154 results match your criteria: "Hypercalcemia and Spinal Cord Injury"

An emergency medicine review: Multiple myeloma and its complications.

Am J Emerg Med

November 2024

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. Electronic address:

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) and its complications carry a high rate of morbidity and mortality.

Objective: This review evaluates MM and its complications, including presentation, diagnosis, and management in the emergency department (ED) based on current evidence.

Discussion: MM is the second most common hematologic cancer and associated with monoclonal plasma cell proliferation.

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Hodgkin's lymphoma is a malignancy of the lymphatic system that can rarely present with advanced-stage features such as spinal cord involvement and hypercalcemia. We present the case of a 63-year-old Caucasian male with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma, presenting with hypercalcemia and symptoms resembling normal pressure hydrocephalus. The patient exhibited gait impairment, altered mental status, and urinary incontinence, forming the classic triad seen in normal pressure hydrocephalus.

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Adverse skeletal related events in patients with bone-metastatic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.

Eur J Cancer

September 2024

Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.

Metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are frequently associated with skeletal complications. Primary objective: to describe the frequency of adverse skeletal related events (SREs) in PPGL patients with bone metastases (BMs). Secondary objectives: to 1) identify predictive and prognostic factors for SREs and 2) obtain information on the effectiveness of bone resorption inhibitors in reducing SRE risk and improving outcomes in term of survival and SREs time onset.

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Background: Skeletal-related events (SREs), including the pathological fracture, surgical treatment or radiation of bone lesions, malignant spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia, are important considerations when managing metastatic bone tumors; however, owing to their rarity, the incidence of SREs in patients with Ewing sarcoma remains unknown.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data from 146 patients with Ewing sarcoma treated at a single institution from 2005 to 2019. The median age at diagnosis was 22.

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Metastasis to bone is a common occurrence among epithelial tumors, with a high incidence rate in the Western world. As a result, bone lesions are a significant burden on the healthcare system, with a high morbidity index. These injuries are often symptomatic and can lead to functional limitations, which in turn cause reduced mobility in patients.

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Concomitant Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury Management Strategies: A Narrative Review.

J Pers Med

July 2022

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic event with multiple comorbidities including spastic paralysis, sensory loss, autonomic dysfunction with sympathetic blunting, neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, neurogenic restrictive and obstructive lung disease, neuropathic pain, spasticity, neurogenic bladder, neurogenic bowel, immobilization hypercalcemia, osteopenia/osteoporosis, neurogenic obesity, and metabolic dysfunction. Cervical and thoracic SCI is all too often accompanied by traumatic brain injury (TBI), which carries its own set of comorbidities including headaches, seizures, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, aphasia, dysphagia, cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, agitation/anxiety, spasticity, bladder and bowel incontinence, and heterotopic ossification. This manuscript will review the etiology and epidemiology of dual diagnoses, assessment of both entities, and discuss some of the most common comorbidities and management strategies to optimize functional recovery.

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This is the second part of the guidelines on the management of bone metastases. In the first part, the diagnosis and management of uncomplicated bone metastases have been addressed. Bone metastases may significantly reduce quality of life due to related symptoms and possible complications.

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Immobilization is an uncommon etiology of hypercalcemia. It is usually seen in conditions associated with limited movements such as spinal cord injuries, vascular events, or following prolonged hospitalization. Hereby, we present a case of a young patient who had prolonged hospitalization following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

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Article Synopsis
  • - Oncological emergencies are severe and potentially life-threatening complications that can arise in cancer patients due to their disease or treatment, occurring at any stage of their illness.
  • - These emergencies are categorized into four groups: metabolic, structural, hematological, and treatment-related, and they may present in various healthcare settings, including primary care and emergency departments.
  • - The study aims to thoroughly review the causes, symptoms, and latest management protocols for the most common oncological emergencies identified through a comprehensive literature search of relevant medical topics.
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Pott's disease is a vertebral infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indolent nature and subacute course are associated with late diagnosis. A clinical case is presented whose diagnosis was delayed by atypical presentation with progressive worsening of symptoms.

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Prognostic Scoring System Development for Malignant Spinal Cord Compression.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

February 2022

Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhasothorn Hospital, Chachoengsao, Thailand.

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to create a more accurate prognostic scoring system for predicting survival in patients with malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC), addressing limitations of existing systems.
  • Researchers analyzed data from 89 MSCC patients and identified nine key clinical factors that influence survival, leading to the development of the Buddhasothorn Hospital Malignant Spinal Cord Compression (BSH-MSCC) score.
  • The BSH-MSCC score demonstrated high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.77) and sensitivity, aiding healthcare professionals in making better treatment decisions through a multidisciplinary approach.
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This cohort study examines the risk of skeletal-related events associated with the frequency of bisphosphonate treatment in patients with multiple myeloma.

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Extreme hypercalcaemia caused by immobilisation due to acute spinal cord injury.

BMJ Case Rep

June 2021

Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Hypercalcaemia due to immobilisation is an uncommon diagnosis and requires extensive evaluation to rule out common causes of hypercalcaemia such as primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy.We report an unusual case of profound hypercalcaemia due to immobilisation in a young man due to acute spinal cord ischaemia, leading to paraplegia. Other causes of hypercalcaemia were ruled out and elevated bone turnover markers supported our hypothesis.

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Purpose: The risk factors for skeletal-related events (SREs) among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients during treatment with bone-modifying agents (BMAs) are not yet well-understood.

Methods: The medical records of 238 consecutive NSCLC patients treated with BMAs, including zoledronic acid and denosumab, at the Chiba University Hospital from 2012 to 2016 were reviewed in the present study. SREs were defined as either pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, the need for bone irradiation or surgery, or hypercalcemia.

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Management of Urgent Medical Conditions at the End of Life.

Med Clin North Am

May 2020

Division of Palliative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/ctsinclair.

Medical emergencies at the end of life require recognition of patients at risk, so that a comprehensive assessment and plan of care can be put in place. Frequently, the interventions depend on the patient's underlying prognosis, location of care, and goals of care. The mere presence of a medical emergency often rapidly changes an estimated prognosis.

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Role of bone-modifying agents in advanced cancer.

Ann Palliat Med

May 2020

Division of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Bone lesions from metastatic solid tumors and multiple myeloma (MM) represent an important source of morbidity in patients with incurable malignancies. Dysregulation of osteoclast and osteoblast activity caused by tumor cells in the bone microenvironment weakens the structural integrity of bone and predisposes to skeletal-related events (SREs), which can include severe bone pain, pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression and hypercalcemia. In order to reduce the risk of these complications, the supportive treatment of patients with bone lesions from advanced cancer typically includes the use of bone-modifying agents (BMAs), specifically bisphosphonates and denosumab.

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Background: Early diagnosis of bone metastasis is difficult. The aim of the present study was to determine whether symptoms related to skeletal-related events (SREs) can be used for the diagnosis of bone metastasis in the absence of screening tests.

Methods: We reviewed 81 patients with bone metastasis to evaluate their SREs at diagnosis.

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[CME: Multiple Myeloma - a Review].

Praxis (Bern 1994)

July 2018

1 Universitätsspital, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Basel.

CME: Multiple Myeloma - a Review Abstract. Multiple myeloma accounts for 1 % of all malignancies, and its incidence increases with age. Both the symptoms and the course of the disease are heterogeneous.

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Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder worldwide, especially in women. Postmenopausal status is the most common risk factor for osteoporosis in elderly women. The operational diagnosis of osteoporosis is usually made with the help of central dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan.

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Because of improving treatments and survival, 40% to 58% of patients with bone metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will suffer from at least one skeletal-related event (SRE), affecting their quality of life, but the natural history of SRE is poorly understood. The study aimed to examine the factors involved in SRE-free survival (SRS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with NSCLC and bone metastases.This was a retrospective study of 211 patients with bone metastasis from NSCLC and treated at the Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University between January 2007 and January 2012.

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Neuroendocrine tumors arise from various cells that form a part of the endocrine system and account for a small number of cases encountered by oncologists in clinical practice. The clinical incidence of these tumors used to be low, and newer imaging modalities have now begun to be used for detecting bone metastases at an earlier stage. Bone metastases arising from neuroendocrine tumors are a well-recognized complication.

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Myeloma and Bone Disease.

Curr Osteoporos Rep

October 2017

Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Bone disease is a defining characteristic of multiple myeloma (MM) and the major cause of morbidity. It manifests as lytic lesions or osteopenia and is often associated with severe pain, pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, vertebral collapse, and hypercalcemia. Here, we have reviewed recent data on understanding its biology and treatment.

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Introduction: Immobilisation-induced hypercalcemia following SCI affecting the kidney function, is a rare but potentially serious condition. We report immobilisation-induced hypercalcemia affecting the kidney function in two young native Greenlanders with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Case Presentations: Two 15- and 24-year-old male native Greenlanders, both with traumatic C5 SCI were admitted to our spinal cord unit.

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