Restoring tumor immunogenicity with dendritic cell reprogramming.

Decreased antigen presentation contributes to the ability of cancer cells to evade the immune system. We used the minimal gene regulatory network of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) to reprogram cancer cells into professional antigen-presenting cells (tumor-APCs). Enforced expression of the transcription factors PU.

Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) have consistently been shown to improve insomnia symptoms and other health-related outcomes, but the effects on QoL have been inconsistent. Many factors including the type CBT-I delivery and type of instrument used to assess QoL make the topic complex. The present systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the evidence of CBT-I efficacy on QoL outcomes across different populations, delivery modes, and methodological aspects.

Large-scale implementation of insomnia treatment in routine psychiatric care: patient characteristics and insomnia-depression comorbidity.

Treating comorbid insomnia is important for recovery from, and prevention of, depression. The objective of this study was to compare comorbidity and patient characteristics among patients having treatment for depression before and after implementation of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in a routine care internet treatment clinic. We hypothesized that insomnia comorbidity would be lower among patients having treatment for depression after the treatment for insomnia became available, and that depression levels would be high among patients in the insomnia treatment group compared to previous studies of insomnia.

An investigation and replication of sleep-related cognitions, acceptance and behaviours as predictors of short- and long-term outcome in cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia.

The objectives were to investigate the potential for sleep-related behaviours, acceptance and cognitions to predict outcome (insomnia severity) of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Baseline and outcome data from four randomised controlled trials (n = 276) were used. Predictors were the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep-10 (DBAS-10), Sleep-Related Behaviours Questionnaire (SRBQ), and Sleep Problems Acceptance Questionnaire (SPAQ), and empirically derived factors from a factor analysis combining all items at baseline (n = 835).

Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT-I Academy.

In the current global home confinement situation due to the COVID-19 outbreak, most individuals are exposed to an unprecedented stressful situation of unknown duration. This may not only increase daytime stress, anxiety and depression levels, but also disrupt sleep. Importantly, because of the fundamental role that sleep plays in emotion regulation, sleep disturbance can have direct consequences upon next day emotional functioning.

The European Academy for Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: An initiative of the European Insomnia Network to promote implementation and dissemination of treatment.

Insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder worldwide, confers marked risks for both physical and mental health. Furthermore, insomnia is associated with considerable direct and indirect healthcare costs. Recent guidelines in the US and Europe unequivocally conclude that cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) should be the first-line treatment for the disorder.

Proof of Concept for an Adaptive Treatment Strategy to Prevent Failures in Internet-Delivered CBT: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial With Insomnia Patients.

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate proof of concept for an adaptive treatment strategy in Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT), where risk of treatment failure is assessed early in treatment and treatment for at-risk patients is adapted to prevent treatment failure.

Methods: A semiautomated algorithm assessed risk of treatment failure early in treatment in 251 patients undergoing ICBT for insomnia with therapist guidance. At-risk patients were randomly assigned to continue standard ICBT or to receive adapted ICBT.

2018 Annual Report of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) - 50-year evolution of liver transplantation.

The purpose of this registry study was to provide an overview of trends and results of liver transplantation (LT) in Europe from 1968 to 2016. These data on LT were collected prospectively from 169 centers from 32 countries, in the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) beginning in 1968. This overview provides epidemiological data, as well as information on evolution of techniques, and outcomes in LT in Europe over more than five decades; something that cannot be obtained from only a single center experience.

Survival of children after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in childhood differs from adult HCC because it is often associated with inherited liver disease. It is, however, unclear whether liver transplantation (LT) for HCC in childhood with or without associated inherited disease has a comparable outcome to adult HCC. On the basis of data from the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR), we aimed to investigate if there are differences in patient and graft survival after LT for HCC between children and adults and between patients with underlying inherited versus noninherited liver disease, respectively.

Effects of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy and physical exercise on sick leave and employment in primary care patients with depression: two subgroup analyses.

Objectives: Depression can negatively impact work capacity, but treatment effects on sick leave and employment are unclear. This study evaluates if internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) or physical exercise (PE), with already reported positive effects on clinical outcome and short-term work ability, has better effects on employment, sick leave and long-term work ability compared with treatment as usual (TAU) for depressed primary care patients (German clinical trials: DRKS00008745).

Methods: After randomisation and exclusion of patients not relevant for work-related analysis, patients were divided into two subgroups: initially unemployed (total n=118) evaluated on employment, and employed (total n=703) evaluated on long-term sick leave.

A register-based study: adverse events in colonoscopies performed in Sweden 2001-2013.

Objectives: The rates for colonoscopy-associated adverse events vary considerably worldwide. In Sweden, the figures are known to a limited extent. We assessed the frequency of severe colonoscopy-related adverse events and the impacts of different risk factors, including the use of general anaesthesia.

Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers in Sweden: room for quality improvement.

Objective: Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC), a cancer occurring within a short interval of a colonoscopy, might be partly explained as missed or incompletely resected lesions. Associated risk factors are age, sex, comorbidity, cancer location, and colonoscopy volume. There is a gap in the knowledge of prevalence of PCCRC and the impact of different risk factors in Sweden.

Parents' presence and parent-infant closeness in 11 neonatal intensive care units in six European countries vary between and within the countries.

Aim: Little is known about the amount of physical parent-infant closeness in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and this study explored that issue in six European countries.

Methods: The parents of 328 preterm infants were recruited in 11 NICUs in Finland, Estonia, Sweden, Norway, Italy and Spain. They filled in daily diaries about how much time they spent in the NICU, in skin-to-skin contact (SSC) and holding their babies in the first two weeks of their hospitalisation.

Group Treatment for Adults With ADHD Based on a Novel Combination of Cognitive and Dialectical Behavior Interventions: A Feasibility Study.

To evaluate feasibility and preliminary effects of a new group treatment manual for adults with ADHD and to explore adherence to treatment and its relation to outcome. Eighteen adults with ADHD recruited from neuropsychiatric units in Stockholm underwent a 14-week program including combined cognitive and dialectical behavior therapy. Assessments were made at baseline, posttreatment, and follow-up, at one and six months after treatment end.

Development and technical functionality of an Internet-based intervention for tinnitus in the UK.

Purpose: Creative approaches to improve access to evidence-based tinnitus treatments are required. The purpose of this study was to develop an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) intervention, for those experiencing tinnitus in the United Kingdom (UK). Furthermore, it aimed, through technical functionality testing, to identify specific aspects of the iCBT that require improving.

Insulin and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 cooperate in pancreatic cancer cells to increase cell viability.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether interstitial insulin and cancer-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) cooperate in pancreatic cancer cells. A population of 45 nude mice were divided into one intact control group and six pancreatic tumor-carrier groups. Pancreatic tumors were generated using HIF-1-positive wild-type MiaPaCa2 (wt-MiaPaCa2) pancreatic cancer cells in three groups of carriers and MiaPaCa2 cells transfected with small interfering RNA against HIF-1α (si-MiaPaCa2 cells) in the other three carrier groups.

Randomised clinical trial: transoral incisionless fundoplication vs. sham intervention to control chronic GERD.

Background: Until recently only two therapeutic options have been available to control symptoms and the esophagitis in chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), i.e. lifelong proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy or anti-reflux surgery.

Risk factors and clinical aspects of delirium in elderly hospitalized patients in Iran.

Background: Recognition of the risk factors of delirium has been clearly advantageous in preventing and managing it as it occurs.

Aims: The main aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of delirium and identify the associated risk factors in a sample of hospitalized elderly in Southwestern Iran.

Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was performed on a total of 200 elderly patients, admitted to a general hospital for various health reasons.

Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J immunoreactivity is associated with white matter damage in cerebral small vessel diseases.

Aim: Brain clusterin is known to be associated with the amyloid-β deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed the distribution of clusterin immunoreactivity in cerebrovascular disorders, particularly focusing on white matter changes in small vessel diseases.

Methods: Post-mortem brain tissues from the frontal or temporal lobes of a total of 70 subjects with various disorders including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and AD were examined using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

Clinical aspects of palliative care in advanced Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders of the elderly population. Few therapeutic options are available for patients with PD requiring palliative care. Treatment of the early stages of PD is entirely different from later stages.

Early postoperative complications in patients with Crohn's disease given and not given preoperative total parenteral nutrition.

Objective: The effect of preoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the rate of early (within 30 days) postoperative complications in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) was examined.

Material And Methods: A series of 15 consecutive patients with CD (mean CD activity index score, 270) given preoperative TPN for 18-90 days (mean, 46 days) and undergoing bowel resection and primary anastomosis was compared with matching controls (105 patients) consecutively selected from all CD patients operated in Stockholm County during a preceding 20-year period without preoperative TPN.

Results: During the preoperative TPN, all the patients studied displayed clinical remission of CD as reflected in improvement in their general well-being, relief of abdominal pain, and abatement of fever and diarrhea.

Topical oxytocin reverses vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized pilot study.

Introduction: Oxytocin is a peptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus and it is best known for its role in labour and lactation. This double-blind, randomized study was performed at Huddinge Hospital of Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm in order to test the effectiveness of topical oxytocin gel in women with postmenopausal vaginal atrophy.

Methods: Twenty postmenopausal women (at least two years after menopause) with symptoms of vaginal atrophy such as vaginal dryness, pain, itching, discomfort and bleeding during intercourse were enrolled in the study when visual inspection of the vagina had confirmed that their mucosa was atrophic.