Parasitoid wasps.

Parasitoids - insects that parasitize other insects - have fascinating biologies that have made them darlings of the science fiction genre, owing to their wide array of innovative and often gruesome strategies for living off other organisms. These insects do not sting, but rather lay eggs on or inside their hosts, typically another insect or spider. Unlike parasites, which feed off a host without killing it, parasitoids kill their hosts - and they typically do it slowly.

Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy: Safety and efficacy of an accelerated induction regimen with depot aluminum adsorbed extracts.

Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only therapy that protects patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy by preventing systemic reactions after a new sting. Various extracts for VIT are available and used. VIT administration consists of an induction phase and a maintenance phase.

Clinical Spectrum of Patients Admitted with Hymenoptera (Bees and Wasps) Stings in a Medical College Hospital of Himachal Pradesh, India.

: Hymenoptera (bees and wasps) stings are a common health hazard in the tropics, particularly in rural areas. The study was planned to describe the clinical spectrum of patients with Hymenoptera (bees and wasps) stings admitted to a medical college hospital in Himachal Pradesh, India. : This was a hospital-based open cohort prospective study conducted on patients admitted with a history of Hymenoptera (bees and wasps) stings.

Clinical significance of a basophil activation test for Japanese beekeepers naturally sensitized to honey bee venom.

Background: The basophil activation test (BAT) has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing Hymenoptera venom allergy and is useful for predicting the clinical sensitivity of bee venom-allergic patients after venom immunotherapy. Patients sensitized to Hymenoptera venom are at risk for systemic reactions (SRs) to subsequent stings. Therefore, a tool that can predict the occurrence of SRs and the severity of Hymenoptera stings is needed.

[Anaphylaxis due to legumes: case report].

Background: Legumes belonging to the family of the order are a widely consumed source of protein. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to legumes have been described, the most studied allergens being peanuts and soybeans. In the Mediterranean region and India, lentils, chickpeas and peas have been considered important allergens and legumes have been reported to represent the fifth most common cause of food allergy in children under 5 years of age in Spain.

(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Ectoparasitoid of the Nettle Caterpillar, (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae): Evaluation in the Hawaiian Islands.

The stinging nettle caterpillar, (syn. ) (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), is a serious invasive pest of agricultural products and a health hazard on the Hawaiian Islands first discovered in 2001. Nursery workers and homeowners have been stung by the caterpillars while handling their plants, especially rhapis palms ( sp.

Case report: Rapid-onset parkinsonism after a hornet sting.

Neurological manifestations with basal ganglia involvement following stings are rare and clinically ill-defined conditions. We present a patient with acute parkinsonism non-responsive to levodopa, who developed striatal lesions after a hornet sting. We report his response to immunomodulatory treatment and subsequent clinical and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up.

Peeking into the Stingers: A Comprehensive SWATH-MS Study of the European Hornet (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) Venom Sac Extracts.

This study aimed to investigate the venom sac extracts (VSEs) of the European hornet (EH) (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), focusing on the differences between stinging females, gynes (G), and workers (W), at the protein level. Using a quantitative "Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Fragment Ion Mass Spectra" (SWATH-MS) analysis, we identified and quantified a total of 240 proteins. Notably, within the group, 45.

Wasp sting-induced bilateral thalamic and midbrain infarction.

A male patient in his early 40s presented to the emergency department with an acute onset of respiratory distress and facial oedema, indicative of anaphylaxis. These symptoms emerged 2 hours subsequent to a wasp sting on the left side of his face. Despite initial stabilisation, the patient's state deteriorated into somnolence and disorientation.

Molecular identification of Hymenopteran insects collected by using Malaise traps from Hazarganji Chiltan National Park Quetta, Pakistan.

The order Hymenoptera holds great significance for humans, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, due to its role as a pollinator of wild and cultivated flowering plants, parasites of destructive insects and honey producers. Despite this importance, limited attention has been given to the genetic diversity and molecular identification of Hymenopteran insects in most protected areas. This study provides insights into the first DNA barcode of Hymenopteran insects collected from Hazarganji Chiltan National Park (HCNP) and contributes to the global reference library of DNA barcodes.

The PLA inhibitor from Crotalus durissus terrificus blood plasma (CNF) inhibits group III-PLA from honeybee venom.

Crotalus neutralizing factor (CNF) is an endogenous glycoprotein from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake blood that inhibits secretory phospholipases A (sPLA) from the Viperid but not from Elapid venoms (subgroups IA and IIA, respectively). In the present study, we demonstrated that CNF can inhibit group III-PLA from bee venom by forming a stable enzyme-inhibitor complex. This finding opens up new possibilities for the potential use of CNF and/or CNF-based derivatives in the therapeutics of bee stings.

Blood Transcriptomics Identifies Multiple Gene Expression Pathways Associated with the Clinical Efficacy of Venom Immunotherapy.

Allergen-specific venom immunotherapy (VIT) is a well-established therapy for venom allergy (HVA). However, the precise mechanism underlying its clinical effect remains uncertain. Our study aimed to identify the molecular mechanisms associated with VIT efficiency.

The role of molecular diagnosis in anaphylactic patients with dual or triple-sensitization to Hymenoptera venoms.

Background: The poly-sensitization to Hymenoptera venom makes it difficult to select genuine allergens for immunotherapy and increases patients' costs. The objective of this study was to determine the culprit allergen in dual or triple-sensitized patients to three Hymenoptera venoms through molecular diagnosis and evaluating the results of incorporating the molecular diagnosis with skin tests.

Methods: Thirty-two patients with anaphylactic reactions and dual or triple-sensitization to Hymenoptera venoms in skin tests entered this study.

Risk Factors Associated with Severe Systemic Allergic Reaction after Wasp Sting in Subjects with a History of European Hornet Sting Allergy.

Aim: To make the treatment approach in patients suffering a European hornet sting allergy reaction more personalized, preparing them also for possible future risks.

Methods: In Slovenia an extended retrospective observational cohort epidemiological study about the natural history of Hymenoptera venom sensitivity is in progress. The study is based on data from the healthcare records of the University Clinic Golnik (UCG) and data collected by a questionnaire sent to patients from May 2019 to April 2021.

H-NMR revealed pyruvate as a differentially abundant metabolite in the venom glands of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera.

As a common defense mechanism in Hymenoptera, bee venom has complex components. Systematic and comprehensive analysis of bee venom components can aid in early evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and protection of organ function in humans in cases of bee stings. To determine the differences in bee venom composition and metabolic pathways between Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( H-NMR) technology was used to detect the metabolites in venom samples.

Evaluating Hymenoptera Venom Allergy Severity: A Data-Centric Comparison of Grading Instruments.

Introduction: While a consensus seems to have been reached with regard to the definition of anaphylaxis, there is no universal instrument for scoring allergic reaction severity despite more than 30 having been proposed by the time of writing. This severely hampers comparison of data between studies. While scales have been compared with regard to their utility in grading food-related reactions, no such comparisons have been made for Hymenoptera venom-associated reactions.

A New Approach to Eliminate Hymenoptera Venom Grading Sensitization Test in the North Iran: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Anaphylaxis is an allergic reaction which occurs with or without the stimulation of the immune system. Hymenoptera stings are common causes of anaphylaxis in the world. Skin tests are the first-line diagnostic measure for Hymenoptera anaphylaxis.

Fatal Africanized bee attack in captive non-human primates (Saimiri ustus and Sapajus libidinosus).

Bee stings (BS) are a life-threatening issue and a growing concern for public health and animals in the Americas. We describe the clinical, pathological, and ultrastructural findings of a massive lethal bee attack in two non-human primates (NHPs). Both animals showed BS scattered throughout the skin, surrounded by a local reaction, diffuse pulmonary congestion, edema, hemorrhage, and remarkable degeneration and necrosis of renal epithelial cells from the proximal and distal tubules, characterizing a systemic bee envenomation reaction.