Evolutionary View of Liver Pathology.

Evolutionary medicine emerged in the late twentieth century, integrating principles of natural selection and adaptation with the health sciences. Today, with a rapidly widening gap between the biology of and its environment, maladaptation or maladaptive disorders can be detected in almost all diseases, including liver dysfunction. However, in hepatology, as in most medical specialties, evolutionary considerations are neglected because the majority of the medical community is not familiar with evolutionary principles.

Right ventricular stroke work index in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A retrospective observational study.

The right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) reflects the active work of the right ventricle (RV), but its clinical usefulness is not yet fully known in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We aimed to evaluate the correlation of RVSWI to clinical parameters, the presence of comorbidities and response to therapy. We performed a retrospective observational study of 54 patients (PAH:  = 30, CTEPH:  = 24) and control patients ( = 11), and collected clinical data including RVSWI and comorbidities at baseline.

New findings of terrestrial arthropods from the Azorean Islands.

The knowledge on taxonomic diversity of arthropods is key to better understanding the biodiversity patterns and processes and guiding sustainable conservation strategies and practices. In the Azores, terrestrial arthropods are relatively well-inventoried following the publication of comprehensive checklists that have been regularly updated. Nevertheless, every year, new species are found as a result of new arrivals to the Archipelago and from addressing specific taxonomic lacunae.

Psychodermatology in Hungary: Awareness and practice patterns of dermatologists.

Background: Psychodermatology is an interdisciplinary branch of medicine between psychiatry /psychology and dermatology.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess Hungarian dermatologists' awareness, practice patterns and attitudes towards psychodermatology.

Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was sent from October 2020 to June 2021 to 100 dermatologists (including residents in dermatology) in Hungary with a response rate of 51%.

Between-year weather differences and long-term environmental trends both contribute to observed vegetation changes in a plot resurvey study.

Repeated surveys of vegetation plots offer a viable tool to detect fine-scale responses of vegetation to environmental changes. In this study, our aim was to explore how the species composition and species richness of dry grasslands changed over a period of 17 years, how these changes relate to environmental changes and how the presence of spring ephemerals, which may react to short-term weather fluctuations rather than long-term climatic trends, may influence the results. A total of 95 plots was surveyed in 2005 and resurveyed in 2022 in dry grasslands of the Kiskunság Sand Ridge (Hungary, Eastern Central Europe), where there has been a significant increase in mean annual temperature during the last decades, while no trends in precipitation can be identified.

No sex-dependent mortality in an amphibian upon infection with the chytrid fungus, .

One of the major factors driving the currently ongoing biodiversity crisis is the anthropogenic spread of infectious diseases. Diseases can have conspicuous consequences, such as mass mortality events, but may also exert covert but similarly severe effects, such as sex ratio distortion via sex-biased mortality. Chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen (Bd) is among the most important threats to amphibian biodiversity.

Anticoagulation in Patients With Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation With and Without a Prior Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: The NOAH-AFNET 6 Trial.

Background: Short and rare episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) are commonly detected using implanted devices (device-detected AF) in patients with prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). The effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulation in patients with prior stroke or TIA and device-detected AF but with no ECG-documented AF is unclear.

Methods And Results: This prespecified analysis of the NOAH-AFNET 6 (Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial High Rate Episodes) trial with post hoc elements assessed the effect of oral anticoagulation in patients with device-detected AF with and without a prior stroke or TIA in the randomized, double-blind, double-dummy NOAH-AFNET 6 trial.

From darkness to twilight: Morphological divergence between cave and surface-subterranean ecotone species.

Subterranean and surface habitats are in stark contrast in several environmental factors. Therefore, adaptation to the subterranean environment typically impedes the (re)colonisation of surface habitats. The genus includes amphipod crustaceans that primarily occupy subterranean habitats.

Heatwave-induced functional shifts in zooplankton communities result in weaker top-down control on phytoplankton.

Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly affected by rising annual mean temperatures and heatwaves. While heatwaves are expected to have more immediate effects than mean temperature increases on local communities, comparative experimental studies are largely lacking. We conducted a 1-month mesocosm experiment to test the effect of different warming treatments, constantly raised temperatures (+3°C) and recurring heatwaves (+6°C), on plankton communities.

Sports and exercise-related smartphone use is antagonistic to hedonic use in regular exercisers: A cross-sectional study examining the roles of exercise frequency and duration.

Background: Hedonic smartphone use has been associated with dependence and addiction studied under the umbrella term Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU). Research usually explores total screen time as an index of PSU. A few studies suggest that exercise is inversely related to smartphone use time.

Food density drives diet shift of the invasive mysid shrimp, .

Understanding the diet preferences and food selection of invasive species is crucial to better predict their impact on community structure and ecosystem functioning. , a Ponto-Caspian invasive mysid shrimp, is one of the most successful invaders in numerous European river and lake ecosystems. While existing studies suggest potentially strong trophic impact due to high predation pressure on native plankton communities, little is known of its food selectivity between phyto- and zooplankton, under different food concentrations.

A semiochemical view of the ecology of the seed beetle Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae).

The dried bean beetle, , is an economically important pest of stored legumes worldwide. Tracking the human-aided dispersion of its primary hosts, the beans, it is now widespread in most bean-growing areas of the tropics and subtropics. In temperate regions where it can only occasionally overwinter in the field, proliferates in granaries, having multiple generations a year.

Contemporary catheter ablation of complex atrial tachycardias after prior atrial fibrillation ablation: pulsed field vs. radiofrequency current energy ablation guided by high-density mapping.

Aims: Catheter ablation (CA) of post-ablation left atrial tachycardias (LATs) can be challenging. So far, pulsed field ablation (PFA) has not been compared to standard point-by-point radiofrequency current (RFC) energy for LAT ablation. To compare efficacy of PFA vs.

The estimation of additive genetic variance of body size in a wild passerine is sensitive to the method used to estimate relatedness among the individuals.

Assessing additive genetic variance is a crucial step in predicting the evolutionary response of a target trait. However, the estimated genetic variance may be sensitive to the methodology used, e.g.

Broadly sympatric occurrence of two thief ant species (Latreille, 1798) and (Arakelian, 1991) in the East European Pontic-Caspian region (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) is disclosed.

This paper presents numeric morphology-based evidence on the broadly overlapping distribution of two thief ant species (Latreille, 1798) and (Arakelian, 1991) in the East European Pontic-Caspian region. The paper integrates two autonomous data collections and independent analyses performed by different researchers, using different equipment, considering different character combinations, and evaluating partially different samples. Five type series, the neotype series of (Latreille 1798) and the type series of (Nylander, 1849), S.

Opportunistic citizen science data reveals habitat selection of lesser black-backed gulls in Central Europe.

This study is the first attempt to find a relation between the opportunistic observation data of an easily identifiable but locally rare bird, in our case the lesser black-backed gull (), and the Corine Land Cover habitat map by applying a resource selection function model to reveal the habitat selection of the species. We provide a scientific analysis using the valuable citizen science dataset sourced from the www.birding.

Exploring diversity within the genus (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in the Pannonian sandy steppe: four fascinating novel species from Hungary.

Steppe vegetation on sandy soil in Hungary has recently been revealed as one of the hot spots in Europe for the stalked puffballs (genus ). In the framework of the taxonomic revision of gasteroid fungi in Hungary, four species are described here as new to science: , , and . The study is based on detailed macro- and micromorphological investigations (including light and scanning electron microscopy), as well as a three-locus phylogeny of nrDNA ITS, nrDNA LSU and sequences.

Components of functional diversity revisited: A new classification and its theoretical and practical implications.

Functional diversity is regarded as a key concept for understanding the link between ecosystem function and biodiversity. The different and ecologically well-defined aspects of the concept are reflected by the so-called functional , for example, functional richness and divergence. Many authors proposed that components be distinguished according to the multivariate technique on which they rely, but more recent studies suggest that several multivariate techniques, providing different functional (such as dendrograms and ordinations) of the community can in fact express the same functional component.

Comment on "Human-directed attachment behaviour in wolves suggests standing ancestral variation for human-dog attachment bonds".

In their recent paper, Hansen Wheat et al. (, 2022, , e9299) claimed that hand raised 23-week-old wolves showed the same attachment behaviour towards their handler in the Strange Situation Test (SST) (, 1969, , 111) as dogs. At first glance, their results seem to contradict previous findings that domestication caused a unique change in social-affiliative behaviours in dogs (, 2005, , 1367).

Genomic analysis reveals complex population structure within the smooth newt, , in Central Europe.

Species with wide-range distributions usually display high genetic variation. This variation can be partly explained by historical lineages that were temporally isolated from each other and are back into secondary reproductive contact, and partly by local adaptations. The smooth newt () is one of the most widely distributed amphibians species across Eurasia and forms a species complex with a partially overlapping distribution and morphology.

Novel protocol for optimal utilization of HPSD approach for pulmonary vein isolation.

Background: The efficiency of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) depends on the durability of RF lesions. Recent studies documented sustained continuity of ablation lines, improvements in durability, and expected clinical outcomes through altered settings in duration and power. However, the ablation strategy has not been adapted to this new approach and different biophysics of lesion formation.

A Phase I Randomized Trial of Once-Daily Versus Twice-Daily Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (1-84) for Hypoparathyroidism.

Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84), rhPTH(1-84), is an approved adjunctive treatment to oral calcium and active vitamin D for adult patients with hypoparathyroidism; however, there is limited information on the effect of twice daily (BID) dosing of rhPTH(1-84). This was a phase I, open-label, randomized, crossover, multicenter study conducted in adult patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism. The primary objective was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects of 1 day of treatment with rhPTH(1-84) administered subcutaneously at 25 μg BID, 50 μg BID, and 100 μg once daily (QD) with or without supplemental oral calcium.