Skeletal Muscle Index-Based Cachexia Index as a Predictor of Prognosis in Patients With Cancer: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Context: Cachexia is associated with poor survival rates. In the clinical setting, the diagnosis of cancer cachexia is challenging. The cachexia index (CXI), a new index for predicting survival time, is a promising tool for diagnosing cancer cachexia; however, its efficacy in predicting patient survival has not been validated.

Intraductal photothermal ablation: a noninvasive approach for early breast cancer treatment and prevention.

Innovative treatment strategies for early-stage breast cancer (BC) are urgently needed. Tumors originating from mammary ductal cells present an opportunity for targeted intervention. We explored intraductal therapy via natural nipple openings as a promising non-invasive approach for early BC.

Nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 versus nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a multicenter, randomized, phase II study.

Background: Encouraging antitumor activity of nab-paclitaxel plus S-1 (AS) has been shown in several small-scale studies. This study compared the efficacy and safety of AS versus standard-of-care nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (AG) as a first-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, phase II trial, eligible patients with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic PC were recruited and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive AS (nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8; S-1 twice daily on days 1 through 14) or AG (nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8; gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8) for 6 cycles.

Case report: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor with fulvestrant in a patient with ER+/HER2- metastatic breast carcinoma induced fatal arrhythmias: a preventable event?

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors have shown synergistic anticancer effects with endocrine therapy against ER+/PIK3CA-mutated breast cancer. PI3K inhibitors for cancer therapy are becoming more common. There is an increasing need to understand their cardiac adverse events.

Development of prognostic signatures and risk index related to lipid metabolism in ccRCC.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm. Lipid metabolism-related genes may have important clinical significance for prognosis prediction and individualized treatment.

Methods: We collected bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data of ccRCC and normal samples to identify key lipid metabolism-related prognostic signatures.

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Combined Chemoimmunotherapy With or Without Radiation Therapy for Stage IVB Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of combining first-line chemoimmunotherapy with radiation therapy versus chemoimmunotherapy alone in patients with stage IVB esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods And Materials: We retrospectively examined 409 patients with stage IVB ESCC who received first-line chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 antibody, with or without radiation therapy of ≥40 Gy radiation dose to primary lesion, from 4 academic cancer centers between October 2018 and December 2022. Propensity score matching was conducted to minimize the potential confounding effects.

Personalized SO Prodrug for pH-Triggered Gas Enhancement in Anti-Tumor Radio-Immunotherapy.

The inhibition of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment by therapy regimens can impede the eradication of tumors, potentially resulting in tumor metastasis. As a non-invasive therapeutic method, radiotherapy is utilized for tumor ablation. In this study, we aimed to improve the therapeutic impact of radiotherapy and trigger an immune response by formulating a benzothiazole sulfinate (BTS)-loaded fusion liposome (BFL) nanoplatform, which was then combined with radiotherapy for anti-cancer treatment.

Role of gut microbiota in regulating immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant, invasive, and poorly prognosed brain tumor. Unfortunately, active comprehensive treatment does not significantly prolong patient survival. With the deepening of research, it has been found that gut microbiota plays a certain role in GBM, and can directly or indirectly affect the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in various ways.

BOLERO-5: a phase II study of everolimus and exemestane combination in Chinese post-menopausal women with ER + /HER2- advanced breast cancer.

Background: The global BOLERO-2 trial established the efficacy and safety of combination everolimus (EVE) and exemestane (EXE) in the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER +), HER2-, advanced breast cancer (ABC). BOLERO-5 investigated this combination in a Chinese population (NCT03312738).

Methods: BOLERO-5 is a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo controlled, phase II trial comparing EVE (10 mg/day) or placebo (PBO) in combination with EXE (25 mg/day).

Protective effects of butorphanol in oleic acid-endotoxin "two-hit" induced rat lung injury by suppression of inflammation and apoptosis.

Butorphanol is widely used as an anesthetic drug, whether butorphanol could reduce organ injury and protecting lung tissue is unknown. This study explored the effects of butorphanol on ALI and investigated its underlying mechanisms. We established a "two-hit" rat model and "two-hit" cell model to prove our hypothesis.

Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of SHR-A1811, a Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugate, in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Expressing or Mutated Advanced Solid Tumors: A Global Phase I Trial.

Purpose: SHR-A1811 is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody trastuzumab, a cleavable linker, and a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. We assessed the safety, tolerability, antitumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of SHR-A1811 in heavily pretreated HER2-expressing or mutated advanced solid tumors.

Methods: This global, multi-center, first-in-human, phase I trial was conducted at 33 centers.

Treatment plan complexity quantification for predicting gamma passing rates in patient-specific quality assurance for stereotactic volumetric modulated arc therapy.

Purpose: To investigate the beam complexity of stereotactic Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans quantitively and predict gamma passing rates (GPRs) using machine learning.

Methods: The entire dataset is exclusively made of stereotactic VMAT plans (301 plans with 594 beams) from Varian Edge LINAC. The GPRs were analyzed using Varian's portal dosimetry with 2%/2 mm criteria.

PRT-Net: a progressive refinement transformer for dose prediction to guide ovarian transposition.

Introduction: Young cervical cancer patients who require ovarian transposition usually have their ovaries moved away from the pelvic radiotherapy (RT) field before radiotherapy. The dose of ovaries during radiotherapy is closely related to the location of the ovaries. To protect ovarian function and avoid ovarian dose exceeding the limits, a safe location of transposed ovary must be determined prior to surgery.

Focus on the effect of nursing care combined with cognitive intervention and functional training on negative emotion, compliance and quality of life in elderly patients with sudden deafness: A retrospective study.

To explore the effects of focused solution nursing combined with cognitive intervention combined with functional training on negative emotions, compliance and quality of life in elderly patients with sudden deafness. A total of 160 patients with sudden deafness in the elderly who were treated in our hospital from January 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the objects of this retrospective study. Based on different treatment approaches, subjects were divided into a control group and an observation group.

Black rice diet alleviates colorectal cancer development through modulating tryptophan metabolism and activating AHR pathway.

Consumption of dietary fiber and anthocyanin has been linked to a lower incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study scrutinizes the potential antitumorigenic attributes of a black rice diet (BRD), abundantly rich in dietary fiber and anthocyanin. Our results demonstrate notable antitumorigenic effects in mice on BRD, indicated by a reduction in both the size and number of intestinal tumors and a consequent extension in life span, compared to control diet-fed counterparts.

Cervical lymph node metastasis as the first symptom of combined anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) and follicular carcinoma: a case report.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC) is a rare pathological type of thyroid malignancy. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid(PSCCT) is now considered as a subtype of ATC, hereinafter referred to as ATC-SCC subtype. ATC-SCC subtype combined with follicular thyroid carcinoma is exceedingly rare, with fewer cases reported.