PGRN Inhibits Early B-cell Activation and IgE Production Through the IFITM3-STAT1 Signaling Pathway in Asthma.

Progranulin (PGRN) plays a critical role in bronchial asthma and the function of various immune cells. However, the mechanisms by which PGRN influences B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and immunoglobulin E(IgE) production are not fully understood. The study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which PGRN affects BCR signaling, B-cell differentiation, and IgE production.

Chemical synthesis and application of aryldihydronaphthalene derivatives.

Aryldihydronaphthalenes (ADHNs) and their derivatives are widely found in many types of natural products, bioactive compounds, and functional materials, and are also important synthetic intermediates in organic chemistry, attracting widespread attention from both organic and pharmaceutical chemists. In the past two decades, the chemical synthesis and biological activity of ADHNs and their derivatives have become two hot spots. This review summarizes the synthetic protocols of ADHN derivatives, introduces some representative examples of the reaction mechanism, and focuses on the research progress of ADHNs in natural product chemistry and chemical biology since 2000.

Revealing the overlithiation effect on cycling and calendar aging of a silicon/graphite electrode for high-energy lithium-ion batteries.

Lithium (Li) plating, triggered by fast charging and low temperature, will cause performance degradation and safety concerns for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, strategically limited and controlled Li deposition might be advantageous for enhancing energy density. The detailed mechanism and regulation for performance improvement are yet to be fully explored.

Anoikis in cell fate, physiopathology, and therapeutic interventions.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) governs a wide spectrum of cellular fate processes, with a particular emphasis on anoikis, an integrin-dependent form of cell death. Currently, anoikis is defined as an intrinsic apoptosis. In contrast to traditional apoptosis and necroptosis, integrin correlates ECM signaling with intracellular signaling cascades, describing the full process of anoikis.

The interaction of innate immune and adaptive immune system.

The innate immune system serves as the body's first line of defense, utilizing pattern recognition receptors like Toll-like receptors to detect pathogens and initiate rapid response mechanisms. Following this initial response, adaptive immunity provides highly specific and sustained killing of pathogens via B cells, T cells, and antibodies. Traditionally, it has been assumed that innate immunity activates adaptive immunity; however, recent studies have revealed more complex interactions.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using blood serum samples.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious medical condition generally known as heart attack, which is caused by the decreased or completely blocked blood flow to a part of the heart muscle. It is a significant cause of both mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) is an important biomarker at different stages of AMI and is one of the most specific and widely used cardiac skeletal muscle proteins.

What's behind thoracic surgery explosion in young patients under the age of 40 in Wuhan after COVID-19 outbreak?

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a dramatic increase of chest CT scanning in Wuhan. This was partly a COVID effect: some private and public employers required employees to have CT examinations to confirm they were healthy before going back to work. But it also likely reflects the growing enthusiasm for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening.

Lipids, Apolipoproteins, Lipid-Lowering Drugs, and the Risk of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Serum lipids are causally involved in the occurrence of atherosclerosis, but their roles in cerebral small vessel disease remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal roles of lipid or apolipoprotein traits in cerebral small vessel disease and to determine the effects of lipid-lowering interventions on this disease.

Methods And Results: Data on genetic instruments of lipids/apolipoproteins, as well as characteristic cerebral small vessel disease manifestations, including small vessel stroke (SVS) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH), were obtained from publicly genome-wide association studies.

Recryopreservation impairs blastocyst implantation potential via activated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and induced apoptosis.

Recryopreservation (recryo) is occasionally applied in clinical, while the underlying mechanism of impaired clinical outcomes after recryo remains unclear. In this study, frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles of single blastocyst transfer in an academic reproductive medicine center were enrolled. According to the number of times blastocysts experienced cryopreservation, they were divided into the cryopreservation (Cryo) group and the Recryo group.

Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination: Mechanism, regulation, and related diseases.

Maturation of the secondary antibody repertoire requires class-switch recombination (CSR), which switches IgM to other immunoglobulins (Igs), and somatic hypermutation, which promotes the production of high-affinity antibodies. Following immune response or infection within the body, activation of T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens triggers the activation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, initiating the CSR process. CSR has the capacity to modify the functional properties of antibodies, thereby contributing to the adaptive immune response in the organism.

Recent Advances in Antimony Selenide Photodetectors.

Photodetectors (PDs) rapidly capture optical signals and convert them into electrical signals, making them indispensable in a variety of applications including imaging, optical communication, remote sensing, and biological detection. Recently, antimony selenide (SbSe) has achieved remarkable progress due to its earth-abundant, low toxicity, low price, suitable bandgap width, high absorption coefficient, and unique structural characteristics. SbSe has been extensively studied in solar cells, but there's a lack of timely updates in the field of PDs.

A universal oral microbiome-based signature for periodontitis.

We analyzed eight oral microbiota shotgun metagenomic sequencing cohorts from five countries and three continents, identifying 54 species biomarkers and 26 metabolic biomarkers consistently altered in health and disease states across three or more cohorts. Additionally, machine learning models based on taxonomic profiles achieved high accuracy in distinguishing periodontitis patients from controls (internal and external areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.86 and 0.

Combining action research theory with focus-solving short-term psychotherapy for psychological stress, adjustment, and rehabilitation in patients with postoperative acute myocardial infarction following percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of combining action research theory with focus-solving short-term psychotherapy on the psychological stress, adjustment, and rehabilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: Between January 2022 and January 2023, a prospective study was conducted involving 300 AMI patients at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Participants were divided into a control group and a study group, with 150 patients in each.

LGR4 attenuates MGP expression and suppresses EGFR activation-induced triple-negative breast cancer metastasis.

Breast cancer has emerged as the most common cancer globally, with a significant reduction in overall survival rate after metastasis. Compared with other types of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more prone to metastasize, presenting substantial treatment challenges due to the lack of effective therapies. LGR4, which is highly expressed in breast cancer, has been shown to promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells.

[Impact of Liparis nervosa extract on neuroinflammation mediated by LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells and its bioactive components analysis].

To investigate the impact and potential mechanisms of extracts from different parts of Liparis nervosa on neuroinflammation by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells. The materials of L. nervosa were subjected to crushing, ethanol extraction, and concentration to obtain an alcohol extract.

One-step synthesized multisize AuAg alloy nanoparticles with high SERS sensitivity in directly detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in widespread disease transmission, challenging the stability of global healthcare systems. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as an easy operation, fast, and low-cost technology illustrates a good potential in detecting SARS-CoV-2. In the study, one-step fabrication of gold-silver alloy nanoparticles (AuAgNPs) with adjustable metal proportions and diameters is employed as SERS substrates.