Gender equity in authorship of emergency medicine publications in Australasia.

Objective: To evaluate gender authorship trends in the official journal of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM), Emergency Medicine Australasia (EMA).

Methods: A bibliometric review of author gender in EMA during the 10-year period 2013-2022. The gender of first/last authors were determined by www.

Comparing Different Pathways in Medical Education and Surgical Training: A Global Survey of Surgeons.

Background: Currently, interest in surgical careers is declining globally, whereas aging populations are contributing to a rising demand for surgical procedures. Surgeons who conduct scientific investigations and share clinical advances internationally pay little attention to comparing differences in ways nations attract, educate, and train their surgeons. This study compares international pathways toward surgeon development with the aim of seeking best practices and improving the outlook of surgery as an attractive career.

Intentional physical self-injury in Auckland: patterns, associations and clinical implications in a single-centre cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Intentional physical self-injury (IPSI) is a pressing health challenge and there is little awareness of injury patterns, management and outcomes. This study examines IPSI's epidemiological and clinical aspects in one major Auckland hospital, highlighting demography, injury patterns and implications for clinical practice and prevention.

Methods: Using Auckland City Hospital Trauma Registry data, a retrospective, descriptive study was conducted covering adult patients admitted from January 2015 to December 2019.

The value of plasma metanephrine measurements during adrenal vein sampling.

Objective: The assessment of primary aldosteronism incorporates adrenal vein sampling (AVS) to lateralize aldosterone excess. Current adrenal vein sampling protocols rely on concurrent cortisol measurements to assess successful cannulation and lateralization and may be inaccurate in the setting of autonomous cortisol secretion. We aimed to compare the measurement of plasma cortisol and metanephrine concentrations to assess cannulation and lateralization during AVS.

Naloxone use by Aotearoa New Zealand emergency medical services, 2017-2021.

Objective: Emergency medical services (EMS) use of naloxone in the prehospital setting is indicated in patients who have significantly impaired breathing or level of consciousness when opioid intoxication is suspected. The present study characterised naloxone use in a nationwide sample of Aotearoa New Zealand road EMS patients to establish a baseline for surveillance of any changes in the future.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of rates of patients with naloxone administrations was conducted using Hato Hone St John (2017-2021) and Wellington Free Ambulance (2018-2021) electronic patient report form datasets.

Unlocking hidden potential: advancements, approaches, and obstacles in repurposing drugs for cancer therapy.

High rates of failure, exorbitant costs, and the sluggish pace of new drug discovery and development have led to a growing interest in repurposing "old" drugs to treat both common and rare diseases, particularly cancer. Cancer, a complex and heterogeneous disease, often necessitates a combination of different treatment modalities to achieve optimal outcomes. The intrinsic polygenicity of cancer, intricate biological signalling networks, and feedback loops make the inhibition of a single target frequently insufficient for achieving the desired therapeutic impact.

Implementing structured pathology reporting protocol for non-melanocytic skin cancers: practical considerations.

Non-melanocytic skin cancers (NMSCs) account for five times the incidence of all other cancers combined and cost US $6 billion annually. These are the most frequent specimens encountered in community pathology practice in many Western countries. Lack of standardised structured pathology reporting protocols (SPRPs) can result in omission of critical information or miscommunication leading to suboptimal patient management.

Appetite, Hypoxia, and Acute Mountain Sickness: A 10-Hour Normobaric Hypoxic Chamber Study.

Barclay, Holly, Saptarshi Mukerji, Bengt Kayser, and Jui-Lin Fan. Appetite, hypoxia and acute mountain sickness: A 10-hour normobaric hypoxic chamber study. .

Beliefs about medicines in gout patients: results from the NOR-Gout 2-year study.

Objective: Adherence to urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in gout is challenging. This longitudinal study aimed to determine 2 year changes in beliefs about medicines during intervention with ULT.

Method: Patients with a recent gout flare and increased serum urate received a nurse-led ULT intervention with tight control visits and a treatment target.

Variation in the practice of cholecystectomy for benign biliary disease in Aotearoa New Zealand: a population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Cholecystectomy for benign biliary disease is common and its delivery should be standardised. However, the current practice of cholecystectomy in Aotearoa New Zealand is unknown.

Methods: A prospective, national cohort study of consecutive patients having cholecystectomy for benign biliary disease was performed between August and October 2021 with 30-day follow-up, through STRATA, a student- and trainee-led collaborative.

Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) position statement on chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis in children, adolescents and adults in Australia and New Zealand.

This position statement, updated from the 2015 guidelines for managing Australian and New Zealand children/adolescents and adults with chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) and bronchiectasis, resulted from systematic literature searches by a multi-disciplinary team that included consumers. The main statements are: Diagnose CSLD and bronchiectasis early; this requires awareness of bronchiectasis symptoms and its co-existence with other respiratory diseases (e.g.

Utility of the Cerebral Organoid Glioma 'GLICO' Model for Screening Applications.

Glioblastoma, a grade IV astrocytoma, is regarded as the most aggressive primary brain tumour with an overall median survival of 16.0 months following the standard treatment regimen of surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Despite such intensive treatment, the tumour almost invariably recurs.

Cancer Metastasis and Treatment Resistance: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment.

Cancer metastasis and treatment resistance are the main causes of treatment failure and cancer-related deaths. Their underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated and have been attributed to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs)-a small population of highly tumorigenic cancer cells with pluripotency and self-renewal properties, at the apex of a cellular hierarchy. CSCs drive metastasis and treatment resistance and are sustained by a dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME).

Doctors' views on the impact of the absence of an in-person rheumatology service at a major New Zealand hospital.

Aim: To describe the views of doctors in one hospital service about the impact of the lack of an in-person rheumatology consultation service and to identify service improvements informed by those views and services at comparable district health boards (DHB).

Methods: Qualitative study using focus groups of resident and senior medical officers (RMOs and SMOs) from the general medical service at Wellington Regional Hospital. A national survey of DHB heads of rheumatology was also used.

Proteomic analysis of low- and high-grade human colon adenocarcinoma tissues and tissue-derived primary cell lines reveals unique biological functions of tumours and new protein biomarker candidates.

Background: Colon cancer is the third most common cancer and second highest cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The aim of the study was to find new biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic drug targets for this disease.

Methods: Four low-grade and four high-grade human colon adenocarcinoma tumours with patient-matched normal colon tissues were analysed.

Stroke reperfusion treatment trends in New Zealand: 2019 & 2020.

Aim: This study assessed stroke reperfusion treatments trends in 2019 and 2020 with comparison back to 2015. Additional analyses looked at differences by sex and ethnicity.

Method: The National Stroke Register contains data on all stroke patients who received reperfusion therapies since 2015.

Insights Into Vascular Anomalies, Cancer, and Fibroproliferative Conditions: The Role of Stem Cells and the Renin-Angiotensin System.

Cells exhibiting embryonic stem cell (ESC) characteristics have been demonstrated in vascular anomalies (VAs), cancer, and fibroproliferative conditions, which are commonly managed by plastic surgeons and remain largely unsolved. The efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus, and targeted therapies that block the Ras/BRAF/MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3KCA/AKT/mTOR pathways in many types of cancer and VAs, further supports the critical role of ESC-like cells in the pathogenesis of these conditions. ESC-like cells in VAs, cancer, and fibroproliferative conditions express components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) - a homeostatic endocrine signaling cascade that regulates cells with ESC characteristics.

New scoring system to distinguish deep invasive submucosal and muscularis propria colorectal cancer during colonoscopy: a development and global multicenter external validation study (e-T2 Score).

Background And Aims: Diagnostics to differentiate deep submucosal invasive (invasion depth ≥1000 μm [T1b]) colorectal cancer (CRC) from muscularis propria invasive (T2) CRC are limited. We aimed to establish and validate a scoring system that differentiates T1b from T2.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective cross-validation study was performed.