Inhaled hydrogen ameliorates endotoxin-induced bowel dysfunction.

Aim: Gastrointestinal dysmotility frequently occurs during sepsis and multiple organ failure, remaining a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Previous studies have shown that hydrogen, a new therapeutic gas, can improve various organ damage associated with sepsis. In this study, we investigated the protective efficacies of inhaled hydrogen against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ileus.

Corrigendum: (1) Some OFF Bipolar Cell Types Make Contact With Both Rods and Cones in Macaque and Mouse Retinas; (2) OFF Bipolar Cells in Macaque Retina: Type-specific Connectivity in the Outer and Inner Synaptic Layers.

[This corrects the article on p. 105 in vol. 8, PMID: 25309346.

OFF bipolar cells in macaque retina: type-specific connectivity in the outer and inner synaptic layers.

OFF bipolar cells in the macaque retina were recently classified into five types: flat midget bipolar (FMB) and diffuse bipolar (DB) 1, 2, 3a, and 3b. We examined all parallel pathways from cone photoreceptors via OFF bipolar cells to parasol and midget ganglion cells by serial section transmission electron microscopy. Basal contacts of OFF bipolar cells to cone pedicles were previously categorized as triad-associated (TA) and non-TA (NTA).

Successfully treated life-threatening upper gastrointestinal bleeding from fistula between gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm and duodenum.

Case: An 85-year-old man was admitted to the hospital, underwent laparotomy, and was diagnosed with diffuse peritonitis due to perforation of gastric ulcer. Omental patch repair was carried out. After surgery, he suddenly vomited blood and manifested hypovolemic shock.

Ileum perforation due to cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia.

Case: A 73-year-old woman was transferred to our department due to severe abdominal pain with peritonitis. Her laboratory data showed that her white blood cell count was elevated to more than 50,000/mm. Antibodies to HTLV-I were positive and we made the diagnosis of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL).

Simulation study of nasotracheal and orotracheal fiberoptic intubation with the Aintree Intubation Catheter.

Aim: Fiber-optic tracheal intubation is an essential technique to secure the airway for difficult airway and cervical cord injury victims. However, there is an anxiety about the vocal cord passage of tracheal tubes because of the potential of collision with the surroundings of the vocal cords. This study aimed to examine the utility of the Aintree Intubation Catheter in nasotracheal and orotracheal intubation.

Iatrogenic subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following a high-speed air drill dental treatment procedure.

Case: A patient was transported to our hospital with swelling in his right face and neck after restorative dental treatment. Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum were discovered using computed tomography scans.

Outcome: The patient had no severe symptoms.

Some OFF bipolar cell types make contact with both rods and cones in macaque and mouse retinas.

This study compared the types of OFF bipolar cells found in the macaque retina with those found in the mouse retina and determined whether these OFF bipolar cells make direct contacts with both rods and cones by serial section transmission electron microscopy. We performed scatter plots and cluster analysis of the morphological variables of their axon terminals such as the stratification level, the arbor thickness, the arbor area, and the number of ribbons. Five OFF bipolar cell types, including the recently discovered DB3b type, were identified in the macaque retina.

Primary follicular lymphoma of the spleen incidentally found in a patient with alcohol- and hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis.

Primary splenic lymphoma is rare as non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Splenic infiltration of lymphoma cells may cause splenomegaly in many cases. However, splenomegaly is caused not only by tumor involvement but also by non-tumorous disorders.

Impact of serum glucose levels on disease severity and outcome in patients with severe sepsis: an analysis from a multicenter, prospective survey of severe sepsis.

Aim: To determine whether glycemic abnormality and pre-existing diabetes are associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with severe sepsis.

Methods: Six hundred and nineteen patients with severe sepsis were grouped into four categories according to their blood glucose levels (<100, 100-199, 200-299, and ≥300 mg/dL). We compared disease severity and mortality between glycemic categories.

Effects of the naturally-occurring disaccharides, palatinose and sucrose, on incretin secretion in healthy non-obese subjects.

Aims/introduction: Incretins might play some pathophysiological role in glucose metabolism in diabetes and obesity; it is not clear whether or not the amount and the pattern of incretin secretion vary with different types of sugars. To evaluate the effect of two types of disaccharides on glucose metabolism and the kinetics of incretin secretion, plasma levels were measured after palatinose or sucrose ingestion in non-obese healthy participants.

Materials And Methods: The study was carried out on healthy participants who were given a solution containing 50 g of palatinose or sucrose for ingestion.

Application of carbon monoxide for treatment of acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients is common and associated with a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality. Even with aggressive medical care and renal replacement therapy, acute kidney injury remains a significant health care concern. Recent published reports offer new strategies for the prevention and amelioration of acute kidney injury using carbon monoxide.

Successful treatment of pulmonary contusion following chest trauma using poly-2-methoxyethyl acrylate, a biocompatible polymer surface coating for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Case: We report a patient with life-threatening lung contusion who was rescued using poly-2-methoxyethyl acrylate, a biocompatible polymer surface coating for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which enabled reduction of the dose of systemic anticoagulation to prevent circuit thrombosis.

Outcome: A 56-year-old man was transferred to our hospital due to blunt chest trauma following a 30-m fall into water. Chest X-ray and computed tomography showed bilateral lung contusions with bilateral pneumothorax.

Role of endogenous IL-18 in the lung during endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation.

Background: Overactivated neutrophils are causes of acute lung injury, which is a major clinical problem with significant morbidity and mortality in sepsis. Serum interleukin (IL)-18 levels correspond to severity of systemic inflammation.

Aim: To elucidate the roles of endogenous IL-18 in lung injury during endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation.

[Intubating laryngeal mask airway for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in a woman with right bronchial tumor].

A 37-year-old woman with bronchial tumor was scheduled for the removal of the mass with fiberoptic bronchoscope. Intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) was used for fiberoptic surgery. Through a size 3 ILMA, a 5.

[Remission by leukocytapheresis for a patient with ulcerative colitis found refractory by conventional drug therapies].

A 40-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on August 30, 1994 to receive a new ulcerative colitis (UC) therapy, leukocytapheresis (LCAP). On the admission day, he had bloody stool 5 to 6 times/day, abdominal pain, slight fever, and hypoproteinemia. His UC type was moderately severe left-sided colitis with pseudopolyposis.

Effects of portacaval shunt, transposition, and dimethylnitrosamine-induced chronic liver injury on pancreatic hormones and amino acids in dog.

The effect of portacaval shunt on amino acid metabolism and pancreatic hormone secretion remains a subject of controversy. This might be due to the fact that shunt has two consequences; it shunts portal blood into the systemic circulation, and it causes hepatic parenchyma dysfunction by decreasing total hepatic blood flow. In order to see which one of these two is the more important factor, we created a model of portacaval transposition in dogs (PCT) causing portal systemic shunting without impairing hepatic blood flow and compared it with a model of hepatic dysfunction in dogs created by administering dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA).