ROS and calcium signaling are critical determinant of skin pigmentation.

Pigmentation is a protective phenomenon that shields skin cells from UV-induced DNA damage. Perturbations in pigmentation pathways predispose to skin cancers and lead to pigmentary disorders. These ailments impart psychological trauma and severely affect the patients' quality of life.

Repigmentation in non-segmental vitiligo using the Janus kinase inhibitor upadacitinib, a retrospective case series.

Vitiligo is the most frequently diagnosed depigmentation disease, affecting nearly 0.5-2% of individuals worldwide. This disorder is characterized by melanocyte loss, which results in skin and hair depigmentation.

Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of an oculocutaneous albinism patient: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Oculocutaneous albinism is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by congenital melanin deficiency, resulting in hypopigmentation of the eyes, hair, and skin. This study included a Chinese family with an oculocutaneous albinism pedigree, in which the proband presented with oculocutaneous albinismcombined with secondary angle closure, which has been rarely reported in previous literature. This article primarily focused on the clinical and genetic examination results of this patient and provided recommendations for ophthalmologist to treat patients with oculocutaneous albinism in clinical practice.

Melasma management in primary care.

Background: Melasma, a condition characterised by hyperpigmented patches on the face, is one of the common skin conditions in women seeking treatment from primary care practitioners (PCPs). Several treatment modalities are available for PCPs as well as dermatologists. Each treatment option has its pros and cons, including accessibility and cost.

Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Umbelliferone: In Vitro and Clinical Studies.

Melanin overexpression causes skin hyperpigmentation, which is associated with various skin disorders and cosmetic concerns. Umbelliferone, a natural coumarin found widely in plant species, has been noted for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects but has received little attention for its impact on melanogenesis. Here, the effects of umbelliferone on melanogenesis were investigated in vitro and in clinical studies.

Unveiling the Colors of Mustelids: A Historical Review on the Emergence of Chromatic Disorders and Their Ecological Effects in Mustelids Worldwide with Report of the First Case of Erythrism in Eira barbara (Carnivora, Mustelidae).

Mustelidae is the largest and most diverse family within the order Carnivora, encompasses 65 species and 22 genera, and is widely distributed around the world. Mustelids exhibit a multiplicity of coloration patterns, ranging from darker tones, such as black and brown, to lighter tones, such as pale yellow and white. Anomalous colorations in wild mustelids are occasionally reported, but these records are still poorly discussed in the scientific literature and are often subject to misidentification and/or incorrect terminology.

Addressing the cardiovascular implications of acanthosis nigricans: what a dermatologist needs to know.

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a dermatologic skin condition that is often overlooked in its role as an indicator of underlying cardiovascular disorders. Recognizing the importance of AN beyond its cosmetic concerns is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Objective: Provide a review of AN and what every dermatologist should know of its underlying cardiovascular risk.

Efficacy and safety of cysteamine 5% cream for the management of melasma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Currently, hydroquinone serves as topical treatment of choice for melasma. However, its long-term use was associated with melanocyte toxicity. Cysteamine is an aminothiol that possesses antioxidant and depigmenting properties, therefore potentially suitable for treating melasma.

Yellow nail syndrome linked to a mediastinal lipoma: a case report.

Background: Yellow nail syndrome is characterized by a yellow discoloration of the nails, respiratory symptoms, and lymphedema. It was first described in 1964 and has an estimated prevalence of less than 1:1.000.

Identification of novel variants of and genes in xeroderma pigmentosum patients in Vietnam.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) disorder is recognized as a genetic condition inherited by autosomal recessive fashion. XP results from a defective DNA repair mechanism that significantly increases skin cancer risk. Fifteen Vietnamese patients were investigated with typical clinical manifestations of XP.

Assessment and Validity of Trichoscopy for Eyebrow Involvement in Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Few publications are available on eyebrow trichoscopy in patients with alopecia areata and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA).

Objective: To investigate the validity of using trichoscopy to examine eyebrow involvement in patients with lichen planopilaris (LPP) and FFA.

Methods: In this case-control study, 109 patients with eyebrow involvement in LPP and FFA (cases) and with acquired hair disorders of the eyebrows (controls) were included.

Association of herpes simplex virus infection and vitiligo: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Background: Several studies have proposed viral infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) as a probable cause of vitiligo. We aimed to examine the association between HSV infection and vitiligo.

Methods: We used the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan to perform a comparative analysis of the study population with or without a diagnosis of HSV infection.

Addisonian Pigmentation - The Great Mimicker - A Review.

Skin colour usually depends upon melanin, haemoglobin, and carotenoids. Pigmentary disorders indicate an increased amount of melanin, leading to a darker colour of the skin, called hypermelanosis. Addison's disease is a rare endocrinal disorder with severe oral and systemic manifestations.

Dermatological complications due to post‑COVID‑19 syndrome: A systematic review.

Almost 20% of patients affected by COVID-19 develop dermatological symptoms after recovery. This condition is termed as post-COVID-19 syndrome and is characterized by a state of hyperinflammation, as well as deregulations in the humoral response of CD8 T-cells. Since there is no specific treatment for these injuries, the treatment of choice depends on the symptoms; thus, it is essential to provide a description of the type and nature of the injuries presented.

Unraveling the causal associations between systemic cytokines and six inflammatory skin diseases.

Background: Previous observational studies have reported that systemic cytokines are associated with the risk of inflammatory skin diseases, but their conclusions remain controversial.

Method: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the relationship between systemic cytokines and six inflammatory skin disorders (including alopecia areata (AA), acne, atopic dermatitis (AD), hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), psoriasis (PS) and vitiligo), based on datasets from EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) eczema consortium, acne GWAS conducted by Maris Teder Laving et al., IEU Open GWAS, and FinnGen database.

A Novel Four-Step Regimen is Efficacious in Improving Uneven Skin Tone in Sensitive Skin Patients.

Background: The appearance of dull skin, uneven skin tone, dark spots, and hyperpigmentation is often bothersome, especially in individuals with darker skin tones. Management of skin dyschromia can be difficult. Several topical ingredients, such as niacinamide and vitamin C, are clinically proven to inhibit pigmentation formation and improve overall skin tone.