Epigenetic control of adaptive or homeostatic splicing during interval-training activities.

Interval-training activities induce adaptive cellular changes without altering their fundamental identity, but the precise underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that interval-training depolarization (ITD) of pituitary cells triggers distinct adaptive or homeostatic splicing responses of alternative exons. This occurs while preserving the steady-state expression of the Prolactin and other hormone genes.

[A case of primary central nervous system lymphoma of the sellar region presented with panhypopituitarism].

The patient is a 41-year-old woman. She presented with vomiting and lightheadedness, and blood tests showed a generalized decrease in pituitary hormones and hyperprolactinemia. A head MRI showed increased signal intensity lesions on FLAIR image in the pituitary stalk, corpus callosum, periventricular area of the fourth ventricle, and superior cerebellar peduncle.

Successful medical management of a pituitary macroadenoma with features of resistant acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia using pasireotide.

Background: The somatostatin analog, pasireotide, is used for the treatment of acromegaly after the failure of surgery and/or first-line medical treatment.

Case Presentation: A 48-year-old male reported that during a workup for obesity in his home country, hyperprolactinemia was diagnosed and a 3.5 × 3.

Sepiapterin Reductase Deficiency Misdiagnosed as Neurological Sequelae of Meningitis.

Introduction: Sepiapterin reductase deficiency (SRD) is an exceedingly rare neurotransmitter disease caused by an enzyme error involved in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). It has been described in nearly 60 cases so far. The clinical manifestations include motor and speech delay, axial hypotonia, dystonia, weakness, oculogyric crises, diurnal fluctuation, and improvement of symptoms during sleep.

Treatment of hyperprolactinemia in women: A Position Statement from the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (Febrasgo) and the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM).

Dopamine agonists are the first line of treatment for patients with symptomatic hyperprolactinemia due to prolactinomas and in those with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Treatment with these agents is effective in 80%-90% of the cases. Infertility treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia is also carried out with dopamine agonists, aiming for the normalization of prolactin levels.

Long-term use of clomiphene in male macroprolactinomas with persistent hypogonadism.

Background: Men with macroprolactinoma can present persistent hypogonadism despite normoprolactinemia achieved with clinical and/or neurosurgical treatment. Usually, testosterone replacement therapy is indicated. Nevertheless, although off-label, clomiphene citrate (CC), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has also been used, mainly when fertility is an issue.

Long-term outcome of surgically treated and conservatively managed Rathke cleft cysts.

Objective: Rathke cleft cysts (RCC) are benign lesions of the sellar region that require surgical treatment in case of visual deterioration or progression of the cyst. However, the natural course is often stable and asymptomatic. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with cyst progression during follow-up (FU) and to compare the natural history of patients with RCC with patients who underwent surgery.

Pituitary gland metastasis of breast cancer presenting as diabetes insipidus: A case report.

Metastasis to pituitary gland is a rare condition, and patients are usually asymptomatic. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is the most common presenting symptom, and breast cancer is the most common source of pituitary metastasis (PM). We report a case of PM of breast cancer presenting as DI.

Unveiling the spectrum: A cross-sectional exploration of hirsutism causes in women.

Background And Objective: Hirsutism is a common endocrine disorder and its etiology varies from benign and idiopathic disorders to serious malignant diseases. Hirsutism creates negative impact on quality of life and considerable effects on fertility. Our objective was to determine the various causes of hirsutism in women presenting at two endocrine clinics.

Macroprolactin over time: Is there any point in rechecking it in people with a persistently elevated serum prolactin?

Objective And Design: Macroprolactinemia may influence the interpretation of serum prolactin levels-a recognised phenomenon since 1981. The degree of macroprolactinaemia over time is less well described. We determined how macroprolactin status (based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation) varied by analysing serial measurements in hyperprolactinaemic individuals over a period of 9 years.

Suppressive Effects of Neuromedin U Receptor 2-Selective Peptide Agonists on Appetite and Prolactin Secretion in Mice.

Neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMUR2), which is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) including the hypothalamus, has been noted as a therapeutic target against obesity. We previously reported that intranasal administration of CPN-219, a NMUR2-selective hexapeptide agonist, suppresses body weight gain in mice; however, there is no detailed information regarding its CNS effects. Recently, in addition to appetite suppression, stress responses and regulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion have also attracted attention.

Treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is a common antipsychotic-induced adverse event in psychiatric patients, and the quality of clinical studies investigating the best treatments has varied. Thus, to better summarize the clinical evidence, we performed an umbrella review of overlapping systematic reviews and meta-analyses for the treatment of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia.

Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus and EMBASE were searched, and reviews and meta-analyses meeting our inclusion criteria were selected.

Assessment of Monitoring and Management Practices of Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia at a Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Hyperprolactinemia is a commonly underestimated adverse effect of antipsychotic medications. There are still no consensus guidelines for the optimal monitoring and treatment strategies.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the monitoring and treatment practices of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia, in addition to the prevalence and risk factors associated with it.

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) cooperates with melatonin to regulate the PRL expression via ErbB4/Erk signaling pathway as a potential prolactin (PRL) regulator.

Neuregulin-4 (Nrg4) and melatonin play vital roles in endocrine diseases. However, there is little discussion about the function and potential mechanism of Nrg4 and melatonin in prolactin (PRL) regulation. The human normal pituitary data from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was used to explore the correlation between NRG4 and PRL.

Normal intellectual ability and hyperprolactinemia as unique clinical manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism: A case report and review of hypotheses.

Congenital hypothyroidism is the deficiency of thyroid hormone in infants and hyperprolactinemia is frequently observed. Previously reported cases typically involve intellectual disability, highlighting this particular unique case report to the first reported patient demonstrating normal intellectual ability despite experiencing growth and gonad dysfunction. This study aims to present a case and review medical hypotheses related to the patient's condition.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Bone and Muscle Quality in Prolactinoma: A Pilot Study.

Objective: Hyperprolactinemia has negative impacts on metabolism and musculoskeletal health. In this study, individuals with active prolactinoma were evaluated for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and musculoskeletal health, which are underemphasized in the literature.

Methods: Twelve active prolactinoma patients and twelve healthy controls matched by age, gender, and BMI were included.

Antipsychotics-related hyperprolactinaemia among patients with schizophrenia in Maiduguri.

Background: Hyperprolactinaemia among patients on antipsychotic medications is generally overlooked due to lack of outwardly visible symptoms, patient resistance to reporting because the symptoms are perceived as shameful, or to clinician's insufficient knowledge.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the patterns and correlates of hyperprolactinemia among patients with schizophrenia on antipsychotic medications.

Setting: The study was conducted in a psychiatric facility in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria.