Facile synthesis of shell-derived hard carbon as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

A comparatively facile and ecofriendly process has been developed to synthesize porous carbon materials from shells. Potassium carbonate solution (KCO) impregnation is introduced to modify the functional groups on the surface of shells, which may play a role in promoting the development of pore structure during carbonization treatment. Moreover, a small amount of naturally embedded nitrogen and sulfur in the shells can also bring about the formation of pores.