1,336 results match your criteria: "Hypopituitarism Panhypopituitarism"

Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated multisystem condition of unknown etiology, characterized by non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. While it commonly affects the lungs and the reticuloendothelial system, it can affect any organ. Most of such cases involve the central nervous system, but the condition rarely presents with symptoms related to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.

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Pituicytoma is a rare low degree tumor that arises from pituicytes in the infundibulum and posterior pituitary gland. As they do not have characteristic radiological features, they can be misdiagnosed as pituitary adenoma, meningioma, or craniopharyngioma. Clinically, patients can present with hormonal disturbances, headaches and visual field defects.

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Background: Hypopituitarism may trigger the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) through multiple mechanisms. AP may alter normal intracardiac conduction leading to an atrioventricular block. Due to the lack of similar cases, the correct timing and indication for pacemaker implantation in such a setting are unknown.

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Hypopituitarism is a clinical syndrome that occurs when the anterior pituitary gland fails to secrete one or more hormones. Developmental delay is frequently seen in these patients. However, skeletal deformities and postural instability are unexceptional.

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Introduction: Rapid correction of hyponatremia can result in osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS). Sheehan's syndrome, a rare pituitary disorder caused by severe postpartum hemorrhage, is a potential cause of chronic hyponatremia. This case report describes a rare progression of extrapontine myelinolysis to central pontine myelinolysis, ultimately leading to ODS, following the correction of chronic hyponatremia associated with Sheehan's syndrome.

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Childhood-onset craniopharyngiomas, though rare, are intracranial malformations that can cause obesity by disrupting the hypothalamus, a condition that often persists even after tumor resection. This severe obesity increases the risk of diabetes and fatty liver disease in childhood. Concurrently, panhypopituitarism, including growth hormone (GH) deficiency, may develop.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The study highlights three patients with metastatic pituitary lesions linked to primary cancers of the breast, lung, and kidney, all of whom had surgical treatment at an endocrinology research center.
  • * Symptoms included panhypopituitarism and chiasmal syndrome, with varying outcomes; two patients experienced disease progression while one maintained a stable condition after surgery.
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  • Myxedema coma often involves reduced consciousness and low body temperature, potentially linked to thyroid issues, especially in patients with head trauma and central hormone deficiencies.
  • A 52-year-old man with head trauma exhibited symptoms like drowsiness and hypotension, with initial tests showing normal TSH levels but low ACTH and FT4, and his condition worsened before improving with medication.
  • The case highlights the importance of assessing both TSH and FT4 levels for diagnosing central hypothyroidism, as relying solely on TSH might lead to overlooked conditions in patients showing hormone deficiency symptoms post-trauma.
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Endocrine sequelae after pediatric craniopharyngioma treatment: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

November 2024

Department of Pediatrics, Section Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Objectives: Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are rare brain tumors with a low mortality rate, but with significant morbidity, in part due to the various long-term endocrine sequelae related to hypothalamic/pituitary deficiencies. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of endocrine dysfunction and outcome after treatment of CP at our institution and to apply the novel diagnostic criteria for hypothalamic syndrome (HS). In addition, we give an overview of treatments already attempted for hypothalamic obesity (HO).

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Article Synopsis
  • - A 25-year-old woman with type II diabetes experienced severe nausea and vomiting, along with significant weight loss over 5 weeks, despite normal vital signs and extensive gastrointestinal testing.
  • - Further investigation revealed panhypopituitarism, a rare condition causing deficiencies in multiple pituitary hormones, particularly adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol, which were linked to her symptoms.
  • - After starting treatment for panhypopituitarism, her symptoms resolved within 24 hours, underscoring the importance of thorough medical history and examination in diagnosing rare conditions.
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  • - Hypopituitarism is a rare condition characterized by the absence of pituitary hormones, often caused by tumors or other masses, and diagnosed using MRI; intrasellar aneurysms are an uncommon cause, accounting for about 0.17% of cases.
  • - A case study of a 72-year-old man highlights the connection between gastrointestinal issues and hypopituitarism, where he was found to have an unruptured internal carotid artery aneurysm, leading to panhypopituitarism.
  • - After a stent-assisted coil embolization to treat the aneurysm and hormonal therapy, the patient showed no improvement in pituitary function after one year, emphasizing that hypopituitarism can persist
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The molecular basis of hypoprolactinaemia.

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

December 2024

Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, UK.

Hypoprolactinaemia is an endocrinopathy which is typically encountered as part of a combined pituitary hormone deficiency picture. The vast majority of genetic causes identified to date have been in the context of congenital hypopituitarism with multiple co-existent endocrinopathies. This is primarily with its closest hormonal relation, namely growth hormone.

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Case Report: IgG4-Related Disease Presenting With Isolated Hypophysitis.

AACE Clin Case Rep

July 2024

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Article Synopsis
  • IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune condition that can affect multiple organs, including the pituitary gland, and can present as hypophysitis, which may mimic more severe issues like pituitary apoplexy.
  • A 49-year-old woman experienced symptoms such as abdominal pain and low cortisol levels, leading to imaging that revealed a pituitary macroadenoma; however, surgery revealed the condition to be IgG4-related hypophysitis, not a tumor.
  • Diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-RH involve imaging studies, blood tests, and histopathology, with glucocorticoids and hormone replacements being the primary therapies, emphasizing the need for awareness of this condition in
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  • * Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is emerging as a potential treatment for patients with recurrent or leftover NFPAs, but more research is needed to fully understand its long-term effects.
  • * A systematic review of 24 studies with nearly 3,800 patients found that SRS had a high success rate (approximately 92.3% tumor control) but also showed risks for hormonal deficiencies and visual field problems, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring after treatment. *
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  • Intracranial seminoma is a rare type of cancer that starts in special cells in the brain, often found in the pineal or pituitary gland.
  • A 20-year-old patient had headaches and vision problems and was diagnosed with this cancer after an MRI showed issues with his pituitary stalk.
  • He had surgery to remove the tumor and received treatment, but it came back a year later, leading to another surgery and ongoing treatments, although he still faces some health challenges.
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  • Sheehan syndrome happens when a part of the pituitary gland gets damaged after a woman has heavy bleeding after giving birth.
  • Symptoms can include not being able to produce milk and missing periods, and sometimes it can become serious if there are other health issues, like with adrenal glands.
  • In a case study, a 45-year-old woman got very sick with a dengue infection and was diagnosed with Sheehan syndrome, which led to her needing hormone treatment to feel better.
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The Snell dwarf mouse (Pit1), an animal model of congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency, displays skeletal muscle weakness. While enhanced responsivity to repeated exposures of muscle contractions have been documented for Snell dwarf mice, the response following single exposure to distinct contraction protocols remained uncharacterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle recovery of Snell dwarf and control littermate mice following a single exposure to two separate protocols-an intermittent slow velocity (30°/s) contraction protocol or a continuous rapid velocity (500°/s) contraction protocol.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A case study of a 55-year-old woman is presented, who experienced vision problems due to a mass near her hypothalamus, which was diagnosed as LCH after some initial confusion, and was treated with steroids and radiation therapy.
  • * The study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of LCH, especially when it affects the hypothalamic-pituitary region, to avoid severe and lasting health complications, and calls for more research to create better treatment guidelines. *
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A middle-aged woman presented with history of fatigue, low mood, swelling of limbs, and facial puffiness. On detailed history taking, she also complained of salt craving, secondary amenorrhea, and loss of libido for almost a decade. Investigations revealed pan-hypopituitarism.

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Somapacitan-induced reversible lipoatrophy in an adult woman with hypopituitarism.

Pituitary

October 2024

Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia.

Article Synopsis
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Metastasis to the pituitary gland is a very rare occurrence. The most common primary cancer that metastasizes to the pituitary are breast cancer and lung cancer. Most of the pituitary metastases are asymptomatic.

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Neurosarcoidosis With Panhypopituitarism: Two Cases and Literature Review.

JCEM Case Rep

August 2024

Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.

Neurosarcoidosis (NS) with hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) involvement (HP-NS) is a rare clinical condition, conferring variable hormonal deficits that are typically irreversible. Here, we present 2 cases of NS with panhypopituitarism. The first patient presented with cauda equina syndrome and arginine vasopressin deficiency, while the second developed recurrent optic neuritis and vision loss in the setting of a sellar mass.

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Sheehan's syndrome presenting with panhypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus: a case report.

BMC Endocr Disord

July 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.

Background: Sheehan's syndrome is a rare condition, which is classically characterized by anterior pituitary hypofunction following postpartum shock or hemorrhage. While diabetes insipidus (DI) is not commonly associated with Sheehan's syndrome, we present a rare case of a multiparous female developing rapid-onset panhypopituitarism and DI following severe postpartum hemorrhage.

Case Presentation: A previously healthy 39-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 4, presented with hypovolemic shock after vaginal delivery, attributed to severe postpartum hemorrhage, necessitating emergent hysterectomy.

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Article Synopsis
  • Sheehan's syndrome is a condition that can happen after a woman has a lot of bleeding after giving birth, which causes problems with important hormones in the body.
  • In a case studied, a woman was often weak and had fevers, and doctors found out she had a lack of certain hormones along with a bleeding problem due to a factor XI deficiency in her blood.
  • This case is special because it shows for the first time that factor XI deficiency might be connected to developing Sheehan's syndrome after having too much bleeding.
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Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency in -Knockout Zebrafish.

Int J Mol Sci

July 2024

School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.

Article Synopsis
  • *Research using a zebrafish model with LHX4 knockout shows that these fish have reduced expression of key pituitary hormones, survive to adulthood despite size reduction, and show fertility differences between males and females.
  • *This zebrafish model provides a valuable tool for studying the effects of LHX4 mutations, similar to those seen in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD).*
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