Compensatory behavior for mental workload induced by freeway destination signs.

Objective: Exit ramps are accident-prone areas of freeways. One of the reasons for this is the information overload induced by destination signs, which makes them challenging to recognize and may even result in tension or mistakes. This study examined the cognitive workload that destination signs place on drivers and the compensatory behavior they use to counteract the additional workload.

π-HuB: the proteomic navigator of the human body.

The human body contains trillions of cells, classified into specific cell types, with diverse morphologies and functions. In addition, cells of the same type can assume different states within an individual's body during their lifetime. Understanding the complexities of the proteome in the context of a human organism and its many potential states is a necessary requirement to understanding human biology, but these complexities can neither be predicted from the genome, nor have they been systematically measurable with available technologies.

Thgraphene with High Polysulfide Anchoring Ability and Catalytic Performance for Advanced Na-S Batteries: A First-Principles Study.

The sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries, with advantages such as high energy density, high specific capacity, and low cost, have attracted significant attention in the field of rechargeable batteries in recent years. However, their practical application still faces many challenges. In this study, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the performance of a 2D carbon allotrope, thgraphene, as an anchoring material in Na-S batteries.

A latent profile analysis of spiritual well-being and their relation to perceived social support and hope in patients with early-stage lung cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the subtypes of spiritual well-being among patients with early-stage lung cancer, examine the characteristics of each subtype, and determine the relationship between spiritual well-being and perceived social support as well as hope within these subtypes.

Methods: A sample of 418 patients with early-stage lung cancer from three hospitals in Hubei Province completed the general sociodemographic questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Herth Hope Index. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify the patterns of spiritual well-being in patients with early-stage lung cancer, and influencing factors of different patterns were identified by univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Linking Nanoscopic Insights to Millimetric-Devices in Formamidinium-Rich Perovskite Photovoltaics.

Halide-perovskite semiconductors have a high potential for use in single-junction and tandem solar cells. Despite their unprecedented rise in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for photovoltaic (PV) applications, it remains unclear whether perovskite solar modules can reach a sufficient operational lifetime. In order to make perovskite solar cells (PSCs) commercially viable, a fundamental understanding of the relationship between their nanostructure, optoelectronic properties, device efficiency, and long-term operational stability/reliability needs to be established.

Integrated bagging-RF learning model for diabetes diagnosis in middle-aged and elderly population.

As the population ages, the increase in the number of middle-aged and older adults with diabetes poses new challenges to the allocation of resources in the healthcare system. Developing accurate diabetes prediction models is a critical public health strategy to improve the efficient use of healthcare resources and ensure timely and effective treatment. In order to improve the identification of diabetes in middle-aged and older patients, a Bagging-RF model is proposed.

Statistical modeling of single-cell epitranscriptomics enabled trajectory and regulatory inference of RNA methylation.

As a fundamental mechanism for gene expression regulation, post-transcriptional RNA methylation plays versatile roles in various biological processes and disease mechanisms. Recent advances in single-cell technology have enabled simultaneous profiling of transcriptome-wide RNA methylation in thousands of cells, holding the promise to provide deeper insights into the dynamics, functions, and regulation of RNA methylation. However, it remains a major challenge to determine how to best analyze single-cell epitranscriptomics data.

Magnetic resonance image denoising for Rician noise using a novel hybrid transformer-CNN network (HTC-net) and self-supervised pretraining.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a crucial technique for both scientific research and clinical diagnosis. However, noise generated during MR data acquisition degrades image quality, particularly in hyperpolarized (HP) gas MRI. While deep learning (DL) methods have shown promise for MR image denoising, most of them fail to adequately utilize the long-range information which is important to improve denoising performance.

TRIM16 and PRC1 Are Involved in Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Targeted by Delphinidin.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and new biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and candidate drugs are needed. In this work, three PC-related microarray datasets (GSE183795, GSE28735, and GSE62452) were analyzed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of PC were obtained with the limma package in R.

MIRAAgo-Mediated Biosensor for Multiplex Human Enteroviruses Virus Typing Detection on HFMD.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), caused by enteroviruses, mostly including EV71, CVA6, CVA10, and CVA16, is an acute infectious disease commonly found in children. Due to no approved antiviral therapies and available vaccines, except for EV71, developing accurate diagnostic methods of HFMD is essential for controlling its spread and mitigating its impact on public health. Here, we create a MIRA-HEV-PAND multiple nucleic acid typing method that utilizes Ago to identify enterovirus type A pathogens (EV71, CVA6, CVA10, and CVA16) and universal type EVU.

Ag(i) emitters with ultrafast spin-flip dynamics for high-efficiency electroluminescence.

Carbene-metal-amide (CMA) complexes are appealing emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, little is known about silver(i)-CMA complexes, particularly electroluminescent ones. Here we report a series of Ag(i)-CMA complexes prepared using benzothiophene-fused carbazole derivatives as amide ligands.

An Auger electron-loaded theranostic biosensor triggered by the ACE2-mediated virus/host endocytosis.

Accurate diagnosis and effective antiviral strategies are critical to combat acute infection and to avoid damage to the host. Due to their restricted radiation range and energy, Auger electron emitters have shown potential as a RNA-destructing radionuclide therapy in oncology and infection. Focusing on the process of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-mediated endocytosis, Technetium-99m-labeled DX600 (Tc-DX600) was synthesized as an Auger electron vector to specifically bind to surface-expressed ACE2 proteins on 293T-hACE2 cells (293T cells stably expressing human ACE2), and Technetium-99m-loaded microvesicles (Tc-MVs) served as an antiviral tracer and effector in pseudovirus infection.

Shielding the Hägg carbide by a graphene layer for ultrahigh carbon efficiency during syngas conversion.

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis represents a key endeavor aimed at converting nonpetroleum carbon resources into clean fuels and valuable chemicals. However, the current state-of-the-art industrial FTS employing Fe-based catalysts is still challenged by the low carbon efficiency (<50%), mainly attributed to the prominent formation of CO and CH resulting from the nonregulated side water gas shift reaction. Herein, we describe a shielding strategy involving the encapsulation of the active Hägg carbide (χ-FeC) by a graphene layer, exhibiting excellent resilience under reaction conditions and exposure to air, thereby eliminating the need for reduction or activation before the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction.

C-reactive Protein, Genetic Susceptibility, and the Long-Term Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Past Cancer.

Background:  Several studies have indicated that C-reactive protein (CRP) level is associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the general population. However, CRP appears to be unrelated to VTE events in patients newly diagnosed with cancer. As the survival time of cancer patients increases, the effect of CRP on the long-term risk of VTE may change.

Energy consumption forecasting for laser manufacturing of large artifacts based on fusionable transfer learning.

This study presents an energy consumption (EC) forecasting method for laser melting manufacturing of metal artifacts based on fusionable transfer learning (FTL). To predict the EC of manufacturing products, particularly from scale-down to scale-up, a general paradigm was first developed by categorizing the overall process into three main sub-steps. The operating electrical power was further formulated as a combinatorial function, based on which an operator learning network was adopted to fit the nonlinear relations between the fabricating arguments and EC.

HTAD: a human-in-the-loop framework for supervised chromatin domain detection.

Topologically associating domains (TADs) are essential units of genome architecture, influencing transcriptional regulation and diseases. Despite numerous methods proposed for TAD identification, it remains challenging due to complex background and nested TAD structures. We introduce HTAD, a human-in-the-loop TAD caller that combines machine learning with human supervision to achieve high accuracy.

Adipose tissue macrophages-derived exosomal MiR-500a-5p under high glucose promotes adipocytes inflammation by suppressing Nrf2 expression.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), central players in mediating pro-inflammatory responses within adipose tissue, have been shown to influence insulin sensitivity through exosome secretion. While the role of macrophages-derived exosomal miRNA has been studied in various diseases, their pathogenic roles in T2DM, particularly ATMs-derived exosomal miRNA in adipose tissue inflammation, remain underexplored.

Additive interaction of pre-pregnancy BMI and assisted reproductive technology on the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Objective: To explore the combined effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and assisted reproductive technology (ART) on the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 3,220,103 women with singleton pregnancies from the National Vital Statistics System database for 2021. The outcome was the occurrence of PIH.

Visualization of Unconjugated Bilirubin In Vivo with a Novel Approach Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Rat Model.

Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) visualization is valuable for early bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) diagnosis and management. UCB neurotoxicity is a challenge, necessitating improved imaging modalities for precise localization and characterization. This study developed a noninvasive method for UCB imaging in the brain using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging, which visualizes UCB distribution through amide-bulk water proton exchange, a process termed bilirubin CEST (Bil-CEST) imaging.

Developing predictive models for residual back pain after percutaneous vertebral augmentation treatment for osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures based on machine learning technique.

Background: Machine learning (ML) has been widely applied to predict the outcomes of numerous diseases. The current study aimed to develop a prognostic prediction model using machine learning algorithms and identify risk factors associated with residual back pain in patients with osteoporotic vertebrae compression fracture (OVCF) following percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).

Methods: A total of 863 OVCF patients who underwent PVP surgery were enrolled and analyzed.