Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Dementia rarely travels alone. People with dementia (PwD) often have multiple other physical diagnoses (multimorbidity) and experience poor quality, fragmented care. Over two thirds of carers of PwD are spouses, over half of which are 85 years old or above.

AI-assisted Digital Video Analysis Reveals Changes in Gait Among Three-Day Event Horses During Competition.

The value and welfare of a performance horse are closely tie to locomotor behaviors, but we lack objective and quantitative measures for these characteristics, and qualitative approaches for assessing gait do not provide measures suitable for large-scale biomechanical research studies. Digital video analysis utilizing artificial intelligence-based strategies promise to meet the need for an economical, accurate, repeatable and objective technique for field quantification of equine locomotion. Here we describe pilot work using a consumer-level digital video camera to capture high-resolution and high-speed videos of horses moving at the trot during mandatory inspections for international-level eventing competitions.

The clinical and cost effectiveness of a STAndardised DIagnostic Assessment for children and adolescents with emotional difficulties: the STADIA multi-centre randomised controlled trial.

Background: Standardised Diagnostic Assessment tools, such as the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), may aid detection and diagnosis of emotional disorders but there is limited real-world evidence of their clinical or cost effectiveness.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre, two-arm parallel group randomised controlled trial in eight large National Health Service Trusts in England providing multidisciplinary specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). Participants (5-17 year-olds with emotional difficulties referred to CAMHS) were randomly assigned (1:1), following referral receipt, to either receive the DAWBA and assessment-as-usual (intervention group) or assessment-as-usual (control group).

Cognitive reserve and its impact on cognitive and functional abilities, physical activity and quality of life following a diagnosis of dementia: longitudinal findings from the Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life (IDEAL) study.

Background: The concept of cognitive reserve may explain inter-individual differences in susceptibility to neuropathological changes. Studies suggest that experiences over a lifetime impact on cognitive reserve, and it is hypothesised that following a dementia diagnosis, greater reserve levels are linked to accelerated disease progression.

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal impact of cognitive reserve on cognitive and functional abilities, physical activity and quality of life in people with dementia.

"Will my fingerprint be enough?": Secondary school students struggle to purchase a healthy, tasty and sustainable meal on the UK free school meal allowance.

Objective: Free school meals (FSM) are a crucial form of support for families. This study aimed to investigate whether the FSM allowance can provide what is perceived to be, healthy, sustainable, and satisfying food.

Design: A mixed methods study incorporating co-production, citizen science and participatory approaches was conducted.

Open-set deep learning-enabled single-cell Raman spectroscopy for rapid identification of airborne pathogens in real-world environments.

Pathogenic bioaerosols are critical for outbreaks of airborne disease; however, rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens directly from complex air environments remains highly challenging. We present an advanced method that combines open-set deep learning (OSDL) with single-cell Raman spectroscopy to identify pathogens in real-world air containing diverse unknown indigenous bacteria that cannot be fully included in training sets. To test and further enhance identification, we constructed the Raman datasets of aerosolized bacteria.

Maize Streak Virus: Single and Gemini Capsid Architecture.

are ssDNA plant viruses whose control has both economical and agricultural importance. Their capsids assemble into two distinct architectural forms: (i) a T = 1 icosahedral and (ii) a unique twinned quasi-isometric capsid. Described here are the high-resolution structures of both forms of the maize streak virus using cryo-EM.

Comprehensive Physio-Biochemical Evaluation Reveals Promising Genotypes and Mechanisms for Cadmium Tolerance in Tibetan Hull-Less Barley.

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in agricultural soil is increasing globally and significantly impacts crop production and food safety. Tibetan hull-less barley ( L. var.

Assessment of the Effect of Multiple Processing of PHBV-Ground Buckwheat Hull Biocomposite on Its Functional and Mechanical Properties.

The influence of the addition of ground buckwheat hulls on the properties of biocomposite on the basis of 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) is presented here. The changes in the material after repeated reprocessing-up to five recycling cycles-are written in the paper. Analysis of the shrinkage, water adsorption, selected mechanical properties, tensile impact strength, hardness and the microstructure of the surface layer was performed.

How Habitat Simplification Shapes the Morphological Characteristics of Ant Assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Different Biogeographical Contexts.

Human-driven changes in land cover and use can significantly impact species ants community structures, often leading to a decline in taxonomic diversity or species homogenization. Ant morphology, used as a proxy for ecological function, offers a valuable framework for understanding the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on ant diversity. This study explored the morphological diversity of ant assemblages in agricultural ecosystems and secondary forests in Italy and the Brazilian Amazon, analyzing how these communities are structured and adapted to different environments.

α-Synuclein Deletion Impairs Platelet Function: A Role for SNARE Complex Assembly.

Granule secretion is an essential platelet function that contributes not only to haemostasis but also to wound healing, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Granule secretion from platelets is facilitated, at least in part, by Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor (NSF) Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) complex-mediated granule fusion. Although α-synuclein is a protein known to modulate the assembly of the SNARE complex in other cells, its role in platelet function remains poorly understood.

High Intensity Physician-Based Service Use for Mental Health Concerns in a General-Population Sample of Children and Youth: Utilisation des services de haute intensité dispensés par des médecins pour les problèmes de santé mentale dans un échantillon d'enfants et de jeunes de la population générale.

Objective: To examine factors associated with high intensity physician-based mental health care services in a population-based sample of children and youth in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: Data from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) were linked at the person-level to longitudinal health administrative databases containing physician contacts in outpatient settings, emergency departments and hospitals. Our analytical sample (15.

Optimum diagnostic pathway and pathologic confirmation rate of early stage lung cancer: Results from the VIOLET randomised controlled trial.

Background: Pathologic confirmation of lung cancer influences treatment selection for suspected early-stage lung cancer. High pre-treatment tissue confirmation rates are recommended. We sought to define management and outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for primary lung cancer in a UK multi-centre clinical trial.

Examination of ChatGPT's Performance as a Data Analysis Tool.

This study examines the performance of ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI and widely used as an AI-based conversational tool, as a data analysis tool through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). To this end, simulated data were generated under various data conditions, including normal distribution, response category, sample size, test length, factor loading, and measurement models. The generated data were analyzed using ChatGPT-4o twice with a 1-week interval under the same prompt, and the results were compared with those obtained using R code.

Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome among infertile women in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a significant contributor to female infertility and other various metabolic disorders. This systematic review estimates the prevalence of PCOS among infertile women in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.

Methods: The study searched five databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SCOPUS), from their inception to 2022 for observational studies conducted in GCC countries.

Multi-step optimization with operational scenarios for hull form and propulsor design for pod-driven cruise ships.

With the increasing demand for reducing CO2 emissions by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), controlling a ship's energy consumption at the design stage is crucial for proposing a 'greener' design. Some efforts have been made to consider the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) and the Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI); however, the latter remains highly complex and contentious. In this study, a multistep optimization analysis method was developed to integrate EEDI and EEOI evaluations during the design stage to meet low emission requirements.

Medial Deviation of a 6° Prosthetic Trochlear Groove After Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty Occurs in Four Types of Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) and Decreases the Forgotten Joint Score.

Background: The study focused on kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA TKA). It identified which coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) types are associated with a higher proportion of medial deviation of the 6° prosthetic trochlear groove (PTG) relative to the quadriceps' line of pull and whether medial deviation adversely affected the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS). The research calculated the minimum PTG angle required to prevent medial deviation by at least 2° in all patients.

Mycophenolate Mofetil Induced-Colitis: Is it More about Clinical Diagnosis?

Background: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressant commonly used for treating autoimmune diseases.

Case Presentation: We report a diagnostically challenging case of MMF-induced colitis in a patient after 3 years of initiation of MMF therapy. A 76-year-old Caucasian female with a history of Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy receiving MMF presented to the hospital with a 7-weeks history of watery diarrhoea and crampy abdominal pains.

Disposable and sensitive electrochemical magneto-immunosensor for point-of-care HCV diagnostics: Targeting HCVcAg, the active viremia biomarker, in patient samples.

Early detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is crucial for eliminating this silent killer, especially in resource-limited settings. HCV core antigen (HCVcAg) represents a promising alternative to the current "gold standard" HCV RNA assays as an active viremia biomarker. Herein, a highly sensitive electrochemical magneto-immunosensor for the HCVcAg was developed.

Polarity-Sensitive fluorescent probes based on triphenylamine for fluorescence lifetime imaging of lipid droplets.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease closely associated with metabolic abnormalities. Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as organelles that store intracellular neutral lipids and maintain cellular energy homeostasis. Their abnormalities can cause metabolic disorders and disease, which is also one of the distinctive characteristics of NAFLD patients.

Ecological Momentary Assessment for Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa and Their Parents/Caregivers in Family-Based Treatment.

Introduction: Studies have shown that early weight gain in family-based treatment (FBT) predicts treatment response in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN); however, research examining factors associated with early weight gain in FBT is limited. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in early FBT, particularly to capture momentary data on family climate during mealtimes.

Methods: Using multiple methods, quantitative (EMA) and qualitative (interviews) data were collected in the first 4 weeks of FBT.