Shrimp-shaped structure and period-bubbling route to chaos in a one-dimensional economic model.

A beautiful feature of nature is its complexity. The chaos theory has proved useful in a variety of fields, including physics, chemistry, biology, and economics. In the present article, we explore the complex dynamics of a rather simple one-dimensional economic model in a parameter plane.

Visual search and real-image similarity: An empirical assessment through the lens of deep learning.

The ability to predict how efficiently a person finds an object in the environment is a crucial goal of attention research. Central to this issue are the similarity principles initially proposed by Duncan and Humphreys, which outline how the similarity between target and distractor objects (TD) and between distractor objects themselves (DD) affect search efficiency. However, the search principles lack direct quantitative support from an ecological perspective, being a summary approximation of a wide range of lab-based results poorly generalisable to real-world scenarios.

Predicting multiple observations in complex systems through low-dimensional embeddings.

Forecasting all components in complex systems is an open and challenging task, possibly due to high dimensionality and undesirable predictors. We bridge this gap by proposing a data-driven and model-free framework, namely, feature-and-reconstructed manifold mapping (FRMM), which is a combination of feature embedding and delay embedding. For a high-dimensional dynamical system, FRMM finds its topologically equivalent manifolds with low dimensions from feature embedding and delay embedding and then sets the low-dimensional feature manifold as a generalized predictor to achieve predictions of all components.

Mental association of time and valence.

Five experiments investigated the association between time and valence. In the first experiment, participants classified temporal expressions (e.g.

Cognitive abilities are associated with specific conjunctions of structural and functional neural subnetworks.

Cognitive neuroscience assumes that different mental abilities correspond to at least partly separable brain subnetworks and strives to understand their relationships. However, single-task approaches typically revealed multiple brain subnetworks to be involved in performance. Here, we chose a bottom-up approach of investigating the association between structural and functional brain subnetworks, on the one hand, and domain-specific cognitive abilities, on the other.

What do neuroanatomical networks reveal about the ontology of human cognitive abilities?

Over the last decades, cognitive psychology has come to a fair consensus about the human intelligence ontological structure. However, it remains an open question whether anatomical properties of the brain support the same ontology. The present study explored the ontological structure derived from neuroanatomical networks associated with performance on 15 cognitive tasks indicating various abilities.

Parafoveal words can modulate sentence meaning: Electrophysiological evidence from an RSVP-with-flanker task.

During natural reading, readers can take up some visual information from not-yet-fixated words to the right of the current fixation and it is well-established that this parafoveal preview facilitates the subsequent foveal processing of the word. However, the extraction and integration of word meaning from parafoveal words and their possible influence on the semantic content of the sentence are controversial. In the current study, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in the RSVP-with-flankers paradigm to test whether and how updates of sentential meaning, based only on parafoveal information, may influence the subsequent foveal processing.

Isostables for Stochastic Oscillators.

Thomas and Lindner [P. J. Thomas and B.

The N250 event-related potential as an index of face familiarity: a replication study.

The neural correlates of face individuation-the acquisition of memory representations for novel faces-have been studied only in coarse detail and disregarding individual differences between learners. In their seminal study, Tanaka . (Tanaka 2006 , 1488-1497.

Demixing of two species via reciprocally concentration-dependent diffusivity.

We propose a model for demixing of two species by assuming a density-dependent effective diffusion coefficient of the particles. Both sorts of microswimmers diffuse as active overdamped Brownian particles with a noise intensity that is determined by the surrounding density of the respective other species within a sensing radius r_{s}. A higher concentration of the first (second) sort will enlarge the diffusion and, in consequence, the intensity of the noise experienced by the second (first) sort.

The contrasting role of minerals in biochars in bisphenol A and sulfamethoxazole sorption.

Biochars are one of carbon-rich substances that have attracted enormous attention because of its values in energy storage, carbon sequestration, and environment remediation. Apart from the carbon structure, biochars also contain inherent mineral component and polar functional groups. However, the importance of the inherent minerals to the stability of biochars as well as the sorption of organic compounds remains unclear.

Predicting reading ability from brain anatomy and function: From areas to connections.

Reading is a complex task involving different brain areas. As a crystallized ability, reading is also known to have effects on brain structure and function development. However, there are still open questions about what are the elements of the reading networks and how structural and functional brain measures shape the reading ability.

Analysis of aligning active local searchers orbiting around their common home position.

We discuss effects of pairwise aligning interactions in an ensemble of central place foragers or of searchers that are connected to a common home. In a wider sense, we also consider self-moving entities that are attracted to a central place such as, for instance, the zooplankton Daphnia being attracted to a beam of light. Single foragers move with constant speed due to some propulsive mechanism.

The nature of morphosyntactic processing during language perception. Evidence from an additional-task study in Spanish and German.

The present study investigates in how far morphosyntactic processing is affected by an additional non-verbal task and whether this effect differs between German and Spanish, two languages with differences in processing grammatical gender (lexical vs. cue-based processing). By manipulating task load and language we aimed at getting an insight into subprocesses of morphosyntax and their dependence on resources of general and verbal working memory, respectively.

The relative importance of different carbon structures in biochars to carbamazepine and bisphenol A sorption.

Biochar, a carbon-rich material, has attracted immense attention owing to its applications in soil remediation. However, the mechanisms by which heterogeneous carbon structures of biochars immobilize organic contaminants are not yet fully understood. In this study, the noncondensed aromatic components in biochars were selectively removed through bleaching.

Detecting early-warning signals in periodically forced systems with noise.

Early-warning signals for imminent regime shifts in multi-stable systems are highly desirable because it is often difficult to revert a system to the previous state once a transition has occurred. In this paper, two indicators, the phase lag and amplitude difference of the system's response, are extended to detect early-warning signals of a periodically driven, bistable complex system with noise. Our results show that both indicators can announce a regime shift of a complex system with small noise, namely, the critical point of the regime shift near a bifurcation point of the corresponding deterministic system.

Search and return model for stochastic path integrators.

We extend a recently introduced prototypical stochastic model describing uniformly the search and return of objects looking for new food sources around a given home. The model describes the kinematic motion of the object with constant speed in two dimensions. The angular dynamics is driven by noise and describes a "pursuit" and "escape" behavior of the heading and the position vectors.

Charge separation at an organic/inorganic nano-hybrid interface: atomistic simulations of a para-sexiphenyl ZnO system.

A prototypical organic/inorganic interface is considered which is formed by vertical stacking of 20 para-sexiphenyl molecules physisorbed on a ZnO nano-cluster of 3903 atoms. Charge separation kinetics at the interface are investigated for their dependence on ultrafast optical excitation. In order to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of the Frenkel exciton in the organic part and the formation of charge separated states a first principles parameterized Hamiltonian is introduced and the related time-dependent Schroedinger equation is solved.

Optimal noise in a stochastic model for local search.

We develop a prototypical stochastic model for a local search around a given home. The stochastic dynamic model is motivated by experimental findings of the motion of a fruit fly around a given spot of food but will generally describe the local search behavior. The local search consists of a sequence of two epochs.

Phosphoric acid pretreatment enhances the specific surface areas of biochars by generation of micropores.

Biochars are being increasingly applied in soil for carbon sequestration, fertility improvement, as well as contamination remediation. Phosphoric acid (HPO) pretreatment is a method for biochar modification, but the mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this work, biochars and the raw biomass were treated by HPO prior to pyrolysis.

Adiabatic elimination of inertia of the stochastic microswimmer driven by α-stable noise.

We consider a microswimmer that moves in two dimensions at a constant speed and changes the direction of its motion due to a torque consisting of a constant and a fluctuating component. The latter will be modeled by a symmetric Lévy-stable (α-stable) noise. The purpose is to develop a kinetic approach to eliminate the angular component of the dynamics to find a coarse-grained description in the coordinate space.

Atomistic Simulations of Charge Separation at a Nanohybrid Interface: Relevance of Photoinduced Initial State Preparation.

Charge separation kinetics at a nanohybrid interface are investigated in their dependence on ultrafast optical excitation. A prototypical organic/inorganic interface is considered. It is formed by a vertical stacking of 20 para-sexiphenyl molecules physisorbed on a ZnO nanocluster of 3783 atoms.

The effect of monetary punishment on error evaluation in a Go/No-go task.

Little is known about the effects of the motivational significance of errors in Go/No-go tasks. We investigated the impact of monetary punishment on the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) for both overt errors and partial errors, that is, no-go trials without overt responses but with covert muscle activities. We compared high and low punishment conditions where errors were penalized with 50 or 5 yen, respectively, and a control condition without monetary consequences for errors.

COMT genotype is differentially associated with single trial variability of ERPs as a function of memory type.

Previous research on the association between intra-subject variability (ISV) in reaction times (RTs) and the ValMet polymorphism of the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene (COMT; rs4680) has yielded mixed results. The present study compared the associations between COMT genotype and ISV in P3b latency measured during working and secondary memory tasks using residue iteration decomposition (RIDE) of single trial latencies. We compared the outcome of the present analyses with a previous analysis of the same data (N=70, n-back tasks) using an alternative single-trial method.

New Insights on Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Based on Plasticity-Related Network Changes and High-Order Statistics.

Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by the predisposition to generate recurrent unprovoked seizures, which involves reshaping of neuronal circuitries based on intense neuronal activity. In this review, we first detailed the regulation of plasticity-associated genes, such as ARC, GAP-43, PSD-95, synapsin, and synaptophysin. Indeed, reshaping of neuronal connectivity after the primary, acute epileptogenesis event increases the excitability of the temporal lobe.