Utility of Cranial Ultrasound to Investigate Brain Injury in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Background: With increasing availability of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in high-income countries, cranial ultrasound (cUS) is used less frequently to evaluate infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This study aimed to correlate findings of brain injury on early postnatal cUS with brain injury on neonatal brain MRI performed as part of routine clinical care for near-term and term infants with moderate to severe HIE.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study comparing early postnatal cUS and later neonatal brain MRI using scoring systems with prognostic validity to assess brain injury in near-term/term infants with moderate or severe HIE.

Cerebrovascular-Specific Extracellular Matrix Bioink Promotes Blood-Brain Barrier Properties.

Chronic neuroinflammation is a principal cause of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The blood-brain barrier predominantly comprises endothelial cells, and their intercellular communication with pericytes and other cell types regulates neuroinflammation. Here, we develop a tubular, perfusable model of human cerebrovascular tissues to study neurodegenerative diseases using cerebrovascular-specific extracellular matrix bioink, derived from a complementary blend of brain- and blood-vessel-derived extracellular matrices.

Impact of peripheral immune cells in experimental neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) contributes to increased neuroinflammation and brain injury. However, the specific roles of different immune cell types in neonatal brain injury remain poorly understood. Although existing evidence suggests a potential role for sexual dimorphism in HI outcomes, this aspect has been insufficiently investigated.

Predictors of Death or Severe Impairment in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Importance: Outcomes after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are variable. Predicting death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in affected neonates is crucial for guiding management and parent communication.

Objective: To predict death or severe NDI in neonates who receive hypothermia for HIE.

Updated information on neuro-prognosticative tools to predict outcomes for patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy induced by cardiac arrest.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), caused by cardiac arrest (CA) is a refractory condition in clinical settings. The clinician and family members have to make a hard decision: continue expensive life-sustaining therapy or withdraw the expensive intervention. The core problem lies in "whether this patient can still be awakened and achieve neurological recovery".

Cerebral magnetic resonance spectroscopy - insights into preterm brain injury.

Objective: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) may provide clinically relevant data regarding metabolic processes that govern the course of preterm brain injury.

Study Design: 46 very preterm infants (VP) were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and H-MRS at term-equivalent age. Brain injury was assessed according to the Kidokoro scale.

Role of pentoxifylline in neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: a systematic review of animal studies.

We systematically reviewed the evidence from animal studies assessing the effects of pentoxifylline on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The PubMed, EMBASE, EMCARE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched for randomized and quasi randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in December 2023 to determine the effects of pentoxifylline in animal models of HIE. The quality of the included studies was assessed via the SYRCLE risk of bias (ROB) tool.

Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Lacosamide in a Premature Infant with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Case Report.

Lacosamide (Vimpat Harris FRC Corporation, 2022 UCB, Inc. Smyrna, GA 30080) is an antiseizure medication, which acts through blockage of voltage-gated neuronal sodium channels. Its recent implementation in the neonatal population has been extrapolated from adult and pediatric data suggesting a favorable safety profile.

Raloxifene Protects Oxygen-Glucose-Deprived Astrocyte Cells Used to Mimic Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a clinical condition characterized by oxygen supply suspension before, during, or immediately after birth, and it is an important risk factor for neurodevelopmental damage. Its estimated 1/1000 live births incidence in developed countries rises to 5-10-fold in developing countries. Schizophrenia, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, epilepsy, blindness, and others are among the highly disabling chronic pathologies associated with PA.

The Importance of Including Maternal Immune Activation in Animal Models of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a perinatal brain injury that is the leading cause of cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and poor cognitive outcomes in children born at term, occurring in about 1.5 out of 1000 births. The only proven therapy for HIE is therapeutic hypothermia.

In-Hospital Outcomes of Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Receiving Sedation-Analgesia during Therapeutic Hypothermia.

Objective:  This study aimed to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) severity scores and in-hospital outcomes among neonates with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with and without exposure to sedation-analgesia (SA) during therapeutic hypothermia (TH).

Study Design:  A single-center, retrospective cohort study of neonates with perinatal HIE undergoing TH between January 2010 and December 2020. Demographics, clinical characteristics, MRI scores, and in-hospital outcomes were compared between patients without SA exposure and those with SA use.

Perinatal outcomes after selective third-trimester ultrasound screening for small-for-gestational age: prospective cohort study nested within DESiGN randomized controlled trial.

Objective: In screening for small-for-gestational age (SGA) using third-trimester antenatal ultrasound, there are concerns about the low detection rates and potential for harm caused by both false-negative and false-positive screening results. Using a selective third-trimester ultrasound screening program, this study aimed to investigate the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes among cases with (i) false-negative compared with true-positive SGA diagnosis and (ii) false-positive compared with true-negative SGA diagnosis.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was nested within the UK-based DESiGN trial, a prospective multicenter cohort study of singleton pregnancies without antenatally detected fetal anomalies, born at > 24 + 0 to < 43 + 0 weeks' gestation.