Circadian disruption in cancer and regulation of cancer stem cells by circadian clock genes: An updated review.

Circadian rhythm, regulated by a time keeping system termed as the circadian clock, is important for many biological processes in eukaryotes. Disordered circadian rhythm is implicated in different human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurologic disease, metabolic disorders, and cancer. The stem like-cancer cells (or cancer stem cells, CSCs) are proposed to stand at the top of the heterogeneous hierarchy in different solid tumors, which are responsible for tumor initiation, development, therapy resistance and metastasis.

Sulfonated cellulose nanocrystalline- and pea protein isolate-mixture stabilizes the citral nanoemulsion to maintain its functional activity for effectively preserving fruits.

The instability of citral greatly limits its application in food field. This study aimed to develop a safe and green emulsifier-stabilized nanoemulsion (NE) to encapsulate citral for exerting its activities. A series of NEs were prepared using varying proportions (1:2 and 1:3) of sulfonated cellulose nanocrystalline- (CNC-C) and pea protein isolate- (PPI) mixture as emulsifier to encapsulate citral with different content (1 %, 2 %, and 3 %), and their stability, antioxidant and antibacterial activities were evaluated to identify the optimal system.

Dongting Lake algal bloom forecasting: Robustness and accuracy analysis of deep learning models.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, prompting efforts to predict their occurrence for swift action by water management agencies. Despite the potential for high-precision forecasting through machine learning, the effectiveness of these models is often compromised by data quality issues, such as incomplete data sets, inaccuracies in historical records, inconsistencies in sampling methods, and the dynamic nature of environmental factors, leading to temporal and spatial variability. This study develops an early warning system for HABs using water quality data from a freshwater lake prone to such blooms.

Unraveling the impact of drought on waterbird community assembly and conservation strategies.

Drought-induced changes in lakes and wetlands, crucial habitats for migratory waterbirds, can greatly affect their foraging and habitat utilization. These changes lead to a decline in waterbird species richness and may cause shifts in community assembly from phylogenetic and functional trait perspectives. However, a gap remains between ecological mechanistic research about these changes and conservation applications.

Double catalysis of CoSe-NiSe heterogeneous dual-chamber core-shell Achieves high conversion of polysulfides.

Achieving efficient catalytic conversion of lithium polysulfides is a key way to improve kinetics in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, due to the limited nature of the catalyst interface, it is difficult to achieve a high conversion rate of LiPSs in one step. A novel heterogeneous dual-chamber core-shell nanocatalyst (CoSe-NiSe@PC) is described here, which efficiently accommodates sulfur and provides a heterogeneous dual catalytic interface like a two-stage "filter".

Comparative Karyotype Analysis of Lycoris aurea Herb Populations Using Fluorochrome Banding and 45S and 5S rDNA-FISH.

To understand karyotype variation in eight populations, detailed karyotypes were meticulously established using chromosomal measurements, fluorescence bands, and rDNA FISH signals. The number of 45S rDNA sites varies from one to five pairs per population, with the most common number per karyotype being four pairs. The 45S rDNA locus is predominantly located in the short arms and terminal regions of chromosomes, while the 5S rDNA locus is found mainly in the short arm and the terminal or proximal regions.

Heteroatom-Based Ligand Engineering of Metal Organic Frameworks for Efficient and Robust Electrochemical Water Oxidation.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their high surface area, tunable pore structures, and abundant active sites. Ligand engineering is an important strategy to optimize their performance. Here, we report the synthesis of NiFe-MOFs based on three different ligands: 1,4-terephthalic acid (BDC), 2,4-thiophene dicarboxylic acid (TDC), and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDC), to investigate the effects of heteroatom-based aromatic rings on OER performance.

Monodisperse, Highly Spherical, Single Crystalline Au Nanospheres for Uniform and Reproducible Hot Spots in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering at the Single-Particle Level.

Hot spots can generate intense local electromagnetic (EM) fields, thereby boosting diverse innovative applications. However, these applications may face challenges due to their subtle structural changes that can significantly impact their EM field strength. Herein, we report a large-scale synthesis of monodisperse, highly spherical, single crystalline (SC) Au nanospheres (Au NSs) with tunable sizes ranging from 38 to 92 nm for constructing uniform and reproducible hot spots with a nanosphere-on-mirror (NSoM) configuration.

Photoredox/Iron Dual-Catalysis-Enabled [4 + 2] Cyclization of Acyl Nitrene with Alkynes.

In this work, the annulation of acyl nitrene with alkynes is reported under photoredox/iron dual-catalysis for the synthesis of a series of isoquninalin-2-ones. The reaction is featured with a high reaction regioselectivity and good reaction generality. In particular, the resulting isoquinalin-2-ones could be structurally elaborated into several biologically interesting scaffolds.

Deep ocular tumor classification model using cuckoo search algorithm and Caputo fractional gradient descent.

While digital ocular fundus images are commonly used for diagnosing ocular tumors, interpreting these images poses challenges due to their complexity and the subtle features specific to tumors. Automated detection of ocular tumors is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. This study investigates a robust deep learning system designed for classifying ocular tumors.

Exponential stability analysis of delayed partial differential equation systems: Applying the Lyapunov method and delay-dependent techniques.

This paper presents an investigation into the stability and control aspects of delayed partial differential equation (PDE) systems utilizing the Lyapunov method. PDEs serve as powerful mathematical tools for modeling diverse and intricate systems such as heat transfer processes, chemical reactors, flexible arms, and population dynamics. However, the presence of delays within the feedback loop of such systems can introduce significant challenges, as even minor delays can potentially trigger system instability.

Highly Efficient Synthesis of α-Amino Acids via Electrocatalytic C-N Coupling Reaction Over an Atomically Dispersed Iron Loaded Defective TiO.

The synthesis of α-amino acids via the electrocatalytic C-N coupling attracted extensive attention owing to the mild reaction conditions, controllable reaction parameters, and atom economy. However, the α-amino acid yield remains unsatisfying. Herein, the efficient electrocatalytic synthesis of α-amino acids is achieved with an atomically dispersed Fe loaded defective TiO monolithic electrocatalyst (Fe-TiO/Ti).

Efficient strabismus diagnosis from small samples: Harnessing spatial features for improved accuracy.

Strabismus is a common ophthalmological condition, and early diagnosis is crucial to preventing visual impairment and loss of stereopsis. However, traditional methods for diagnosing strabismus often rely on specialized ophthalmic equipment and trained personnel, limiting the widespread accessibility of strabismus diagnosis. Computer-aided strabismus diagnosis is an effective and widely used technology that assists clinicians in making clinical diagnoses and improving efficiency.

The relationship between acute aerobic exercise and inhibitory control in college students: The impact of physical and cognitive engagement.

Objective: Evidence suggests that acute exercise is an effective way for improving inhibition control, however, the effect of different types of Acute Aerobic Exercise and Inhibitory Control (IC) remains unclear.

Method: Using a crossover design, 25 participants (M = 20.20year, SD=0.

An injectable hydrogel loaded with Icariin attenuates cartilage damage in rabbit knee osteoarthritis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic disease characterized by joint wear and cartilage degeneration. Current clinical treatments are based on symptomatic relief and are not effective in regenerating cartilage, and inflammation-induced cartilage damage accelerates the progression of osteoarthritis, making the protection of articular cartilage important for controlling the development of knee osteoarthritis. In this study, a biodegradable hydrogel (HA-Ca-Alg@Ica) loaded with Icariin (Ica) was prepared by in situ cross-linking of hyaluronic acid-calcium complex (HA-Ca) and sodium alginate (Alg-Na) for local sustained delivery of Ica.

Antiviral signaling of a type III CRISPR-associated deaminase.

Prokaryotes have evolved diverse defense strategies against viral infection, such as foreign nucleic acid degradation by CRISPR-Cas systems and DNA/RNA synthesis inhibition via nucleotide pool depletion. Here, we report an antiviral mechanism of type III CRISPR-Cas-regulated ATP depletion, where ATP is converted into ITP by CRISPR-Cas-associated adenosine deaminase (CAAD) upon activation by either cA or cA, followed by hydrolysis into IMP by Nudix hydrolase, ultimately resulting in cell growth arrest. The cryo-electron microscopy structures of CAAD in its apo and activated forms, together with biochemical evidence, revealed how cA/cA binds to the CARF domain and abrogates CAAD autoinhibition, inducing substantial conformational changes that reshape the structure of CAAD and induce its deaminase activity.

Ordered rise and disordered fall: dynamic changes of membrane lipids during girdling-induced tree mortality in Populus yunnanensis.

Understanding the mechanisms behind drought-induced tree mortality is crucial for predicting the impact of global climate change on forests. We studied the mechanism at the cellular level in Populus yunnanensis by profiling membrane lipid molecules in leaves, branch phloem, top and bottom trunk phloem under trunk-girdling-induced drought conditions. We found that both lipid composition and content changed, depending on the tree's tissue positions and the progression of the girdling effect.

A Kinetically Stabilized Dianthraceno[2,3-a:3',2'-h]-s-Indacene: Stable Kekulé Diradical Polycyclic Hydrocarbon with Triplet Ground State.

High-spin polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs) hold significant potential in organic spintronics and organic magnets. However, their synthesis is very challenging due to their extremely high reactivity. Herein, we report the successful synthesis and isolation of a kinetically blocked derivative (1) of dianthraceno[2,3-a : 3',2'-h]-s-indacene, which represents a rare persistent triplet diradical of a Kekulé PH.

Choice of communication mode at home and speechreading performance of adolescents with hearing impairment in China.

The ability to speechread is often critical for persons with hearing impairment (HI), who may depend on speechreading to access the spoken language and interact with the hearing world. It is not clear, however, whether the primary mode of communication at home will influence speechreading abilities of young adults with HI even when they are enrolled in the same school with the same communication or instructional methods. Thirty-two hearing-impaired adolescents whose parents chose spoken language as the primary mode of communication of the family (the SPOKEN group) and thirty-two hearing-impaired adolescents with sign language as the primary mode of communication of the family (the SIGN group) were administered a Chinese speechreading battery consisting of tests at monosyllabic word, disyllabic word and sentence levels.

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of SERPINA12-related autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma in southwestern China.

Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma (hPPK) comprises a clinical and heterogeneous group of skin disorders characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. Variants of SERPINA12 have been implicated in autosomal recessive diffuse hPPK, which shares similarities with Nagashima-type PPK due to biallelic variants in SERPINB7. To date, seven SERPINA12 variants have been found in 11 patients with biallelic SERPINA12 variants worldwide.

Five brasilane-type sesquiterpenoids with neuroprotective activities from Xylaria nigripes.

Five brasilane-type sesquiterpenoids, including four previously undescribed compounds named xylaribrasilaids A-D, along with a known analogue, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of solid fermentation from Xylaria nigripes. X. nigripes, a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus utilized for treating various ailments such as insomnia, trauma, and depression, has garnered attention due to its pharmacological potential.