Protein binding assays for an accurate differentiation of vitamin B12 from its inactive analogue. A study on edible cricket powder.

Inactive analogues of vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) can mimic the active Cbl in food if using the traditional microbiological measurements. Thus, overestimated Cbl was recently revealed in edible insects employing immunoaffinity adsorption, HPLC-separation and mass spectrometry (https://doi.org/10.

The good and bad of adipose tissue macrophage exosomes in obesity.

Adipose tissue macrophages regulate adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin-glucose homeostasis. In a recent study by Ying et al. (2021), M2 polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages secreted exosomes containing miR-690 that, when administered to obese mice, improved glucose-insulin homeostasis.

Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors.

Background And Aims: Non-high-density (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-particle number, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and small-dense (sdLDL) and large-buoyant (lbLDL) LDL-subfractions are emerging apo B-containing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors. Current guidelines emphasize lifestyle, including weight loss, for ASCVD risk management. Whether weight change affects these emerging risk factors beyond that predicted by traditional triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol measurements remains to be determined.

The importance of cholesterol follow-up testing under current statin treatment guidelines.

Under "treat to risk" goals, low-density (LDL)-cholesterol follow-up measurements monitor statin compliance rather than titration to target levels, however, there is little evidence showing that more-frequent monitoring reduces LDL-cholesterol. We therefore tested whether frequency of blood tests significantly predicted lipoprotein improvements in a large anonymized clinical laboratory database. Differences (∆ ± SE) in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol between baseline and follow-up visits were calculated for 97,548 men and 110,424 women whose physicians sent blood to Boston Heart Diagnostics for analysis between 2010 and 2017.

Effects of weight change on HDL-cholesterol and its subfractions in over 28,000 men and women.

Background: Changes in body mass index (ΔBMI) have well-established relationships to changes in high-density lipoprotein (ΔHDL)-cholesterol concentrations; however, their relationships to ΔHDL subfractions are less well understood.

Objective: Assess the associations between ΔHDL and ΔBMI in a very large cohort.

Method: Age and sex-adjusted Δapo A1 concentrations were measured within 10 HDL subfractions in 14,121 women and 13,969 men using two-dimensional HDL-mapping.

Fostering Strategies to Expand the Consumption of Edible Insects: The Value of a Tripartite Coalition between Academia, Industry, and Government.

Although many insect-based foods are nutritious and often an inexpensive option for human and domesticated animal consumption, there remains a negligible market for such foods in many countries. Several environmental and economic considerations underscore the potential value of insect-based foods, and emerging science suggests that diets incorporating such foods might also convey some genuine health benefits. However, if expanded markets for insect-based foods in cultures naïve to entomophagy are to be pursued, it will be important to develop multifaceted and coordinated strategies to ) delineate authentic health benefits, ) explore means of optimizing insect husbandry and food processing, ) examine cultural barriers to acceptance, ) formulate workable approaches to marketing, and ) address relevant food regulations.

Metabolic influence of walnut phenolic extract on mitochondria in a colon cancer stem cell model.

Purpose: Walnut phenolic extract (WPE) reduces proliferation and enhances differentiation of colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). The present study investigated the metabolic influence of WPE on the mitochondrial function of colon CSCs to determine its underlying mechanism.

Methods: CD133CD44 HCT116 colon cancer cells were selected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and were treated with or without 40 µg/mL WPE.

The impact of the new National Bone Health Alliance (NBHA) diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of osteoporosis in the United States: supplementary presentation.

We evaluated the prevalence of osteoporosis using the osteoporosis diagnostic criteria developed by the National Bone Health Alliance (NBHA), which includes qualified fractures, FRAX score in addition to BMD. The expanded definition increases the prevalence compared to BMD alone definitions; however, it may better identify those at elevated fracture risk. Recently an NBHA working Group published a paper in OI with recommendations for expanding the criteria that would constitute an osteoporosis diagnosis in postmenopausal women and in men over age 50 for use in the US - Siris et al.

The impact of the new National Bone Health Alliance (NBHA) diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of osteoporosis in the USA.

Unlabelled: We evaluated the prevalence of osteoporosis using the osteoporosis diagnostic criteria developed by the National Bone Health Alliance (NBHA), which includes qualified fractures, FRAX score in addition to bone mineral density (BMD). The expanded definition increases the prevalence compared to BMD alone definitions; however, it may better identify those at elevated fracture risk.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis in US adults ≥50 years using the NBHA osteoporosis diagnostic criteria.

Folate status and colorectal cancer risk: A 2016 update.

The consensus of epidemiologic evidence indicates that an abundant intake of foodstuffs rich in folate conveys protection against the development of colorectal cancer, and perhaps some other common cancers as well. Pre-clinical models substantiate that the relationship is a genuinely causal one. Pre-clinical models have also lent mechanistic insights into the biochemical and molecular pathways by which adequate folate exposure conveys these protective effects, and human studies are beginning to confirm the relevance of this mechanistic understanding to human cancer biology.

Association between Body Condition Score and Cancer Prognosis in Dogs with Lymphoma and Osteosarcoma.

Background: In humans and rodents obesity appears to promote some cancers by increasing incidence, tumor aggressiveness, recurrence, and fatality. However, the relationship between obesity and cancer in dogs has not been thoroughly evaluated.

Hypothesis/objectives: Whether body condition score (BCS) at the time of lymphoma (LSA) or osteosarcoma (OSA) diagnosis in dogs is predictive of survival time (ST) or progression-free interval (PFI).

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with progression of knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis causes functional limitation and disability in the elderly. Vitamin D has biological functions on multiple knee joint structures and can play important roles in the progression of knee osteoarthritis. The metabolism of vitamin D is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Effects of weight loss, induced by gastric bypass surgery, on HDL remodeling in obese women.

Plasma lipoproteins and glucose homeostasis were evaluated after marked weight loss before and over 12 months following Roux-en-Y gastric-bypass (RYGBP) surgery in 19 morbidly obese women. Standard lipids, remnant-lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C); HDL-triglyceride (TG); apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, E, and A-I-containing HDL subpopulations; lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mass and activity; plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after GBP surgery. Baseline concentrations of TG, RLP-C, glucose, and insulin were significantly higher in obese than in normal-weight, age-matched women, whereas HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I, apoA-II, alpha-1 and alpha-2 levels were significantly lower.

Roles for vitamin K beyond coagulation.

Recent interest in vitamin K has been motivated by evidence of physiological roles beyond that of coagulation. Vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins may be involved in regulation of calcification, energy metabolism, and inflammation. However, the evidence for many of these proposed roles in the maintenance of health is equivocal.

Relationships of body mass index with serum carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol at steady-state and in response to a carotenoid-rich vegetable diet intervention in Filipino schoolchildren.

In marginally nourished children, information is scarce regarding the circulating concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols, and physiological factors influencing their circulating levels. We determined the serum concentrations of carotenoids, tocopherols and retinol at steady state and in response to a 9-week vegetable diet intervention in 9-12-year-old girls (n=54) and boys (n=65) in rural Philippines. We determined cross-sectional relationships of BMI (body mass index) with serum micronutrient levels, and whether BMI is a determinant of serum carotenoid responses to the ingestion of carotenoid-rich vegetables.

Genetic variation at the LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase gene loci, lipid levels, statin response, and cardiovascular disease incidence in PROSPER.

Our purpose was to evaluate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR C44857T, minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.26, and A44964G, MAF 0.25, both in the untranslated region) and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR i18 T>G, MAF 0.

Carotene-rich plant foods ingested with minimal dietary fat enhance the total-body vitamin A pool size in Filipino schoolchildren as assessed by stable-isotope-dilution methodology.

Background: Strategies for improving the vitamin A status of vulnerable populations are needed.

Objective: We studied the influence of the amounts of dietary fat on the effectiveness of carotene-rich plant foods in improving vitamin A status.

Design: Schoolchildren aged 9-12 y were fed standardized meals 3 times/d, 5 d/wk, for 9 wk.

Food irradiation: a safe and useful technology.

Prevention of disease is a core public health mission. Food-borne illness is a major source of preventable morbidity and mortality. Each year, an estimated 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5200 deaths due to food-borne illness occur in the United States.

Use of the deuterated-retinol-dilution technique to monitor the vitamin A status of Nicaraguan schoolchildren 1 y after initiation of the Nicaraguan national program of sugar fortification with vitamin A.

Background: Nicaragua initiated a national program of vitamin A fortification of its domestic sugar supply starting with the 1999-2000 sugarcane harvest.

Objective: This study was conducted to document any change in the vitamin A status of a cohort of children during the first year of the program.

Design: The vitamin A status of 21 Nicaraguan schoolchildren (mean age: 6.

Interrelationships between human apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoproteins B-48 and B-100 kinetics using stable isotopes.

Objective: Our purpose was to determine the relationship between apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoB-48 and apoB-100 metabolism in moderately hypercholesterolemic humans.

Methods And Results: The kinetics of apoA-I within high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apoB-48 and apoB-100 within triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and apoB-100 within intermediate-density lipoprotein and low density-lipoprotein (LDL) were examined with a primed constant infusion of [5,5,5-(2)H(3)] leucine in the fed state (hourly feeding) in 23 subjects after consumption of a 36% total fat diet. Lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation; apolipoproteins by SDS-PAGE gels; and isotope enrichment assessed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry.

Ceramide mediates age-associated increase in macrophage cyclooxygenase-2 expression.

Previously, we showed that macrophages (MØ) from old mice have significantly higher levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production than young mice, due to increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA levels. The aim of the current study was to determine the underlying mechanisms of age-associated increase in COX-2 gene expression. The results demonstrate that increased COX-2 mRNA expression in the old mice is due to a higher rate of transcription rather than increased stability of COX-2 mRNA.

Whole grain intake and risk of ischemic stroke in women.

In a recent prospective study, whole grain intake was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke. Refined grain, however, did not elicit such protection. Given the potential health benefits associated with whole grain diets, further exploration on the effects of whole grains on health and risk of chronic disease is warranted.

Isomer differentiation by charge inversion tandem mass spectrometry: an investigation into the structure of the ionic products from an SN(ANRORC) eeaction.

Negative ion fast atom bombardment and negative ion chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry combined with charge inversion reactions are used to confirm that 2-chloro-5nitropyridine reacts with the hydroxide ion by an SN(ANRORC) mechanism in solution to form a ring-opened C5H3N2O 3 (-) anion that has the structure of the (M-H)(-) anion of 2-nitro-4-cyano-2-butenal. The addition of excess hydroxide ion forms the expected 2-oxy5-nitropyridine anion. In the gas phase the same reaction forms only the 2-oxy-5-nitropyridine anion.

1,25(OH)2D3 increases calcium and phosphatidylinositol metabolism in differentiating cultured human keratinocytes.

The effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on the intracellular calcium, (Ca(+2))i, in both cultured human keratinocytes and in cultured human dermal fibroblasts was investigated. When the intracellular calcium (Ca(+2))i in cultured human keratinocytes, grown in a serum-free medium containing 1.8 mM calcium, was measured by the fluorescent calcium-indicator, Furu-2, the (Ca(+2)i increased 154%, 202%, and 409% over the control value after incubation with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) at 10(-10) m, 10(-8) m, and 10(-6) m, respectively.