The severity and outcome of Covid-19 depend on the various activities of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, level of the opioid growth factor, [met5]-enkephalin and pre-existing comorbidities.

Objective: Aim: The aim of the study was evaluation of the methionine-enkephalin in patients with severe COVID-19 with various activities of the renin-aldosterone system in comparison with COVID-19 patients with pre-existing comorbidities (renal cell cancer, critical limb ischemia) and adverse pregnancy outcomes..

Patients And Methods: Materials and Methods: To test our hypothesis, this case-control study consisted of 20 healthy donors (control group); 49 patients with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 according to PCR analysis; 15 patients with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 in combination with renal cell cancer; 29 patients with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 in combination with critical limb ischemia, 10 pregnant womens with COVID-19.

Leigh Syndrome Caused by Compound Heterozygous Variants c.1162A_C and c.1138G_C in the NDUFV1 Gene: A Case Report.

Early-onset Leigh syndrome is usually a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, severe, rapidly progressive mitochondrial disorder with a fatal outcome. Leigh syndrome is genetically heterogeneous as it is based on mutations in mtDNA or nDNA genes, which mostly encode subunits of respiratory chain complexes or assembly factors. It is phenotypically heterogeneous because it is genetically heterogeneous and due to the peculiarities of mitochondrial genetics.

Non-canonical Wnt signaling triggered by WNT2B drives adrenal aldosterone production.

The steroid hormone aldosterone, produced by the zona glomerulosa (zG) of the adrenal gland, is a master regulator of plasma electrolytes and blood pressure. While aldosterone control by the renin-angiotensin system is well understood, other key regulatory factors have remained elusive. Here, we replicated a prior association between a non-coding variant in and an increased risk of primary aldosteronism, a prevalent and debilitating disease caused by excessive aldosterone production.

Hypoaldosteronism due to a novel SEC61A1 variant successfully treated with fludrocortisone.

Background: Genetic variants in are associated with autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease. SEC61A1 is a translocon in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and variants affect biosynthesis of renin and uromodulin.

Methods: A patient is described that presented at 1 year of age with failure-to-thrive, kidney failure (glomerular filtration rate, GFR, 18 ml/min/1.

Transient secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in infants with urinary tract infections: systematic literature review.

Unlabelled: Infants with a congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract sometimes present with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis due to under-responsiveness to aldosterone, hereafter referred to as secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism. The purpose of this report is to investigate pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in infant urinary tract infection. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines after PROSPERO (CRD42022364210) registration.

Hyponatremia in babies: a 11-year single-center study.

Introduction: Hyponatremia is one of the most prevalent water-electrolyte disturbances encountered in clinical practice in pediatrics and can arise from various conditions. However, there are limited reports on hyponatremia in hospitalized infants. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the incidence, etiologies, and clinical characteristics of hyponatremia in hospitalized babies (from birth to 3 years old) at a tertiary hospital.

Calcineurin inhibitor-related hyperkalemia is caused by hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and fludrocortisone is an effective treatment: Report of a case series and review of the literature.

Introduction: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are widely used in transplantation. Although CNI-related hyperkalemia is common (10%-60.6%), the underlying pathogenetic mechanism is not well-elucidated and may lead to dose adjustment or treatment withdrawal.

Long-lasting hypoaldosteronism after adrenalectomy in a cat with hyperaldosteronism.

Case Summary: A 10-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented with an abdominal mass, associated renal failure, chronic vomiting, anorexia and progressive polyuria/polydipsia lasting for 3 weeks. Clinical examination and initial blood work revealed azotaemia, hypokalaemia and hypertension. Abdominal ultrasound showed an adrenal mass with a diameter of 3 cm near the right kidney.

Contralateral Suppression in Adrenal Venous Sampling Predicts Clinical and Biochemical Outcome in Primary Aldosteronism.

Context: The role of hormone parameters at adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in predicting clinical and biochemical outcomes remains controversial.

Objective: To investigate the impact of hormone parameters at AVS under cosyntropin stimulation on lateralization and on complete biochemical and clinical outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 150 sequential AVS under cosyntropin infusion.

Variables Associated With Hyperkalemic Renal Tubular Acidosis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Introduction: The occurrence of hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in the post-transplantation period is likely underestimated, and its identification remains important to offer adequate medical management. Transplant recipients frequently present with clinical and biological characteristics that may be associated with the occurrence of this complication.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study that compared transplanted patients with hyperkalemic RTA and a control group to identify variables associated with the occurrence of this complication.

Isolated hypoaldosteronism is a cause of hypovolemic but not euvolemic hyponatremia.

Introduction: Hypoaldosteronism is characterized by hyperkalemia, and/or hypovolemic hyponatremia (HH), often accompanied by metabolic acidosis. HH is typical of hypoaldosteronism, whereas euvolemic hyponatremia (EH) is not. The purpose of the current study is to describe the characteristics of hyponatremia in hypoaldosteronism and elucidate whether EH can be considered part of the disease's spectrum.

Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency: the changing landscape of an eponymous syndrome.

Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency encompasses a broad spectrum of monogenic recessive disorders that theoretically solely abrogate cortisol biosynthesis. In reality, delineating clear genotype-phenotype correlations in this disorder is made complicated by marked phenotypic heterogeneity even within kindreds harbouring identical variants. Phenotypes range from isolated glucocorticoid insufficiency to cortisol deficiency plus a variety of superimposed features including salt-wasting and hypoaldosteronism, primary hypothyroidism, hypogonadism and growth defects.

Renal Function Evolution and Hypoaldosteronism Risk After Unilateral Adrenalectomy for Primary Aldosteronism.

Few studies demonstrated a percentage decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at a single time and the rate of hypoaldosteronism after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism (PA). Our aim was to investigate the evolution of renal function and the hypoaldosteronism risk after adrenalectomy for PA. Aldosterone, renin, eGFR, and electrolyte levels were determined before and at 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months after unilateral adrenalectomy in 94 PA patients (40 men and 54 women).

Heparin-induced hyperkalemia, can LMWH cause hyperkalemia? A systematic review.

Hyperkalemia, an elevated blood potassium concentration exceeding 5.0 mEq/L, is associated with adverse outcomes and is frequently observed in hospitalized patients. Drug-induced hyperkalemia accounts for a significant proportion of cases, with heparin, commonly used for venous thrombosis prevention, suspected to contribute, though less recognized than other heparin-related side effects.

When the Going Gets Tough: A Case Report and Review of Calcinosis Cutis in an Infant with Pseudo-Hypoaldosteronism.

Calcium gluconate solutions are an essential part of the intensive care medication armamentarium. Calcium-related extravasations are not an infrequent occurrence. However, occult extravasation presenting solely as an isolated mass lesion with no preceding cutaneous manifestation is rare.

Congenital hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism: A case report.

Congenital hypoaldosteronism is a rare autosomal recessive or dominant endocrinopathy with variable penetrance, secondary to primary defects in aldosterone synthesis that could lead to hypovolemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, failure to thrive, microcephaly, seizures, neurodevelopmental delay, or hearing loss. We present the case of a Colombian patient with congenital hypoaldosteronism, who owns two variants in the gene, and a heterozygous pathogenic variant for nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. However, the patient missed follow-up and treatment for 6 years.

Evaluating renin and aldosterone levels in children with organic acidemia-therapeutic experience with fludrocortisone.

Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism has been reported in only a few cases with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and has been attributed to the renal involvement. This study aims to investigate renin-aldosterone levels along with the renal functions of the patients with organic acidemia. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in patients with MMA, propionic acidemia (PA), and isovaleric acidemia (IVA).

Salivary Cortisol Response to ACTH Stimulation Is a Reliable Alternative to Serum Cortisol in Evaluating Hypoadrenalism.

Context: The serum total cortisol response to the ACTH stimulation test is widely used to assess adrenocortical function but is affected by changes in cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) concentration. Salivary cortisol reflects free cortisol concentrations and may offer a reliable alternative.

Objectives: (1) To establish the salivary cortisol response to ACTH stimulation in healthy volunteers and patients with altered CBG concentrations; (2) to evaluate the performance of a lower reference limit (LRL) determined in healthy volunteers in patients with suspected hypoadrenalism (SH-patients).

Role of NCC in the pathophysiology of hypertension in primary aldosteronism.

Purpose Of Review: An increasing amount of evidence points out to a role for the thiazide-sensitive Na+:Cl- cotransporter, NCC, in the blood pressure alterations observed in conditions of pathologically high or pathologically low aldosterone. Here, we briefly review this evidence that is changing our perception of the pathophysiology of primary aldosteronism.

Recent Findings: Although initially NCC was thought to be a direct target of aldosterone, more recent evidence suggests that NCC is only indirectly regulated by aldosterone, at least in a chronic setting.