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Metformin and the risk of malignant tumors of digestive system: a mendelian randomization study.
Diabetol Metab Syndr
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, HunanCancer Hospital, Changsha, China.
Background: Observational studies suggest that metformin may reduce the risk of malignant tumors of the digestive system (MTDS), but these findings are often confounded by bias and unmeasured variables. Recent meta-analyses have questioned these associations, emphasizing the need for robust causal inference.
Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to evaluate the causal relationship between metformin and MTDS.