Social vocalizations indicate behavioural type in bats.

Vocalizations play a crucial role in the social systems of many animals and may inadvertently reveal behavioural characteristics of the sender. Bats, the second largest mammalian order, rely extensively on vocalizations owing to their nocturnal lifestyle and complex social systems, making them ideal for studying links between vocalizations and consistent behavioural traits. In this study, we developed a new testing regime to investigate whether consistent individual vocalization differences in nectarivorous bats are associated with specific behavioural types.

Martignac: Computational Workflows for Reproducible, Traceable, and Composable Coarse-Grained Martini Simulations.

Despite their wide use and far-reaching implications, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suffer from a lack of both traceability and reproducibility. We introduce Martignac: computational workflows for the coarse-grained (CG) Martini force field. Martignac describes Martini CG MD simulations as an acyclic directed graph, providing the entire history of a simulation─from system preparation to property calculations.

Modifications of geldanamycin via CuAAC altering affinity to chaperone protein Hsp90 and cytotoxicity.

Functionalization of alkyne (1) and azide (2) derivatives of geldanamycin (GDM) via dipolar cycloaddition CuAAC yielded 35 new congeners (3-37) with C(17)-triazole arms bearing caps of different nature (basic vs. acidic, hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic).

High-density genotyping reveals candidate genomic regions for chicken body size in breeds of Asian origin.

Body size is one of the main selection indices in chicken breeding. Although often investigated, knowledge of the underlying genetic mechanisms is incomplete. The aim of the current study was to identify genomic regions associated with body size differences between Asian Game and Asian Bantam type chickens.

Description of a new species of Laelaspis Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Brazil, with a key to the species of the Western Hemisphere.

Laelaspis loeckii Duarte Moreira sp. nov. is described based on the morphology of adult females and males collected from soil in a survey carried out in southern Brazil, in the temperate Pampa biome.

Multiple motion encoding in phase-contrast MRI: A general theory and application to elastography imaging.

While MRI allows to encode the motion of tissue in the magnetization's phase, it remains yet a challenge to obtain high fidelity motion images due to wraps in the phase for high encoding efficiencies. Therefore, we propose an optimal multiple motion encoding method (OMME) and exemplify it in Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) data. OMME is formulated as a non-convex least-squares problem for the motion using an arbitrary number of phase-contrast measurements with different motion encoding gradients (MEGs).

The Effect of Pre-Drying Treatment and Drying Conditions on Quality and Energy Consumption of Hot Air-Dried Celeriac Slices: Optimisation.

Celeriac is a good source of fibre, trace minerals, and phenolic compounds; it has a pleasant aroma but is a perishable material, prone to discolouration. This research investigated the optimisation of the quality and energy demand in hot-air dried celeriac slices. The experiment utilised the I-optimal design of response surface methodology with 30 experiment runs.

In situ novel environment assay reveals acoustic exploration as a repeatable behavioral response in migratory bats.

Integrating information on species-specific sensory perception with spatial activity provides a high-resolution understanding of how animals explore environments, yet frequently used exploration assays commonly ignore sensory acquisition as a measure for exploration. Echolocation is an active sensing system used by hundreds of mammal species, primarily bats. As echolocation call activity can be reliably quantified, bats present an excellent model system to investigate intraspecific variation in environmental cue sampling.

Uncovering convolutional neural network decisions for diagnosing multiple sclerosis on conventional MRI using layer-wise relevance propagation.

Machine learning-based imaging diagnostics has recently reached or even surpassed the level of clinical experts in several clinical domains. However, classification decisions of a trained machine learning system are typically non-transparent, a major hindrance for clinical integration, error tracking or knowledge discovery. In this study, we present a transparent deep learning framework relying on 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS), the most widespread autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease.

Females facilitate male food patch discovery in a wild fish population.

Responding to the information provided by others is an important foraging strategy in many species. Through social foraging, individuals can more efficiently find unpredictable resources and thereby increase their foraging success. When individuals are more socially responsive to particular phenotypes than others, however, the advantage they obtain from foraging socially is likely to depend on the phenotype composition of the social environment.

Investigation of Naturally Occurring Single-Nucleotide Variants in Human TAAR1.

Activation of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) in endocrine pancreas is involved in weight regulation and glucose homeostasis. The purpose of this study was the identification and characterization of potential variants in patients with overweight/obesity and disturbed glucose homeostasis. Screening for variants was performed in 314 obese or overweight patients with impaired insulin secretion.

MyMpn: a database for the systems biology model organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

MyMpn (http://mympn.crg.eu) is an online resource devoted to studying the human pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a minimal bacterium causing lower respiratory tract infections.

A nanodiamond-tapered fiber system with high single-mode coupling efficiency.

We present a fiber-coupled diamond-based single photon system. Single nanodiamonds containing nitrogen vacancy defect centers are deposited on a tapered fiber of 273 nanometer in diameter providing a record-high number of 689,000 single photons per second from a defect center in a single-mode fiber. The system can be cooled to cryogenic temperatures and coupled evanescently to other nanophotonic structures, such as microresonators.

Silver cluster chromophores for absorption enhancement of peptides.

We present a theoretical study of the structural and optical properties of tripeptide-silver cluster hybrid systems which shows that silver clusters induce significant absorption enhancement in the spectral region between 225 and 350 nm with respect to the pure peptide. This allows the use of clusters as chromophores for absorption enhancement of peptides and proteins and offers a potential for different applications in biosensing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cluster binding can change the conformational preference for the secondary structure type leading possibly to new functional properties.

[Ions and chromatin structure--morphologic and x-ray microanalytic findings].

It is quite common that the different procedures for isolation of nuclei make use of the purifying effect of sedimentation through concentrated sucrose. For this reason we investigated by light and electron microscopy the changes of chromatin structure in dependence on the amount and sort of ions present in the solution used for isolation and resuspension of nuclei. A decreasing concentration of monovalent cations (Na+, K+) leads to a swelling of the whole nuclei in consequence of the decondensation of the chromatin fibres.

[The use of small and large computers for setting up data banks for morphometry].

The organization and structure of data masses including results of scientific research is presented on the base of the morphometric method. The data massif is realized on ESER-1056 large scale computer. Currently, all the results of the universally scientific programme "Statist", designed for mathematical and statistical morphometric data processing, are collected in this data massif.

[Treatment of small cell bronchial carcinoma with reference to stage classification].

There are controversial views and discussions on surgical treatment of small cell lung cancer. A retrospective study covering the period from 1959 through 1983 has been conducted by the authors to analyse resective approaches to lung cancer. A total of 2,039 resections for lung cancer included operations on 354 small cell carcinomas according to the WHO nomenclature.

[Obstetrical urogenital fistulas then and now].

An analysis was made of the aetiology and localisation of 83 obstetric urogenital fistulae, in 15-year intervals, which had been treated at the Gynecological Hospital of Charité over the past 45 years, with the view to finding out, if obstetrics continues to play a causative role in fistulation. With overall figures having stayed nearly constant (31, 25 and 27 fistulae), an increase has been primarily recordable from causes relating to caesarean section and from fistula localisations in the vesico-uterine region. Obstetric causes accounted for 10 per cent and gynaecological causes for 90 per cent of 808 urogenital fistulae throughout the entire period under review.