A Study on Real-time Detection of Rice Diseases in Farmlands Based on Multi-dimensional Data Fusion.

To meet the need of crop leaf disease detection in complex scenarios, this study designs a method based on the computing power of mobile devices that ensures both detection accuracy and real-time efficiency, offering significant practical application value. Based on a comparison with existing mainstream detection models, this paper proposes a target detection and recognition algorithm, TG_YOLOv5, which utilizes multi-dimensional data fusion on the YOLOv5 model. The triplet attention mechanism and C3CBAM module are incorporated into the network structure to capture connections between spatial and channel dimensions of input feature maps, thereby enhancing the model's feature extraction capabilities without significantly increasing the parameter count.

Accelerated optimization in deep learning with a proportional-integral-derivative controller.

High-performance optimization algorithms are essential in deep learning. However, understanding the behavior of optimization (i.e.

Quantum-secured LiDAR with Gaussian modulated coherent states.

LiDAR systems that rely on classical signals are susceptible to intercept-and-recent spoofing attacks, where a target attempts to avoid detection. To address this vulnerability, we propose a quantum-secured LiDAR protocol that utilizes Gaussian modulated coherent states for both range determination and spoofing attack detection. By leveraging the Gaussian nature of the signals, the LiDAR system can accurately determine the range of the target through cross-correlation analysis.

Fast and sensitive detection of viable O157:H7 using a microwell-confined and propidium monoazide-assisted digital CRISPR microfluidic platform.

O157:H7 is a major foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to food safety and human health. Rapid and sensitive detection of viable O157:H7 can effectively prevent food poisoning. Here, we developed a microwell-confined and propidium monoazide-assisted digital CRISPR microfluidic platform for rapid and sensitive detection of viable O157:H7 in food samples.

Design of Lidar Receiving Optical System with Large FoV and High Concentration of Light to Resist Background Light Interference.

Lidar has the advantages of high accuracy, high resolution, and is not affected by sunlight. It has been widely used in many fields, such as autonomous driving, remote sensing detection, and intelligent robots. However, the current lidar detection system belongs to weak signal detection and generally uses avalanche photoelectric detector units as detectors.

Microsaccade-inspired event camera for robotics.

Neuromorphic vision sensors or event cameras have made the visual perception of extremely low reaction time possible, opening new avenues for high-dynamic robotics applications. These event cameras' output is dependent on both motion and texture. However, the event camera fails to capture object edges that are parallel to the camera motion.

Laser-induced graphene-based digital microfluidics (gDMF): a versatile platform with sub-one-dollar cost.

Digital microfluidics (DMF), is an emerging liquid-handling technology, that shows promising potential in various biological and biomedical applications. However, the fabrication of conventional DMF chips is usually complicated, time-consuming, and costly, which seriously limits their widespread applications, especially in the field of point-of-care testing (POCT). Although the paper- or film-based DMF devices can offer an inexpensive and convenient alternative, they still suffer from the planar addressing structure, and thus, limited electrode quantity.

Developing an AI-assisted digital auscultation tool for automatic assessment of the severity of mitral regurgitation: protocol for a cross-sectional, non-interventional study.

Introduction: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most common valvular heart disorder, with a morbidity rate of 2.5%. While echocardiography is commonly used in assessing MR, it has many limitations, especially for large-scale MR screening.

Digital PCR for Single-Cell Analysis.

Single-cell analysis provides an overwhelming strategy for revealing cellular heterogeneity and new perspectives for understanding the biological function and disease mechanism. Moreover, it promotes the basic and clinical research in many fields at a single-cell resolution. A digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) is an absolute quantitative analysis technology with high sensitivity and precision for DNA/RNA or protein.

Evaluating CO Capture Performance of Trisolvent MEA-BEA-AMP with Heterogeneous Catalysts in a Novel Bench-Scale Pilot Plant.

To reduce the huge energy cost of CO capture technology applicable in industry, the CO absorption-desorption performance was conducted in a novel bench-scale pilot plant with hot water as a heat source. The trisolvent MEA(monoethanol amine)-BEA(butylethanol amine)-AMP(2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) was prepared at a specific concentration to analyze the CO capture performance and compared with 5 M MEA as the benchmark. Meanwhile, several solid acid catalysts, blended H-ZSM-5/γ-AlO(1/2), or HND-8, were packed in the desorber, and the solid base catalyst, CaCO or CaMg(CO), was packed in the absorber with random packing.

Prognosis of comatose patients with reduced EEG montage by combining quantitative EEG features in various domains.

Objective: As the frontoparietal network underlies recovery from coma, a limited frontoparietal montage was used, and the prognostic values of EEG features for comatose patients were assessed.

Methods: Collected with a limited frontoparietal EEG montage, continuous EEG recordings of 81 comatose patients in ICU were used retrospectively. By the 60-day Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), the patients were dichotomized into favorable and unfavorable outcome groups.

Inoculum size-insensitive susceptibility determination of urine sample based on in-situ measurement of inducible enzyme activity after 20 min of antibiotic exposure.

Background: The empirical antibiotic therapies for bacterial infections cause the emergence and propagation of multi-drug resistant bacteria, which not only impair the effectiveness of existing antibiotics but also raise healthcare costs. To reduce the empirical treatments, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of causative microorganisms in clinical samples should be conducted for prescribing evidence-based antibiotics. However, most of culture-based ASTs suffer from inoculum effect and lack differentiation of target pathogen and commensals, hampering their adoption for evidence-based antibiotic prescription.

Enzymatic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with Bacteria Identification in 30 min.

Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) with the ability of bacterial identification is urgently needed for evidence-based antibiotic prescription. Herein, we propose an enzymatic AST (enzyAST) that employs β-d-glucuronidase as a biomarker to identify pathogens and profile phenotypic susceptibilities simultaneously. EnzyAST enables to offer binary AST results within 30 min, much faster than standard methods (>16 h).

Optimizing study on the NH-SCR activity of Ce-W-Ti@g-CN catalyst: influence of graphite carbon nitride types.

Herein, three g-CN(MCN/TCN/UCN), obtained by the direct pyrolysis of melamine/urea/thiourea respectively, were introduced as supports to optimize the NH-SCR activity of Ce-W-Ti catalyst. Compared to CWT-400-Air, CWT@g-CN(2)-300-N exhibits lower crystalline anatase TiO and larger specific surface area, which improves the dispersion of Ce/W/Ti species on catalysts surface. Furthermore, the introduction of g-CN as supports also contributes to doping C/N elements into Ce-W-Ti catalyst and increases the Ce/(Ce+Ce) and O/(O+O) molar ratios on catalyst surface.

Concise Cascade Methods for Transgenic Rice Seed Discrimination using Spectral Phenotyping.

Currently, the presence of genetically modified (GM) organisms in agro-food markets is strictly regulated by enacted legislation worldwide. It is essential to ensure the traceability of these transgenic products for food safety, consumer choice, environmental monitoring, market integrity, and scientific research. However, detecting the existence of GM organisms involves a combination of complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive techniques requiring high-level professional skills.

Transient simulation of SO absorption into water in a bubbling reactor.

A bubbling reactor is an important type of gas scrubber to reduce SO emissions in maritime shipping. Both experiments and simulations were conducted to study the relationship between the periodic gas bubbling process and SO concentration at the outlet of the reactor, and the entrainment of liquid droplets on SO absorption. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the bubble size, the depth of bubbles injected into the water, and the SO concentration obtained in both experiments and simulations.

An Improved Design of the MultiCal On-Site Calibration Device for Industrial Robots.

MultiCal is an affordable, high-precision measuring device designed for the on-site calibration of industrial robots. Its design features a long measuring rod with a spherical tip that is attached to the robot. By restricting the rod's tip to multiple fixed points under different rod orientations, the relative positions of these points are accurately measured beforehand.

Dynamic UAV Phenotyping for Rice Disease Resistance Analysis Based on Multisource Data.

Bacterial blight poses a threat to rice production and food security, which can be controlled through large-scale breeding efforts toward resistant cultivars. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing provides an alternative means for the infield phenotype evaluation of crop disease resistance to relatively time-consuming and laborious traditional methods. However, the quality of data acquired by UAV can be affected by several factors such as weather, crop growth period, and geographical location, which can limit their utility for the detection of crop disease and resistant phenotypes.

Adsorption-Free Self-Priming Direct Digital Dual-crRNA CRISPR/Cas12a-Assisted Chip for Ultrasensitive Detection of Pathogens.

Rapid and sensitive pathogen detection methods are critical for disease diagnosis and treatment. RPA-CRISPR/Cas12 systems have displayed remarkable potential in pathogen detection. A self-priming digital PCR chip is a powerful and attractive tool for nucleic detection.

A USV-UAV Cooperative Trajectory Planning Algorithm with Hull Dynamic Constraints.

Efficient trajectory generation in complex dynamic environments remains an open problem in the operation of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV). The perception of a USV is usually interfered by the swing of the hull and the ambient weather, making it challenging to plan optimal USV trajectories. In this paper, a cooperative trajectory planning algorithm for a coupled USV-UAV system is proposed to ensure that a USV can execute a safe and smooth path as it autonomously advances through multi-obstacle maps.

Direct single-cell antimicrobial susceptibility testing of in urine using a ready-to-use 3D microwell array chip.

Empirical antibiotic therapies are prescribed for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to the long turnaround time of conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), leading to the prevalence of multi-drug resistant pathogens. We present a ready-to-use 3D microwell array chip to directly conduct comprehensive AST of pathogenic agents in urine at the single-cell level. The developed device features a highly integrated 3D microwell array, offering a dynamic range from 10 to 10 CFU mL, and a capillary valve-based flow distributor for flow equidistribution in dispensing channels and uniform sample distribution.

Monaural cardiopulmonary sound separation via complex-valued deep autoencoder and cyclostationarity.

Cardiopulmonary auscultation is promising to get smart due to the emerging of electronic stethoscopes. Cardiac and lung sounds often appear mixed at both time and frequency domain, hence deteriorating the auscultation quality and the further diagnosis performance. The conventional cardiopulmonary sound separation methods may be challenged by the diversity in cardiac/lung sounds.