Quantitative Analysis of Cerebral Ventricular Dimensions in the Adult Population of Northern India: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Purpose: This primary aim of the study was to establish the normative values of brain ventricles and indices in the adult North Indian population. Secondary aims were to evaluate sex and age-related differences, assess the applicability of widely cited normal ventricle size ranges in the study population, and explore the correlation between ventricular dimensions and anthropometric parameters.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 142 healthy individuals, aged between 18 to 72 years, was conducted and sagittal and axial images were utilized for brain ventricles measurements.

Finger-like protrusions in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas: implications for recurrence and prognosis following complete tumor resection and predictive factors.

Finger-like protrusions (FPs) extending into the hypothalamus in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACPs) pose surgical challenges and their link to tumor recurrence and patient prognosis following gross total resection (GTR) is unclear. This study aims to determine the association between FPs, tumor recurrence, and prognosis after GTR, while identifying predictors for the presence of FPs. A total of 149 ACP patients undergoing GTR at our institution between January 2015 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and were categorized into FP and non-FP groups based on the histology of the interface between ACP and the hypothalamus.

Long-term outcome of cerebrospinal fluid diversion in patients with intracranial germinoma at Ramathibodi Hospital.

Introduction: Intracranial germinoma has a favorable prognosis with modern therapies, but the long-term outcome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion for its associated hydrocephalus has been rarely focused on.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term success of CSF diversion methods-endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) versus ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt-in intracranial germinoma patients.

Methods: Only pure intracranial germinomas with obstructive hydrocephalus and a minimum follow-up duration of 24 months were retrospectively reviewed.

Machine Learning in Predicting the Cognitive Improvement of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt for Chronic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Chronic normal pressure hydrocephalus (CNPH) is a recognized sequela of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH). Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a conventional treatment for hydrocephalus, though its effectiveness for CNPH post-ASAH remains unclear.

Methods: We included ASAH patients with CNPH who underwent VPS surgery.

Tailored Callosotomy in Third Ventricle Colloid Cyst Resection via Anterior Interhemispheric Transcallosal Approach.

Background: The colloid cyst represents a relatively uncommon intracranial lesion. It garners significant attention from neurosurgeons due to its benign nature, deep-seated location, and promising prognosis when identified early and surgically removed. A variety of surgical methods are used to treat these cysts, each with their strengths and weaknesses.

Long-term outcomes after shunt surgery in older patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the survival and functional outcomes in older patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) following shunt surgery.

Methods: We performed shunt surgery in patients with iNPH and followed up at an outpatient clinic. The survival time was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Treatment of low-pressure hydrocephalus using a novel shunt valve technique: applying Bernoulli's equation to fluid statics. Technical note.

Low-pressure hydrocephalus (LPH) is the presence of persistent ventriculomegaly with low to normal intracranial pressure. Patients with LPH respond to subzero drainage, which consists of external ventricular drainage at levels below the external auditory meatus. Multiple treatment modalities have been described in the literature, but due to low intracranial pressures, weaning the external ventricular drain can take weeks to even months.

Unbiased CSF Proteomics in Patients With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus to Identify Molecular Signatures and Candidate Biomarkers.

Background And Objectives: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a reversible neurologic disorder that remains poorly understood. Accurate differential diagnosis of iNPH and Alzheimer disease (AD) is complicated by overlapping clinical manifestations. Beyond neuroimaging, there are currently no biomarkers available for iNPH leading to frequent misdiagnosis, and proteomic studies into iNPH have been limited by low sample sizes and inadequate analytical depth.

Targeted treatment for craniopharyngioma.

Introduction: Craniopharyngioma is a rare solid-cystic tumor of the hypothalamopituitary region. Two distinct craniopharyngioma types (formerly subtypes), adamantinomatous and papillary, have been described. These tumors often manifest with neuroendocrine dysfunction, vision problems, hydrocephalus, and cognitive changes.

Normal tension glaucoma following the treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus.

A man in his 70s developed progressive normal tension glaucoma following treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus. This treatment included cerebrospinal fluid drainage and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt insertion to lower the intracranial pressure (ICP). Subsequent retinal nerve fibre layer thinning was visible on optical coherence tomography scans and was accompanied by corresponding glaucomatous visual field defects on perimetry.

Prevalence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in older adult population in Shanghai, China: A population-based observational study.

Introduction: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), a condition that primarily affects the elderly, has an unclear prevalence rate in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 1491 seniors aged 60 and above in Shanghai was conducted. Clinical symptoms and brain imaging data were collected for the diagnosis of suboptimal probable iNPH (s-probable iNPH).

Tuberculosis menace: a case report of disseminated tuberculosis presenting as tubercular meningitis and long-segment cervical tuberculous myelitis in a 32-year-old man from rural India.

This case report discusses an uncommon presentation of miliary tuberculosis as tubercular meningitis (TBM) and long-segment cervical tuberculous myelitis in a 32-year-old man from rural India. The patient presented with symptoms of fever, headache, neck stiffness, and gradual weakness in all four limbs. Hydrocephalic changes secondary to meningitis and involvement of the spinal cord were observed on neuroimaging and were correlated with clinical findings of cervical myelitis, confirming the diagnosis of TBM with cervical myelitis.

CSF production rate, resistance to reabsorption, and intracranial pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Davson's equation relates the state of stable intracranial pressure (ICP) to the production rate of CSF (I) and resistance to CSF outflow (R). Both parameters are assumed to be independent of ICP, but results are conflicting. The objective is to define the relationship between ICP, I and R using a systematic literature review.

Low prevalence of CWH43 variants among Finnish and Norwegian idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients: a cohort-based observational study.

Background: Heterozygous CWH43 loss-of-function (LOF) variants have been identified as iNPH risk factors, with 10-15% of iNPH patients carrying these variants in cohorts from the US. Mouse model harboring CWH43 LOF variants display a hydrocephalic phenotype with ventricular cilia alterations. Our aim was to study the effect of CWH43 variants on disease risk and clinical phenotype in Finnish and Norwegian iNPH cohorts.

Implications of Hydrocephalus on [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Statistical Parametric Mapping Analysis in Neurodegenerative Disease Evaluation.

Background And Purpose: Brain [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is critical in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease. Quantitative analysis with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) has been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET and has been incorporated in clinical workflows. This study aimed to assess the effects of hydrocephalus on FDG PET SPM analysis accuracy, focusing on cingulate gyrus regions, which are of particular interest in dementia evaluation, and also are adjacent to the lateral ventricles.

Development, Content Validity, and Test-Retest Reliability of a Childhood Hydrocephalus Severity Scale.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop and validate a reliable, multi-domain scale for assessing childhood hydrocephalus severity and to enhance communication, guide treatment decisions, and improve patient care.

Methods: A stepwise consensus approach informed by a modified Delphi technique was employed. Healthcare professionals participated in anonymous surveys and face-to-face meetings to define the core domains of the scale.

Relations of hippocampal and ventricle volumes to Memory Outcomes in the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) prenatal surgery clinical trial.

Objective: Many individuals with spina bifida myelomeningocele perform poorly on memory tasks, with hippocampal damage a possible mechanism. This study analyzed quantitative hippocampal, amygdala, and ventricular volumes to determine if prenatal surgery reduced the effects of hydrocephalus as a potential mechanism for improved memory performance in relation to hydrocephalus status.

Method: We collected magnetic resonance imaging data from 110 children enrolled in the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (n = 55 per prenatal and postnatal groups).

Role of aquaporins in brain water transport and edema.

Water serves as the primary substance in all living cells and is an essential molecule involved in numerous biological processes critical for maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Disruptions in water balance can occur in conditions such as cerebral edema, where fluid accumulation results in increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in the rapid transport of water across cell membranes.

The impact of architectural modifications on relative resistance to fluid flow in ventricular catheters.

Introduction: Although many ventricular catheter designs exist for hydrocephalus treatment, few standardized studies assess outflow resistance and the impact of design modifications on shunt drainage. This study represents the assessment of various architectural modifications on catheter flow rate and pressure, focusing on bulk outflow dynamics and occlusion with whole blood-inoculated cerebrospinal fluid.

Methods: Catheters were manufactured utilizing a novel catheter production setup with 16 variations from standard catheters, including but not limited to changes in: hole number, hole dimensions, catheter lumen dimension, and catheter lumen impingement.

Correction: Godoy Hurtado et al. Low- and Negative-Pressure Hydrocephalus: New Report of Six Cases and Literature Review. 2023, , 4112.

Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the peer-review process related to the publication of this article [...

Mapping Inflammatory Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Age- and Sex-Matched Analysis.

Despite extensive research on aneurysm treatment and neurocritical care, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still a life-threatening disease, often leaving survivors with lasting neurological and cognitive impairments. Early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are the main contributors to brain damage, with neuroinflammation being a critical shared pathophysiological process. While numerous inflammatory markers and their temporal profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have already been identified, comparisons with age- and sex-matched controls are limited.

Kidins220-deficient hydrocephalus mice exhibit altered glial phenotypes and AQP4 differential regulation in the retina and optic nerve, with preserved retinal ganglion cell survival.

Hydrocephalus, characterized by ventriculomegaly due to cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in the cerebral ventricles, is a co-morbidity factor in several neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is crucial for brain water homeostasis, with Aqp4 knockout mice showing sporadic ventriculomegaly and increased brain water content. Kinase D interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220), a transmembrane protein involved in neuronal survival, synaptic activity and neurogenesis, controls AQP4 levels in ependymocytes and brain astrocytes.

Impairment of DET1 causes neurological defects and lethality in mice and humans.

COP1 and DET1 are components of an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is conserved from plants to humans. Mammalian COP1 binds to DET1 and is a substrate adaptor for the CUL4A-DDB1-RBX1 RING E3 ligase. Transcription factor substrates, including c-Jun, ETV4, and ETV5, are targeted for proteasomal degradation to effect rapid transcriptional changes in response to cues such as growth factor deprivation.