7,869 results match your criteria: "Hyperprolactinemia"

Prolactin in sleep and EEG regulation: new mechanisms and sleep-related brain targets complement classical data.

Neurosci Biobehav Rev

January 2025

Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University.

The role of prolactin in sleep regulation has been the subject of extensive research over the past 50 years, resulting in the identification of multiple, disparate functions for the hormone. Prolactin demonstrated a characteristic circadian release pattern with elevation during dark and diminution during light. High prolactin levels were linked to non-rapid eye movement sleep and electroencephalogram delta activity in humans.

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Introduction: Thyroid disease (TD), particularly hypothyroidism, is an important etiology of hyperprolactinemia (HPRL). We conducted a systematic review of the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of adults (> 18 years) with this clinical association.

Materials And Methods: We searched PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE to find eligible articles published in English from any date till 15th December 2022.

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Background: In prolactinoma diagnosis, current guidelines recommend prolactin (PRL) assessment, considering values exceeding 200 ng/mL highly suggestive of prolactinoma. However, subtler hyperprolactinemia is more common, and to rule out potential prolactinomas, pituitary resonance magnetic imaging (MRI) studies are necessary. These present limitations in terms of availability, costs, and delays in diagnosis.

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Introduction: Empty sella is characterized by a flattened profile of the pituitary gland that represents in most cases only a radiological incidental finding. When endocrine, ophthalmic, and neurological symptoms occur, this condition is described as empty sella syndrome.

Materials And Methods: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed database) with the data filter 2024-2009 using the keywords listed above.

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Objectives: To present cases of rapid onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) and discuss management insights.

Methods: Case records of patients fulfilling the criteria for ROHHAD and presenting to the Pediatric Endocrinology Division of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, between July 2019 and June 2024 were reviewed for clinical features, treatments, and outcomes.

Results: Five patients (4 boys, 1 girl) presented at a median age of 4 y (range 3.

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Summary: Paediatric pituitary adenomas are rare in children and adolescents and differ from adults in both clinical presentation and management. We present the case of a 14-year-old female with primary amenorrhoea secondary to a macroprolactinoma, showing a modest radiological and biochemical response to dopamine agonist (DA) therapy. Despite a 10-month duration of increasing DA therapy, initial symptoms of primary amenorrhoea and hyperprolactinaemia persisted, with new symptoms of weight gain, lethargy and low mood.

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The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. MetS development is affected by endocrine hormones such as prolactin (PRL) hormone which induce insulin resistance and central obesity because PRL is implicated in the pathogenesis of MetS. Pituitary PRL controls mammary gland, however extra-pituitary PRL is highly intricate in the regulation of adipose tissue function.

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Background and objective Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions caused by excessive alcohol consumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Both phenotypical and biochemical changes in gonadal hormones are observed across these stages. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and hormonal abnormalities in patients with varying degrees of ALD and to assess their correlation with disease severity.

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Objective: Macroprolactinemia is a well-described endocrine disorder, with its results leading to unnecessary tests and overtreatment. However, routine macroprolactin screening is not performed in many laboratories. Routinely used prolactin assays can result in false diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia in patients with no signs and symptoms related to hyperprolactinemia and clinicians should be aware of macroprolactinemia frequency encountered with the method in use.

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Prolactin locally mediates follicular atresia in hyperprolactinemic vizcachas (Rodentia, Chinchillidae).

Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol

December 2024

Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD) Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address:

Infertility in hyperprolactinemic females is attributed to the dysregulation of GnRH release, subsequently affecting gonadotropin levels, and ultimately leading to anovulation. However, in addition to the hypothalamus, prolactin receptor (PRLR) is expressed in ovaries as well, suggesting potential local effects of PRL in cases of hyperprolactinemia. We have developed an experimental model of sulpiride (SPD)-induced hyperprolactinemia using a wild rodent, the plains vizcacha, and studied the implications of pharmacological PRL levels on folliculogenesis and steroid production.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates how hyperprolactinaemia affects obese and non-obese infertile women, focusing on serum prolactin levels and clinical features in Kano.
  • It involved comparing 160 obese infertile women and 160 non-obese infertile women, with significant findings indicating higher serum prolactin levels and prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in obese participants.
  • While obese women showed a higher rate of overall hyperprolactinaemia, non-obese women were more likely to experience galactorrhoea, highlighting the need for tailored management approaches.
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Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common problem affecting many women. This study aimed to investigate the baseline characteristics of 400 women with RPL and to examine any differences in baseline characteristics of the recruited women with RPL throughout the years.

Methods: This study used retrospective data, which included the records of patients with RPL who visited King Khalid University Hospital's obstetric clinic between 2019 and 2022.

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This systematic review of clinical studies investigated whether circulating PRL levels differed between subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls, the correlation between circulating PRL and SLE activity, and the effect of dopaminergic agonists as adjuvant therapy for SLE. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar for case-control and cross-sectional studies investigating circulating PRL levels in subjects with SLE and/or its correlation with disease activity, and clinical trials examining the effect of dopaminergic agonists on SLE activity assessed by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. Forty-five studies addressing circulating PRL levels in SLE met our inclusion criteria.

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Article Synopsis
  • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) causes significant physical and psychological symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and can greatly affect quality of life.
  • This study examined the effects of HY7801 on PMS by conducting lab tests and experiments on mice, finding that it significantly inhibits harmful hormone and cytokine secretion.
  • Results suggest that HY7801 can help alleviate PMS symptoms by balancing hormones and reducing inflammation in the body.
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Rapid-onset obesity with hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) is a rare syndrome presenting in early childhood associated with a high risk of mortality between 50 and 60%. It is characterised by rapid, early onset of obesity between 1.5-7 years, along with central hypoventilation and hypothalamic dysfunction, such as central hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, disorders of sodium and water balance, growth hormone deficiency, adrenocortical insufficiency, or disorders of puberty and features of autonomic dysregulation.

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Fugitive Acromegaly: A Historical, Clinical, and Translational Perspective.

Front Horm Res

November 2024

Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center - Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

The term 'fugitive acromegaly' was introduced by the neurosurgeons Bailey and Cushing in 1928 to describe subjects manifesting signs and symptoms of somatotroph hyperfunction with pituitary insufficiency. Currently, it identifies patients with subtle acromegalic dysmorphisms and inconsistent hormonal profile, possibly presenting only with hyperprolactinemia and related clinical symptoms. Patients have rapidly growing, locally invasive, relapsing pituitary macrotumors that can be classified as either acidophil stem cell tumors (ASCTs) or sparsely granulated somatotroph tumors (SGSTs), both of PIT1-lineage.

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Reference intervals for serum prolactin concentrations: analytical and clinical considerations.

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

December 2024

SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.

Prolactin is a 23 kDa protein synthesised and released by lactotrophs located in the anterior pituitary gland. The main function of prolactin is the development of the mammary glands and the production and maintenance of milk secretion during pregnancy and lactation. Prolactin is present in 3 forms in the circulation monomeric, dimeric and macroprolactin which is one of the causes of variability between assay manufacturers.

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Background: Clinical practice suggests that older adults (i.e., ≥ 65 years of age) experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs) more often than younger patients (i.

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Article Synopsis
  • Previous studies on the use of serial prolactin (PRL) measurements for diagnosing mild hyperprolactinemia (HP) have shown mixed results, prompting this study to explore their effectiveness alongside a new method called the prolactin decrease rate (PDR).
  • Analysis of medical records from 221 patients showed that 153 had mild HP and demonstrated that serial PRL measurements were less effective at detecting HP compared to single measurements, while the PDR provided additional specificity for diagnosis.
  • The study concluded that combining serial PRL measurements with the PDR is a more reliable approach for diagnosing prolactinoma and HP when clinical symptoms are unclear.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women with hyperprolactinemia according to the type of treatment indicated, with cabergoline or bromocriptine.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study with 464 women diagnosed with hyperprolactinemia was undertaken at the endocrine gynecology outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital from May 2002 to February 2022. All women diagnosed with hyperprolactinemia who were being treated with dopamine agonists (cabergoline or bromocriptine) and who became pregnant during the follow-up were included.

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Article Synopsis
  • * This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques to identify molecular targets of aripiprazole and how they relate to hyperprolactinemia, finding 27 common genes and establishing a protein-protein interaction network.
  • * Key proteins that aripiprazole targets include SLC6A3, MAO-B, DRD2, HTR2A, and HTR2C, which were analyzed further to understand their roles in treating
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Laboratory diagnostic methods are the main tools in the practice of a doctor of any specialty, including an endocrinologist. Factors were identified that could change the concentration of the biologically active fraction of the test substance, subsequently complicating the interpretation of laboratory results and making the right clinical decision. The literature describes a variety of circulating autoantibodies involved in binding to pituitary hormones (prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone, luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, and adrenocorticotropic hormones), hypothalamus (vasopressin and oxytocin), pancreas (insulin and glucagon) , parathyroid glands (parathyroid hormone), as well as with thyroid hormones.

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Background: Circulating levels of the antiangiogenic protein, vasoinhibin, derived from the proteolytic cleavage of prolactin (PRL), in prolactinoma are unknown, as is the molecular nature of its isoforms. Dimerization of recombinant vasoinhibin has been reported.

Methods: Vasoinhibin in a human serum sample was identified by using preparative electrophoresis with subsequent SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis, as well as mass spectrometry (MS) and ELISA.

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Objective: The mechanism behind prolactin (PRL) elevation in stress-induced hyperprolactinemia (si-HP) in humans is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of psychological stress and venous puncture (VP) pain on si-HP.

Methods: The study included 91 individuals (9 males, 82 females) referred for HP.

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Purpose: Given prolactin's (PRL) multifaceted roles in mammary tissue, an association between hyperprolactinemia and breast cancer has been hypothesized. Despite previous studies not identifying this risk, we aimed to investigate whether a connection exists.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared breast cancer incidence in patients with dopamine agonist (DA)-treated hyperprolactinemia versus matched controls in a 1:5 ratio.

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