Establishing iron-inspired barriers to combat abnormal arsenic accumulation in rice from soils within regulatory limits.

Rice cultivated in seemingly arsenic (As) uncontaminated soils may accumulate As levels exceeding food safety standards, a phenomenon often overlooked by current soil quality standards. This study investigated the effectiveness of iron (Fe)-inspired barriers in limiting As dissolution and translocation in uncontaminated paddy fields, addressing the need for safe rice production under global warming and extreme weather pressures. We hypothesized that Fe-based materials could inspire Fe barriers in the soil-rice system.

Hydroxamate Siderophores Intensify the Co-Deposition of Cadmium and Silicon as Phytolith-Like Particulates in Rice Stem Nodes: A Natural Strategy to Mitigate Grain Cadmium Accumulation.

Sequestration of cadmium (Cd) in rice phytolith can effectively restrict its migration to the grains, but how hydroxamate siderophore (HDS) affects phytolith formation within rice plants especially the fate of Cd and silicon (Si) remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the addition of HDS increased the content of dissolved Si and Cd in soil pore water as well as its absorption by the rice roots during the reproductive growth stage. HDS effectively trapped orthosilicic acid and Cd ions at the third stem nodes of rice plants via hydrogen bonds and chelation interactions, which then rapidly deposited on the xylem cell wall through hydrophobic interactions.

Heavy metals and nutrients mediate the distribution of soil microbial community in a typical contaminated farmland of South China.

The effects of heavy metals on soil microbial communities have been extensively investigated, whereas the combined effects of heavy metals and nutrients on soil microbial communities and their interactions are rarely understood. In this study, we investigated the distribution patterns of heavy metals, nutrients and microbial communities in a typical contaminated farmland and explored their interaction mechanisms. The results showed that Cd and Pb were the main pollutants in this area, which mainly came from the smelter.

Rice rhizospheric effects and mechanism on soil cadmium bioavailability during silicon application.

Exogenous Si mitigates the mobility and bioavailability of Cd in the soil, thereby alleviating its phytotoxicity. This study focused on specific Si-induced immobilisation effects within the rhizosphere (S1), near-rhizosphere (S2), and far-rhizosphere (S3) zones. Based on the rhizobox experiment, we found that applying Si significantly elevated soil pH, and the variation amplitudes in the S3 soil exceeded those in the S1 and S2 soils.

Effects of biodegradable microplastics on arsenic migration and transformation in paddy soils: a comparative analysis with conventional microplastics.

The combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and arsenic (As) in paddy soils has attracted more attention worldwide. However, there are few comparative studies on the effects of biodegradable and conventional MPs on As migration and transformation. Therefore, conventional (polystyrene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride) and biodegradable (polybutadiene styrene, polylactic acid, polybutylene adipate terephthalate) MPs were selected to explore and demonstrate their influences and mechanism on As migration from paddy soils to overlying water and As speciation transformation through microcosmic experiment with measuring the changes of As chemical distribution, physicochemical indexes and microbial community in paddy soils.

Bioremediation of paddy soil with amphitropic mixture markedly attenuates rice cadmium: Effect of soil cadmium removal and Fe/S-cycling bacteria in rhizosphere.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in paddy soil can easily lead to excessive Cd in rice, thereby considerably threatening human health. Microbial leaching is an effective pathway for the mobilization and removal of Cd from soil. In this study, an amphitropic mixture (AM) composed of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial strains was used to leach Cd-contaminated paddy fields.

Metagenomic and proteomic insights into the self-adaptive cell surface hydrophobicity of Sphingomonas sp. strain PAH02 reducing the migration of cadmium-phenanthrene co-pollutant in rice.

Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) dominates the interactions between rhizobacteria and pollutants at the soil-water interface, which is critical for understanding the dissipation of pollutants in the rhizosphere microzone of rice. Herein, we explored the effects of self-adaptive CSH of Sphingomonas sp. strain PAH02 on the translocation and biotransformation behaviour of cadmium-phenanthrene (Cd-Phe) co-pollutant in rice and rhizosphere microbiome.

Influence of landform, soil properties, soil Cd pollution and rainfall on the spatial variation of Cd in rice: Contribution and pathway models based on big data.

Landform, soil properties, soil cadmium (Cd) pollution and rainfall are the important factors affecting the spatial variation of rice Cd. In this study, we conducted big data mining and model analysis of 150,000 rice-soil sampling sites to examine the effects by the above four factors on the spatial variation of rice Cd in Hunan Province, China. Specifically, the variable coefficient of rice Cd in space was significantly correlated with the partition scale according to the logistic fitting.

Enhanced As extraction from paddy soils with high As contamination risk by rice plant upon Si fertilization.

Owing to flooded growing conditions and specific physiological characteristics, rice plant is more efficient in As uptake and accumulation, which provides a cost-effective and time-efficient pathway to deplete bioavailable As from paddy soils. In the present study, the enhancing effect of silicon (Si) fertilization on As extraction from heavily contaminated paddy soils by rice was explored Upon incorporation of one weak acid Si fertilizer (AcSF), soil As solubility was significantly promoted by 1.3-1.

Remediation of Cd contaminated paddy fields by intercropping of the high- and low- Cd-accumulating rice cultivars.

Intercropping cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulators with crops have been widely applied in the remediation of contaminated farmland soils. However, most studies were done on drylands since the majority of the hyperaccumulators are susceptible to the aquatic environment, making the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy fields particularly difficult. Our study attempts to address the issue by intercropping the high-Cd-accumulating (henceforth, "high-Cd") rice cultivars with the low-Cd-accumulating (henceforth, "low-Cd") ones, and to study the Cd removal, uptake and translocation during the remediation process.

[Primary Factors Affecting Soil Bioavailable Cadmium and Asenic by Different Properties of Silicon Fertilizer].

To clarify the primary factors affecting soil bioavailable cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) by silicon fertilizer, we chose different properties of silicon fertilizer, including three types of alkaline silicon fertilizer[NaSiO, CaSiO, and ASSF (pH 9-11)] and one weak acid neutral soluble silicon fertilizer (NSSF, pH 5-6), to carry out a pot experiment by adding different amounts of Si fertilizer (25-800 mg·kg, calculated as Si). After 21 days of flooding, soil basic physical and chemical properties, along with diffusive gradients in thin film Cd and As (DGT-Cd and DGT-As) were investigated. The results showed that the application of Si fertilizer with different properties had different significant effects on the basic physical and chemical properties of soil.

Alleviation of Cd-polluted paddy soils through Si fertilizer application and its effects on the soil microbial community.

In this study, the effects of slag-based Si fertilizers on Cd-polluted paddy soils, soil microbial diversity, and functional properties were evaluated through a long-term field experiment conducted in a double-rice cropping system in southern China. The results showed that soil pH significantly increased from 5.15 to 6.

Evaluation of the synergistic effects of biochar and biogas residue on CO and CH emission, functional genes, and enzyme activity during straw composting.

This study examined the effects of biochar, biogas residue, and their combined amendments on CO and CH emission, enzyme activity, and related functional genes during rice straw composting. Results showed that the biogas residue increased CO and CH emissions by 13.07 % and 74.

Effects of Cd uptake, translocation and redistribution in different hybrid rice varieties on grain Cd concentration.

In order to identify the key transport process that determines the Cd concentration in brown rice, this study used 21 hybrid rice varieties as experimental materials and conducted field experiments in Qiyang (cadmium-contaminated site) and Yongding (low-cadmium site). Cd concentrations in 8 organs were measured, and bioconcentration factors and transfer factor were further calculated. The results showed that the Cd concentrations of the organs related to the xylem transport were as follows: root > node > stem > leaf sheath > leaf.

Significant Effects of Associated Microorganisms on the Community of Photosynthetic Picoeukaryotes.

Photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs) form associations with other microorganisms. However, whether and how the associated microbes affect PPE communities remain unknown. We used flow cytometric cell sorting combined with parallel high-throughput sequencing of the 18S and 16S rRNA genes to simultaneously investigate PPEs and their associated microbial communities in the Yangtze-connected Lake Dongting.

Influence of soil properties on cadmium accumulation in vegetables: Thresholds, prediction and pathway models based on big data.

Soil properties, such as soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), are the most important factors affecting cadmium (Cd) accumulation in vegetables. In this study, we conducted big data mining of 31,342 soil and vegetable samples to examine the influence of soil properties (soil pH, SOM, CEC, Zn and Mn content) on the accumulation of Cd in root, solanaceous, and leafy vegetables in Hunan Province, China. Specifically, the Cd accumulation capability was in the following order: leafy vegetables > root vegetables > solanaceous vegetables.

Depletion of bioavailable As/Cd with rice plant from paddy soils of high contamination risk.

Co-uptake and high accumulation of As and Cd by rice is an outstanding issue threatening public health. From the viewpoint of soil cleanup, however, efficient As/Cd extraction by this paddy-adapted plant, followed by biomass removal, could provide a major pathway depleting As/Cd accumulation in paddy soils and thus inhibiting their transfer in food chain. Here a field trial was performed to identify the significance of As/Cd cleanup from paddy soil by rice.

[Temporal and Spatial Variation Patterns of Picophytoplankton and Their Correlations with Environmental Factors During the Wet Season in East Lake Dongting].

Picophytoplankton (<3 μm), comprising picocyanobacteria (PCY) and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs), are considerably important in the material circulation and energy flow of aquatic ecosystems. To explore the temporal and spatial variation patterns of picophytoplankton and their correlations with environmental factors in lotic Yangtze-connected lakes, field investigations were performed on a monthly basis during the wet season (May to August) in 2019 in East Lake Dongting, a Yangtze-connected lake. The results indicated that both the Chla biomass and abundances of picophytoplankton exhibited significant spatial and temporal variability (<0.

Input and output of cadmium (Cd) for paddy soil in central south China: fluxes, mass balance, and model predictions.

It is important to provide a more comprehensive understanding of cadmium (Cd) input and output in different contamination zones. In this study, we choose 15 sampling areas in three types of contamination zones (industrial and mining, suburb, and rural) to systematically study the inventory of soil Cd input and output in Changzhutan (CZT) urban agglomerations, Hunan Province, China. The results showed that the value of total Cd input in industrial and mining (34.

[Comparative analysis and comprehensive evaluation for growth and photosynthetic characteristics of different lily species and varieties].

The biological characteristics,agronomic traits,yield traits,stress resistance,quality and photosynthetic characteristics among six lily varieties were compared in order to screen out the excellent lily varieties suitable for spread planting in Hunan province. Lilium longiflorum had the longest growth period,246 days,among these six lily varieties,while others were about 170 days. The leaves of L.

Biochar-assisted phytoextraction of arsenic in soil using Pteris vittata L.

The alkaline nature of biochar provides a potential for soil arsenic (As) mobilization and, hence, enhancing efficiency of As phytoextraction by combining with As hyperaccumulator. To testify the feasibility and potential risk of the above strategy, biochar effect on As transfer in a paddy soil and accumulation in P. vittata was investigated in a pot experiment.

Temperature mainly determines the temporal succession of the photosynthetic picoeukaryote community in Lake Chaohu, a highly eutrophic shallow lake.

Photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs) are key players in aquatic systems, while their diversity and community composition dynamics remain poorly understood. The monthly composition of PPEs in Lake Chaohu was investigated using a combination of flow cytometry sorting and high throughput sequencing. Results indicated that temperature is the most important factor shaping PPEs community structure.

The Community Structure of Picophytoplankton in Lake Fuxian, a Deep and Oligotrophic Mountain Lake.

Spatial and seasonal dynamics of picophytoplankton were investigated by flow cytometry over a year in Lake Fuxian, a deep and oligotrophic mountain lake in southwest China. The contribution of picophytoplankton to the total Chl- biomass and primary production were 50.1 and 66.