to identify characteristics of various regions and surfaces of the capsule.

Purpose: This study is a comparative analysis of age-related changes in the biomechanical properties of the anterior (AC) and posterior (PC) lens capsules in humans.

Nanopore Data-Driven T2T Genome Assemblies of Strains.

is a pathogenic fungus that infects flax and causes significant yield losses. In this study, we assembled the genomes of four highly virulent strains using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT, R10.4.

Analysis of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Various Histological Subtypes of Adrenocortical Cancer.

Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare malignant neoplasm originating from the adrenal cortex, presenting limited therapeutic options. An avenue for improving therapeutic efficacy may involve a deeper understanding of the role of adrenocortical stem/progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of this disease. Although existing data suggest stem/progenitor characteristics in certain cell populations within ACC, the challenge remains to identify adrenocortical stem cell markers directly involved in its carcinogenesis.

The Efficacy of Er:YAG Laser in the Extraction of Impacted Third Molars: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

: Impacted third molar extraction with a scalpel and rotary instruments is one of the most traumatic surgeries in dentistry. Therefore, it is necessary to discover less traumatic methods and instruments to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. : This study is reported in accordance with the CONSORT guidelines.

Prospects for the development of the electronic prescription system in the conditions of the modern pharmaceutical market of Russia.

Background: This research aims to assess the level of awareness and readiness for the utilization of Electronic Prescription System (EPS) among medical professionals and patients, as well as to identify their opinions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of this system.

Methods: The study was conducted in Russia among 423 respondents, including medical professionals and patients, with an average age of 40 years.

Results: The awareness of EPS among medical professionals (20%) and patients (45.

Chaperones vs. oxidative stress in the pathobiology of ischemic stroke.

As many proteins prioritize functionality over constancy of structure, a proteome is the shortest stave in the Liebig's barrel of cell sustainability. In this regard, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes possess abundant machinery supporting the quality of the proteome in healthy and stressful conditions. This machinery, namely chaperones, assists in folding, refolding, and the utilization of client proteins.

Targeting inerleukin-6 for renoprotection.

Sterile inflammation has been increasingly recognized as a hallmark of non-infectious kidney diseases. Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in injured kidney tissue promotes infiltration of immune cells serving to clear cell debris and facilitate tissue repair. However, excessive or prolonged inflammatory response has been associated with immune-mediated tissue damage, nephron loss, and development of renal fibrosis.

Biomarkers of success of anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer derived from RNA- and whole-exome sequencing: results of a prospective observational study on a cohort of 85 patients.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment have shown high efficacy for about 15 cancer types. However, this therapy is only effective in 20-30% of cancer patients. Thus, the precise biomarkers of ICI response are an urgent need.

[Recommendations for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis (literature review)].

Unlabelled: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem, CKD is widespread in the world, on average it is detected in 10-13% of the adult population. Sedentary patients with CKD on dialysis have a higher risk of mortality. Despite the significant association of physical function with mortality in patients with CKD, physical function is not routinely assessed and exercise is not a component of the routine management of patients with CKD on dialysis.

[Effect of low-intensity laser-therapy in the correction of encephalopathy in obstructive jaundice].

Unlabelled: Hepatic encephalopathy is an early and severe complication of obstructive jaundice and is characterized by occurrence of non-focal and focal neurological manifestations. Different methods of therapy are applied for disorder correction. Low-intensity laser blood irradiation has a pronounced antioxidant and vasoactive effect.

[Experience of forensic expertise in arbitration proceeding. (Case from practice)].

The article presents an experience of organization and production of comprehensive forensic expertises in the framework of arbitration proceeding on claims of medical organization to insurance medical companies concerning the amount of payment for the rendered health care in the field of «ophthalmology» with patients' admission to round-the-clock inpatient hospital. The methodology and algorithm of forensic expertise production after earlier conducted examinations of health care quality on case materials and original medical records of hospital patients are provided.

Reduced-port laparoscopic right colonic resection with D3 lymph node dissection and transvaginal specimen extraction (NOSES VIIIa) for right colon cancer: clinical features.

Background: Reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) uses the minimum possible number of ports or small-sized ports in laparoscopic surgery. The combination of RPLS and natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) minimizes the procedural damage.

Methods: A total of 17 patients diagnosed with right colon cancer were included: 5 patients in the RPLS + NOSE group and 12 patients in the conventional laparoscopic surgery (CL) + mini-laparotomy (ML) group.

Intracranial Castleman's Disease Mimicking Dural-based Pathologies: A Case Report.

Background: Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, with intracranial involvement being exceedingly rare. Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is typically benign and localized, but its presentation can mimic other intracranial pathologies, complicating diagnosis.

Case Description: We reported a 52-year-old woman who presented with progressive headaches and language disturbances.