161 results match your criteria: "Huntsman Mental Health Institute[Affiliation]"

Article Synopsis
  • The brain has a vast diversity of cell types, and existing transgenic models often target multiple cell types rather than specific neurons.
  • An iterative ATAC approach was developed to enhance the specificity of transgene expression by identifying open chromatin regions in neurons, leading to more refined targeting of neuronal subsets.
  • This method not only helps in studying neurons linked to specific behaviors, like sleep, but is also versatile for use in other cell types and organisms.
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Background: Particulate air pollution and residential greenness are associated with sleep quality in the general population; however, their influence on maternal sleep quality during pregnancy has not been assessed.

Objective: This cross-sectional study investigated the individual and interactive effects of exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and residential greenness on sleep quality in pregnant women.

Methods: Pregnant women (n = 4933) enrolled in the Korean Children's Environmental Health Study with sleep quality information and residential address were included.

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The Impact of Adjustment on Workplace Attitudes and Behaviors Among Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

J Occup Environ Med

May 2024

From the Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas (B.J.G., M.C.W., J.P.); Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (B.J.G., M.C.W., J.P.); Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado (B.J.G., C.C.B., M.M., A.J.S.); School of Business, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.T.C.); South Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Little Rock, Arkansas (M.C.W., J.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.M.); San Francisco Veterans Health Care System, San Francisco, California (S.M.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Health, Hanover, New Hampshire (M.S.D., R.E.B.); Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (H.W., T.L., A.J.S.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (S.A.L.).

Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigated how health care workers (HCWs) adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on their job-related feelings and actions.
  • - Out of 1468 HCWs surveyed, the majority experienced anxiety levels either below or dropping from the diagnostic threshold, but a notable minority faced consistently high or increasing anxiety, particularly among younger women and specific healthcare roles.
  • - The findings suggest that HCWs with high or increasing anxiety are more likely to experience lower job satisfaction and higher burnout, indicating a need for targeted support for this vulnerable group to enhance workforce resilience.
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This review describes the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model of psychosis-related psychopathology, the psychosis superspectrum. The HiTOP psychosis superspectrum was developed to address shortcomings of traditional diagnoses for psychotic disorders and related conditions including low reliability, arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, high symptom co-occurrence, and heterogeneity within diagnostic categories. The psychosis superspectrum is a transdiagnostic dimensional model comprising two spectra-psychoticism and detachment-which are in turn broken down into fourteen narrow components, and two auxiliary domains-cognition and functional impairment.

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The aim of this narrative review is to consolidate knowledge on the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in depression pathophysiology at different reproductive stages across the female lifespan. Despite growing evidence about the impact of gonadal hormones on mood disorders, no previous review has examined the interaction between such hormonal changes and the HPA axis within the context of depressive disorders in women. We will focus on HPA axis function in depressive disorders at different reproductive stages including the menstrual cycle (e.

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Introduction: The externalizing disorders of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are common in adolescence and are strong predictors of adult psychopathology. While treatable, substantial diagnostic overlap complicates intervention planning. Understanding which factors predict the onset of each disorder and disambiguating their different predictors is of substantial translational interest.

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Background: Pegvaliase, an enzyme substitution therapy, is a treatment option for phenylketonuria (PKU). Due to the neuropathophysiology and disease burden of PKU, individuals can experience baseline anxiety unrelated to pegvaliase therapy. In addition, there are aspects of pegvaliase therapy that may be anxiety-inducing for those considering or receiving treatment.

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Venous thromboembolism management in people with cystic fibrosis.

Pediatr Pulmonol

March 2024

Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Background: Rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are increasing in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Providers treating VTE in PwCF have reported low confidence concerning anticoagulant drug selection, dose, duration, and drug-drug interactions. As there are currently no published reports regarding management of VTE in PwCF, our objective was to describe the management of VTE in PwCF.

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Background: Thought disorder (TD) is a sensitive and specific marker of risk for schizophrenia onset. Specifying factors that predict TD onset in adolescence is important to early identification of youth at risk. However, there is a paucity of studies prospectively predicting TD onset in unstratified youth populations.

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Introduction: Emerging literature suggests that childhood trauma may influence facial emotion perception (FEP), with the potential to negatively bias both emotion perception and reactions to emotion-related inputs. Negative emotion perception biases are associated with a range of psychiatric and behavioral problems, potentially due or as a result of difficult social interactions. Unfortunately, there is a poor understanding of whether observed negative biases are related to childhood trauma history, depression history, or processes common to (and potentially causative of) both experiences.

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Background: Severe forms of depression have been linked to hyperactivity of the subcallosal cingulate cortex. The ability to stimulate the subcallosal cingulate cortex or associated circuits noninvasively and directly would maximize the number of patients who could receive treatment. To this end, we have developed an ultrasound-based device for effective noninvasive modulation of deep brain circuits.

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Article Synopsis
  • Tolerance requires increased substance amounts after initial exposure to achieve the same effects.
  • Researchers have studied model organisms, like fruit flies, to understand tolerance due to their relevance to human alcohol responses and overlapping genetic factors.
  • This study reveals an inverse relationship between initial resistance to alcohol and tolerance, suggesting that measuring tolerance should focus on relative change in sedation time, and offers a method to evaluate potential tolerance mutants using linear regression analysis.
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AI as a Mental Health Therapist for Adolescents.

JAMA Pediatr

December 2023

Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Hard Choices: How Does Injustice Affect the Ethics of Medical Aid in Dying?

Camb Q Healthc Ethics

October 2023

Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Critics of medical aid in dying (MAID) often argue that it is impermissible because background social conditions are insufficiently good for some persons who would utilize it. I provide a critical evaluation of this view. I suggest that receiving MAID is a sort of "hard choice," in that death is bad for the individual and only promotes that person's interests in special circumstances.

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Three-quarters of lifetime mental illness occurs by the age of 24, but relatively little is known about how to robustly identify youth at risk to target intervention efforts known to improve outcomes. Barriers to knowledge have included obtaining robust predictions while simultaneously analyzing large numbers of different types of candidate predictors. In a new, large, transdiagnostic youth sample and multidomain high-dimension data, we used 160 candidate predictors encompassing neural, prenatal, developmental, physiologic, sociocultural, environmental, emotional and cognitive features and leveraged three different machine learning algorithms optimized with a novel artificial intelligence meta-learning technique to predict individual cases of anxiety, depression, attention deficit, disruptive behaviors and post-traumatic stress.

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Expert Consensus on the Long-Term Effectiveness of Medical Nutrition Therapy and Its Impact on the Outcomes of Adults with Phenylketonuria.

Nutrients

September 2023

Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases Unit (UDyTEMC), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, CIBERER, MetabERN, Institute of Clinical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Rúa de San Francisco s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Many adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) rely on medical nutrition therapy (MNT; low phenylalanine (Phe) diet with protein substitutes/medical foods) to maintain blood Phe concentrations within recommended ranges and prevent PKU-associated comorbidities. Despite disease detection through newborn screening and introduction of MNT as early as birth, adherence to MNT often deteriorates from childhood onwards, complicating the assessment of its effectiveness in the long term. Via a modified Delphi process, consensus (≥70% agreement) was sought on 19 statements among an international, multidisciplinary 13-member expert panel.

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Palliative interventions are intended to alleviate suffering and improve quality, not quantity, of life and are not intended to cure illness. In psychiatry, uncertainty about which interventions count as palliative stems from the fact that psychiatry generally prioritizes symptom management irrespective of diagnosis or specific pathophysiology of illness. This commentary on a case considers how distinctions between palliative and other psychiatric interventions might not be all that helpful in resolving clinical and ethical questions about which interventions are-and when they are-appropriate.

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Background: Despite reports of gross motor problems in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), fine motor function has been relatively understudied.

Objective: We examined if finger tapping is affected in AD, related to AD biomarkers, and able to classify MCI or AD.

Methods: Forty-seven cognitively normal, 27 amnestic MCI, and 26 AD subjects completed unimanual and bimanual computerized tapping tests.

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