Toll-like receptor 3 signaling attenuates liver regeneration.

Unlabelled: The current model for liver regeneration suggests that cell damage triggers Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling via MyD88, leading to the induction of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and secretion of inflammatory cytokines that in turn prime liver regeneration. TLR3 is unique among TLRs in that it signals through TRIF (TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-beta), not through MyD88, and may lead to activation of either the inflammatory or apoptotic pathway. The inflammatory pathway leads to NF-kappaB activation, whereas the apoptotic pathway, believed to be mediated by Rip3, leads to caspase-8 activation.