Heat-Induced Cytokinin Transportation and Degradation Are Associated with Reduced Panicle Cytokinin Expression and Fewer Spikelets per Panicle in Rice.

Cytokinins (CTKs) regulate panicle size and mediate heat tolerance in crops. To investigate the effect of high temperature on panicle CTK expression and the role of such expression in panicle differentiation in rice, four rice varieties (Nagina22, N22; Huanghuazhan, HHZ; Liangyoupeijiu, LYPJ; and Shanyou63, SY63) were grown under normal conditions and subjected to three high temperature treatments and one control treatment in temperature-controlled greenhouses for 15 days during the early reproductive stage. The high temperature treatments significantly reduced panicle CTK abundance in heat-susceptible LYPJ, HHZ, and N22 varieties, which showed fewer spikelets per panicle in comparison with control plants.

Transcriptome Changes Associated with Boron Deficiency in Leaves of Two Citrus Scion-Rootstock Combinations.

Boron (B) deficiency stress is frequently observed in citrus orchards and causes considerable loss of productivity and fruit quality. Carrizo citrange (Cc) has been reported as a rootstock more tolerant to B deficiency than Trifoliate orange (To). The 'Newhall' navel orange (Ns) performed better when grafted onto Cc (Ns/Cc) than when grafted onto To (Ns/To) under long-term B deficiency.

Solar Radiation-Associated Adaptive SNP Genetic Differentiation in Wild Emmer Wheat, .

Whole-genome scans with large number of genetic markers provide the opportunity to investigate local adaptation in natural populations and identify candidate genes under positive selection. In the present study, adaptation genetic differentiation associated with solar radiation was investigated using 695 polymorphic SNP markers in wild emmer wheat originated in a micro-site at Yehudiyya, Israel. The test involved two solar radiation niches: (1) sun, in-between trees; and (2) shade, under tree canopy, separated apart by a distance of 2-4 m.

RBM25 Mediates Abiotic Responses in Plants.

Alternative splicing (AS) of pre-mRNAs is one of the most important post-transcriptional regulations that enable a single gene to code for multiple proteins resulting in the biodiversity of proteins in eukaryotes. Recently, we have shown that an RNA recognition motif-containing protein RBM25 is a novel splicing factor to modulate plant response to ABA during seed germination and post-germination through regulating pre-mRNA AS. Here, we show that is preferentially expressed in stomata and vascular tissues in and is induced by ABA and abiotic stresses.

Positive selection of IL-33 in adaptive immunity of domestic Chinese goats.

The identification of the candidate genes that play key role in phenotypic variation in livestock populations can provide new information about evolution and positive selection. IL-33 (71954) (Interleukin) gene is associated with the increased nematode resistance in small ruminants; however, the role of IL-33 for the genetic control of different diseases in Chinese goat breeds is poorly described in scientific literature. Therefore, the current investigation was performed for the better understanding of the molecular evolution and the positive selection of single-nucleotide polymorphism in IL-33 gene.

The Eukaryote-Like Serine/Threonine Kinase STK Regulates the Growth and Metabolism of Zoonotic .

Like eukaryotes, bacteria express one or more serine/threonine kinases (STKs) that initiate diverse signaling networks. The STK from is encoded by a single-copy gene, which is crucial in stress response and virulence. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of STK in , a deletion strain (Δ) and its complementary strain (CΔ) were constructed to systematically decode STK characteristics by applying whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and phosphoproteomic analysis.

Genomic Prediction of Genotypic Effects with Epistasis and Environment Interactions for Yield-Related Traits of Rapeseed ( L.).

Oilseed rape () is an economically important oil crop, yet the genetic architecture of its complex traits remain largely unknown. Here, genome-wide association study was conducted for eight yield-related traits to dissect the genetic architecture of additive, dominance, epistasis, and their environment interaction. Additionally, the optimal genotype combination and the breeding value of superior line, superior hybrid and existing best line in mapping population were predicted for each trait in two environments based on the predicted genotypic effects.

Transcriptional Control of Dual Transporters Involved in α-Ketoglutarate Utilization Reveals Their Distinct Roles in Uropathogenic .

Uropathogenic (UPEC) are the primary causative agents of urinary tract infections. Some UPEC isolates are able to infect renal proximal tubule cells, and can potentially cause pyelonephritis. We have previously shown that to fulfill their physiological roles renal proximal tubule cells accumulate high concentrations of α-ketoglutarate (KG) and that gene cluster - contribute to anaerobic utilization of KG by UPEC str.

Removal of cadmium from contaminated by optimized complexation and coagulation.

Heavy metal pollution is a serious problem for ; however, the treatment of contaminated has seldom been studied. This study investigated the removal of cadmium (Cd) from contaminated and its lentinan by complexation and coagulation. Some influencing factors, such as pH, medical dosage, and preoxidation were examined.

Genes Promote Natural Deastringency in C-PCNA Persimmon by Up-regulating and Expression.

The astringency of Chinese pollination-constant non-astringent (C-PCNA) persimmon ( Thunb.) can be naturally removed on the tree. This process is controlled by a single locus and is dominant against other types of persimmons; therefore, this variant is an important candidate for commercial cultivation and the breeding of PCNA cultivars.

Overexpression of the Novel Arabidopsis Gene Alters Inflorescence Stem Wax Composition and Affects Phytohormone Homeostasis.

The cuticle is composed of cutin and cuticular wax. It covers the surfaces of land plants and protects them against environmental damage. encodes a novel protein in .

Characterization and Ectopic Expression of , an AP2/EREBP Domain-Containing Transcription Factor from Coconut ( L.) Endosperm, Changes the Seeds Oil Content in Transgenic and Rice ( L.).

Coconut ( L.) is a key tropical crop and a member of the monocotyledonous family Arecaceae (). Few genes and related metabolic processes involved in coconut endosperm development have been investigated.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of SPX Domain-Containing Members and Their Responses to Phosphate Deficiency in .

The importance of SPX domain-encoding proteins to phosphate (Pi) homeostasis and signaling pathways has been well-documented in rice and . However, global information and responses of SPX members to P stress in allotetraploid , one of the world's major oil crops that is sensitive to P deficiency, remain undefined. We identified a total of 69 SPX domain-containing genes in the genome.

Small RNA Based Genetic Engineering for Plant Viral Resistance: Application in Crop Protection.

Small RNAs regulate a large set of gene expression in all plants and constitute a natural immunity against viruses. Small RNA based genetic engineering (SRGE) technology had been explored for crop protection against viruses for nearly 30 years. Viral resistance has been developed in diverse crops with SRGE technology and a few viral resistant crops have been approved for commercial release.

Identification and Characterization of Segregation Distortion Loci on Cotton Chromosome 18.

Segregation distortion is commonly detected via genetic mapping and this phenomenon has been reported in many species. However, the genetic causes of the segregation distortion regions in a majority of species are still unclear. To genetically dissect the SD on chromosome 18 in cotton, eight reciprocal backcross populations and two F populations were developed.

Time-Series Analyses of Transcriptomes and Proteomes Reveal Molecular Networks Underlying Oil Accumulation in Canola.

Understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism is vital for genetic engineering of canola ( L.) to increase oil yield or modify oil composition. We conducted time-series analyses of transcriptomes and proteomes to uncover the molecular networks associated with oil accumulation and dynamic changes in these networks in canola.

Non-photochemical Quenching Plays a Key Role in Light Acclimation of Rice Plants Differing in Leaf Color.

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important photoprotective mechanism in rice; however, little is known regarding its role in the photosynthetic response of rice plants with differing in leaf color to different irradiances. In this study, two rice genotypes containing different chlorophyll contents, namely Zhefu802 (high chlorophyll) and Chl-8 (low chlorophyll), were subjected to moderate or high levels of light intensity at the 6-leaf stage. Chl-8 possessed a lower chlorophyll content and higher chlorophyll a:b ratio compared with Zhefu802, while Pn, F/F, and Φ contents were higher in Chl-8.

Ascorbate Alleviates Fe Deficiency-Induced Stress in Cotton () by Modulating ABA Levels.

Fe deficiency causes significant losses to crop productivity and quality. To understand better the mechanisms of plant responses to Fe deficiency, we used an cotton ovule culture system. We found that Fe deficiency suppressed the development of ovules and fibers, and led to tissue browning.

Use of Random T-DNA Mutagenesis in Identification of Gene , A Regulator of Conidiation, Stress Response, and Virulence in .

False smut of rice, caused by (Cooke) Takahashi (teleomorph: ), is one of the most important diseases affecting rice worldwide. -mediated transformation was used to identify functional genes in . In this study, we selected a single-copy insertion mutant T133 with deficiency in producing conidia by screening the T-DNA insertion mutant library of .

Updates in understanding the role of cyclophilin A in leukocyte chemotaxis.

Cyclophilin A (CypA), a well-recognized receptor for anti-inflammatory drug cyclosporine A (CsA) is a ubiquitous and multifunctional protein. Beside the diverse intracellular functions, CypA is secreted against inflammatory stimuli, where it activates and attracts leukocytes via CD147 to the stimulus site. Interestingly, it synergizes with other factors to induce leukocyte migration in different animals.

Screening, Expression, Purification and Functional Characterization of Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Genes from Hermetia illucens (L.).

Antimicrobial peptides from a wide spectrum of insects possess potent microbicidal properties against microbial-related diseases. In this study, seven new gene fragments of three types of antimicrobial peptides were obtained from Hermetia illucens (L), and were named cecropinZ1, sarcotoxin1, sarcotoxin (2a), sarcotoxin (2b), sarcotoxin3, stomoxynZH1, and stomoxynZH1(a). Among these genes, a 189-basepair gene (stomoxynZH1) was cloned into the pET32a expression vector and expressed in the Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with thioredoxin.

Mechanisms of Antibacterial Action of Quinoxaline 1,4-di--oxides against and .

Quinoxaline 1,4-di--oxides (QdNOs) are a class of bioreductive compounds, however, their antibacterial mechanisms are still unclarified. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of two representative QdNO drugs, cyadox (CYA) and olaquindox (OLA), to produce reactive oxide species (ROS) in Gram-positive anaerobe CVCC1125 and Gram-negative anaerobe B204. In addition, the effects of QdNOs on the integrity of bacterial cell walls and membranes as well as the morphological alterations and DNA oxidative damage in and were analyzed.

Nitrogen Source and Rate Management Improve Maize Productivity of Smallholders under Semiarid Climates.

Nitrogen is one of the most important factor affecting maize ( L.) yield and income of smallholders under semiarid climates. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of different N-fertilizer sources [urea, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), and ammonium sulfate (AS)] and rates (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha) on umber of rows ear (NOR ear), number of seeds row (NOS row), number of seeds ear (NOS ear), number of ears per 100 plants (NOEP 100 plants), grain yield plant, stover yield (kg ha), and shelling percentage (%) of maize genotypes "Local cultivars (Azam and Jalal) vs.

Noise Decomposition Principle in a Coherent Feed-Forward Transcriptional Regulatory Loop.

Coherent feed-forward loops exist extensively in realistic biological regulatory systems, and are common signaling motifs. Here, we study the characteristics and the propagation mechanism of the output noise in a coherent feed-forward transcriptional regulatory loop that can be divided into a main road and branch. Using the linear noise approximation, we derive analytical formulae for the total noise of the full loop, the noise of the branch, and the noise of the main road, which are verified by the Gillespie algorithm.

Introgressing Subgenome Components from and to for Broadening Its Genetic Base and Exploring Intersubgenomic Heterosis.

(AABB), is an allotetraploid that arose from two diploid species, (AA) and (BB). It is an old oilseed crop with unique favorable traits, but the genetic improvement on this species is limited. We developed an approach to broaden its genetic base within several generations by intensive selection.