Effects of novel bioorganic fertilizer application on soil enzymes and bacterial community in multi-site rice paddies in China.

Application of a novel bioorganic fertilizer (BIO) has been effectively used to inhibit weeds in rice paddies. To identify changes in soil bacterial community and enzymes in response to BIO treatments, field experiments were carried out in five major rice-growing areas in China. The dominant phylogenetic groups recorded included Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Acidobacteria.

The URL1-ROC5-TPL2 transcriptional repressor complex represses the ACL1 gene to modulate leaf rolling in rice.

Moderate leaf rolling is beneficial for leaf erectness and compact plant architecture. However, our understanding regarding the molecular mechanisms of leaf rolling is still limited. Here, we characterized a semi-dominant rice (Oryza sativa L.

Modeling the relationship between carbon emissions and environmental sustainability during COVID-19: a new evidence from asymmetric ARDL cointegration approach.

The study aims to examine the CO emissions by considering the implication of COVID-19 under strict lockdown in India. The nonlinear (asymmetric) relationship is investigated between CO emission and COVID-19 with its specific determinants. The positive and negative asymmetries of COVID-19 determinants are also captured by using econometric techniques.

Paddy-upland rotation with Chinese milk vetch incorporation reduced the global warming potential and greenhouse gas emissions intensity of double rice cropping system.

It is a common practice to maintain soil fertility based on the paddy-upland rotation with green manure in the subtropical region of China. However, rare studies are known about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the paddy-upland rotation with green manure incorporation. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment of two years to compared with the effect of two kinds of green manure (CV: Chinese milk vetch and OR: Oilseed rape), and two kinds of cropping system (DR: double rice system and PR: paddy-upland rotation) on greenhouse gases emissions.

Effects of atrazine short-term exposure on jumping ability and intestinal microbiota diversity in male Pelophylax nigromaculatus adults.

Atrazine, a common chemical pesticide, has toxicity to adult and juvenile amphibians in natural ecosystems; however, it is more common to study its effects on larvae instead of adults. This study assessed the impacts of atrazine in water through short-term exposure (7 days) on male black spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) adults fed every day. The jumping ability, including jumping height, distance, time, and speed, was measured by 3D motion analysis software, and the intestinal content microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing with QIIME software.

Comparison of carbon footprint and net ecosystem carbon budget under organic material retention combined with reduced mineral fertilizer.

Background: Excessive application of chemical fertilizer has resulted in lower nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of crops, decreasing soil fertility, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and worse environmental pollution. Organic material retention is regard as the key to solve these problems. The objective of this study is to conduct an assessment of carbon budget under Astragalus sinicus L.

The Investor Psychology and Stock Market Behavior During the Initial Era of COVID-19: A Study of China, Japan, and the United States.

A highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection, COVID-19, has dramatically changed the world with a tragically large number of human lives being lost. The epidemic has created psychological resilience and unbearable psychological pressure among patients and health professionals. The objective of this study is to analyze investor psychology and stock market behavior during COVID-19.

Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates Colon Mucosal Damage Induced by a High-Fat Diet via Gut Microflora Adjustment to Increase Short-Chain Fatty Acid Accumulation in Rats.

A high-fat diet (HFD) has been previously associated with the development of diseases such as chronic colitis. While chlorogenic acid (CGA) is known to exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, little is known about its effects on intestinal inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of CGA on intestinal inflammation in an HFD-induced obesity rat model and assessed whether these effects were related to changes in gut microbiota composition.

Effect of Lead Exposure on Jumping Ability in Pelophylax nigromaculata.

Jumping ability determines the likelihood of survival and reproduction of amphibians. To study the toxic effect of lead (Pb) on the jumping ability of amphibians, Pelophylax nigromaculata were treated with 0, 1 and 10 mg/L Pb for 10 days and 20 days each. The results showed that for both treatment time (10 days and 20 days), compared to the control group, the 1 mg/L Pb treatment had no significant effect on jumping parameters.

The digestive proteinase trypsin, alkaline A contributes to anti-BmNPV activity in silkworm (Bombyx mori).

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a serious pathogenic microorganism that causes tremendous loss to sericulture. Previous studies have found that some proteins of serine protease family in the digestive juice of B. mori larvae have anti-BmNPV activity.

The complete chloroplast genome of the invasive and Cd-hyperaccumulator herb L. (Asteraceae).

is an annual invasive and Cd-hyperaccumulator herb. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of the is 150,542 bp in length, which is composed of a large single-copy region of 83,542 bp, a small single-copy region of 17,624 bp and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 24,688 bp. It encodes a set of 114 genes, consisting of 80 protein coding, 30 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes.

Plant-atmosphere and soil-atmosphere temperature differences and their impact on grain yield of super hybrid rice under different irrigation conditions.

Continued drought during the late growth stage of super hybrid rice (SHR) markedly reduces yield, and management practices that use water more efficiently can contribute greatly to high and stable yields from SHR. The absolute temperature differences (ATDs) between the rice plant and the atmosphere and between the soil and the atmosphere are believed to be important determinants of grain yield. However, it has not previously been determined whether these ATDs have any effect on SHR yields under water-saving cultivation.

Using exosomal miRNAs extracted from porcine follicular fluid to investigate their role in oocyte development.

Background: Follicular development is crucial to normal oocyte maturation, with follicular size closely related to oocyte maturation. To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind porcine oocyte maturation, we obtained exosomal miRNA from porcine follicular fluid (PFF). These miRNA samples were then sequenced and analyzed regarding their different follicular sizes, as described in the methods section.

Decentralized coordinated optimal guaranteed cost control for a roll-to-roll web machine.

This article investigates a coordinated optimal guaranteed cost control (DCOGCC) for a multi-motor roll-to-roll web machine with time-varying and uncertain parameters. The state-space oriented DCOGCC law is designed to ensure that each subsystem of the web machine is stable and the upper bound of performance index is minimum. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions to guarantee the stability of the systems with DCOGCC are derived.

Polyurea microencapsulate suspension: An efficient carrier for enhanced herbicidal activity of pretilachlor and reducing its side effects.

In this study, Pretilachlor polyurea microencapsulate suspension (PMS) with effective controlled release function was carefully prepared. Under the optimal conditions, wall material PM-200 dosage 4%, emulsifier T-60 dosage 4% with S-20 as solvent, the prepared PMS was demonstrated to have encapsulation efficiency approaching to 95.27 ± 0.

A New Type of MgFeO@CuS-APTES Nanocarrier for Magnetic Targeting and Light-Microwave Dual Controlled Drug Release.

Introduction: Cancer is a major health problem worldwide, and the most extensive treatment can be obtained by using chemotherapy in the clinic. However, due to the low selectivity of cancer cells, chemotherapy drugs produce a series of grievous side effects on normal cells.

Methods: In this research, we developed novel nanocarriers for magnetically targeted near-infrared (NIR) light-electromagnetic wave dual controlled drug delivery based on MgFeO@CuS nanoparticles (NPs) modified with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in response to magnetic, NIR light, and electromagnetic wave irradiation.

Pretilachlor Releasable Polyurea Microcapsules Suspension Optimization and Its Paddy Field Weeding Investigation.

In this study, pretilachlor was encapsulated into polyurea microcapsules prepared by water-initiated polymerization of polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate and eventually made into pretilachlor microcapsules suspension (PMS). We used response surface methodology (RSM) combined with the Box-Behnken design (BBD) model to optimize the formulation of PMS. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of PMS was investigated with respect to three independent variables including wall material dosage (X), emulsifier dosage (X), and polymerization stirring speed (X).

Chlorogenic acid inhibits forming of diabetes mellitus in rats induced by high-fat high-sucrose and streptozotocin.

To evaluate the inhibitory effect of chlorogenic acid on the forming of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, a recognized T2DM model induced by high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFSD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Thirty female SD rats were assigned equally to three groups randomly: normal control with standard commercial (NC), chlorogenic acid treatment with HFSD and chlorogenic acid (90mg/kg, CA), and diabetes model with HFSD (DM). Upon treatment with chlorogenic acid, suppression of the onset of diabetes, reduced serum glucose and insulin concentrations, improved glucose tolerance and increased body weight and visceral fat weight were observed.

Diverse molecular compositions of dissolved organic matter derived from different composts using ESI FT-ICR MS.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from various composts can promote significant changes of soil properties. However, little is known about the DOM compositions and their similarities and differences at the molecular level. In this study, the molecular compositions of DOM derived from kitchen waste compost (KWC), green waste compost (GWC), manure waste compost (MWC), and sewage sludge compost (SSC) were characterized by electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS).

Tacticity Effects on the Bulk Modulus of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Explored by Coarse-Grained Simulations.

It has long been realized that stereochemistry is quite important to the mechanical properties of relevant polymers, but it still remains far from complete understanding. In this work, the tacticity dependences of the bulk modulus () of two stereoregular poly(methyl methacrylate) bulks have been extensively studied. Both equilibrium (EQ) and nonequilibrium (NE) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed with chemically specific coarse-grained models.

Individual and mixture toxicity of chromium and copper in development, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and apoptosis of Bufo gargarizans embryos.

In natural ecosystems, living organisms are always subjected to a mixture of multiple heavy metals exposure, yet it is more common to study the effect of individual, rather than combined exposure. This study assessed the impacts of single or combined exposure to Cr and Cu on embryonic development, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and apoptosis in the early development of Bufo gargarizans embryos. The total length, development stage and malformations of embryos were measured, and the mRNA expression of genes related to oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and apoptosis at Gs 18 and Gs 22 were determined by RT-qPCR.

Extraction and Hypolipidemic Activity of Low Molecular Weight Polysaccharides Isolated from Fruits.

Three novel low molecular weight polysaccharides (RLP-1a, RLP-2a, and RLP-3a) with 9004, 8761, and 7571 Da were first obtained by purifying the crude polysaccharides from the fruits of a traditional Chinese medicinal herb . The conditions for polysaccharides from the fruit (RLP) extraction were optimized by the response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 93°C; extraction time, 2.8 h; water to raw material ratio, 22; extraction frequency, 3.

Mechanisms of the enhanced DDT removal from soils by earthworms: Identification of DDT degraders in drilosphere and non-drilosphere matrices.

The remediation of soil contaminated by 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) remains an important issue in environmental research. Although our previous studies demonstrated that earthworms could enhance the degradation of DDT in soils, the underlying mechanisms and microorganisms involved in these transformation processes are still not clear. Here we studied the transformation of DDT in sterilized/non-sterilized drilosphere and non-drilosphere matrices and identified DDT degraders using the technique of DNA-stable isotope probing.

Effect of calcium on relieving berry cracking in grape ( L.) 'Xiangfei'.

Fruit cracking is a physiological disorder in many plant species that leads to severe economic losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium on fruit cracking and explore the underlying mechanisms. We studied the effect of exogenous calcium on grape berry cracking, calcium absorbance and distribution, and cell wall metabolism in the cracking-susceptible cultivar 'Xiangfei'.