Elucidating the biochemical basis of -16:1 fatty acid change in leaves during cold acclimation in wheat.

In plant cells, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in the chloroplast has a characteristic -∆3-hexadecenoic acid (t16:1) at the - position. The t16:1 content in wheat leaf tissues decreases during cold treatment, but the significance of this fatty acid compositional change and the underlying biochemical mechanism remains poorly understood. Using a large collection of wheat cultivars displaying a varying capacity of freezing tolerance, we show for the first time under field conditions that this low temperature induced t16:1 change is associated with winter hardiness.

[Analysis of economic benefits of Chinese medicine eco-agriculture based on multiple stakeholders].

As the most advanced environment-friendly production model in the international society, ecological agriculture of Chinese materia medica(CMM) is the only way for the development of modern agriculture. With the proposal of the declaration on ecolo-gical agriculture of CMM, "Don't grab land from farmland, don't be enemies of grass and insects, don't be afraid of barren slopes and forests, and live up to the green and green mountains", the ecological planting of CMM has blossomed all over the country, and formed a scientific theory, technology and model. Based on the theory and method of economics, this paper expounds the comprehensive benefits and development advantages of ecological agriculture of CMM from the perspectives of farmers(producers), patients(consumers) and the country.

A Single-Nucleotide Mutation in a GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE Gene Confers Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in .

Fusarium wilt (FW) disease of cotton, caused by the fungus f. sp. (), causes severe losses in cotton production worldwide.

Sublethal effects of bistrifluron on key biological traits, macronutrients contents and vitellogenin (SeVg) expression in Spodoptera exigua (Hübner).

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is a highly polyphagous pest originated from Southeast Asia but has spread globally, attacking economically important crops and fruits. Bistrifluron insecticide is one of the highly active insect growth regulators that has been reported to inhibit development and longevity in other lepidopteran species and could be used in the control of S. exigua.

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in marine food webs from Bohai Sea, China.

In this study, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including 13 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 17 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) are determined in 18 species (including plankton, invertebrate, and fish) from Bohai Sea, China. Trophic transfer of these compounds is also assessed in the marine food web. Significant trophic magnification (p < 0.

An efficient pipeline for ancient DNA mapping and recovery of endogenous ancient DNA from whole-genome sequencing data.

Ancient DNA research has developed rapidly over the past few decades due to improvements in PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, but challenges still exist. One major challenge in relation to ancient DNA research is to recover genuine endogenous ancient DNA sequences from raw sequencing data. This is often difficult due to degradation of ancient DNA and high levels of contamination, especially homologous contamination that has extremely similar genetic background with that of the real ancient DNA.

Metabolic profiling reveals local and systemic responses of kiwifruit to pv. .

pv. (), a bacterial pathogen, causes bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit. To elucidate the local and systemic influences of infection on kiwifruit, comprehensive analyses were conducted by combining metabolomic and physiological approach under -infected treatment and mock-inoculated control in leaves, stems, and bleeding saps.

Genomic and Phenotypic Divergence in Wild Barley Driven by Microgeographic Adaptation.

Microgeographic adaptation is a fundamental driving force of evolution, but the underlying causes remain undetermined. Here, the phenotypic, genomic and transcriptomic variations of two wild barley populations collected from sharply divergent and adjacent micro-geographic sites to identify candidate genes associated with edaphic local adaptation are investigated. Common garden and reciprocal transplant studies show that large phenotypic differentiation and local adaptation to soils occur between these populations.

Repellency of forty-one aromatic plant species to the Asian citrus psyllid, vector of the bacterium associated with huanglongbing.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating citrus disease worldwide. The organism associated with the disease is spread by an insect vector, , commonly known as Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). Current management of HLB relies either on physical removal of the infected plants or on chemical control of ACP.

Selective sweep analysis reveals extensive parallel selection traits between large white and Duroc pigs.

In the process of pig genetic improvement, different commercial breeds have been bred for the same purpose, improving meat production. Most of the economic traits, such as growth and fertility, have been selected similarly despite the discrepant selection pressure, which is known as parallel selection. Here, 28 whole-genome sequencing data of Danish large white pigs with an approximately 25-fold depth each were generated, resulting in about 12 million high-quality SNPs for each individual.

Recent Progress in Designing Stable Composite Lithium Anodes with Improved Wettability.

Lithium (Li) is a promising battery anode because of its high theoretical capacity and low reduction potential, but safety hazards that arise from its continuous dendrite growth and huge volume changes limit its practical applications. Li can be hosted in a framework material to address these key issues, but methods to encage Li inside scaffolds remain challenging. The melt infusion of molten Li into substrates has attracted enormous attention in both academia and industry because it provides an industrially adoptable technology capable of fabricating composite Li anodes.

Effects of the surface polarity of nanomaterials on their interaction with complement protein gC1q.

There are increasing studies about the biocompatibility of nanomaterials (NMs) as their applications in biomedicine become more widespread. The biocompatibility of NMs involves the recognition by the immune system including complement protein gC1q. In this work, the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) and self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-coated gold (111) surface with gC1q was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Novel Insights into Adipogenesis from the Perspective of Transcriptional and RNA N6-Methyladenosine-Mediated Post-Transcriptional Regulation.

Obesity is a critical risk factor causing the development of metabolic diseases and cancers. Its increasing prevalence worldwide has aroused great concerns of the researchers on adipose development and metabolic function. During adipose expansion, adipogenesis is a way to store lipids as well as to avoid lipotoxicity in other tissues, and may be an approach to offset the negative metabolic effects of obesity.

Effect of temperature treatment on fruit quality and immunoregulation of Satsuma ( Marc.) during storage.

Satsuma ( Marc.) is rich in high levels of nutrients and popular for its unique flavor, but the consumption of satsuma is limited by some adverse reactions in human body. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of storage temperature on the postharvest quality of satsumas, and little attention has paid to the effect of postharvest satsumas on human body immunoregulation.

Structural configuration and tetragonal phase stability in the equiatomic quaternary Heusler compound TiZnMnSi.

Heusler materials have aroused great scientific research interest during recent years due to their special electronic and magnetic properties. Especially for the equiatomic quaternary Heusler compounds, they exhibit very high composition flexibility and structure tunability. In this work, we have carried out a systematic study on the structural configuration and tetragonal stability for the Heusler compound TiZnMnSi by first-principles calculations.

Natural Variations and Dynamic Changes of Nitrogen Indices throughout Growing Seasons for Twenty Tea Plant ( ) Varieties.

Tea ( (L.) O. Kuntze) leaves are harvested multiple times annually accompanied by a large amount of nitrogen (N) removed.

Transcriptomic divergence between upland and lowland ecotypes contributes to rice adaptation to a drought-prone agroecosystem.

Introduction: Transcriptomic divergence drives plant ecological adaptation. Upland rice is differentiated in drought tolerance from lowland rice during its adaptation to the drought-prone environment. They provide a good system to learn the evolution of drought tolerance in rice.

Migration dynamics of an important rice pest: The brown planthopper () across Asia-Insights from population genomics.

Introduction: Brown planthoppers () are the most serious insect pests of rice, one of the world's most important staple crops. They reproduce year-round in the tropical parts of their distribution, but cannot overwinter in the temperate areas where they occur, and invade seasonally from elsewhere. Decades of research have not revealed their source unambiguously.

Multicentric origin and diversification of --like structures reveal mitochondrial gene flows in and .

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widely used genetic tool in modern hybrid rice breeding. Most genes conferring rice gametophytic CMS are homologous to and co-transcribe with . However, the origin, differentiation and flow of these mitochondrial genes in wild and cultivated rice species remain unclear.

A study revealing volatile aroma produced by in dough fermentation.

is important probiotics in Chinese Laomian. Its role in meat and fermented vegetable has been largely demonstrated, but few studies have investigated the role of in Chinese Laomian. For this purpose, we simulated Laomian fermentation using and .

Cross-species transmission of deltacoronavirus and the origin of porcine deltacoronavirus.

Deltacoronavirus is the last identified subfamily genus. Differing from other coronavirus (CoV) genera, which mainly infect birds or mammals, deltacoronaviruses (δ-CoVs) reportedly infect both animal types. Recent studies show that a novel δ-CoV, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), can also infect calves and chickens with the potential to infect humans, raising the possibility of cross-species transmission of δ-CoVs.

The Manipulation of RNA-Guided Nucleic Acid Cleavage with Ninhydrin Chemistry.

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) systems have been established as valuable genome-editing tools. Controlling CRISPR systems has high biological significance and this field has garnered intense interest. There is a considerable need for simple approaches with no need for protein engineering.

RNAi of AGAMOUS genes in sweetgum alters reproductive organ identity and decreases fruit persistence.

Sweetgums (), members of the family Altingiaceae (Altingiales), have inflorescences and floral organs that are distinctive in structure compared with other angiosperms in which the roles of floral homeotic genes have been studied. To begin to understand the role of AGAMOUS (AG)-a floral homeotic gene that has a major role in stamen and carpel development-in development of the monosexual flowers of sweetgum, we used RNAi to reduce the expression of two members of the subfamily. Because suppression should induce floral sterility, RNAi might also provide a tool to mitigate the risks of invasiveness-and to reduce the production of its nuisance fruits or allergenic pollen-when sweetgum is used as an exotic shade or forest tree.

Unoccupied aerial system enabled functional modeling of maize height reveals dynamic expression of loci.

Unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) were used to phenotype growth trajectories of inbred maize populations under field conditions. Three recombinant inbred line populations were surveyed on a weekly basis collecting RGB images across two irrigation regimens (irrigated and non-irrigated/rain fed). Plant height, estimated by the 95th percentile (P95) height from UAS generated 3D point clouds, exceeded 70% correlation () to manual ground truth measurements and 51% of experimental variance was explained by genetics.

High antiviral activity of mercaptoethane sulfonate functionalized Te/BSA nanostars against arterivirus and coronavirus.

Heparan sulfate (HS) is a kind of cellular adhesion receptor that mediates the attachment and internalization of virus infection. Herein, to mimic the cell surface receptor, mercaptoethane sulfonate (MES), an analogue of HS, was used as the surface modifier to synthesize bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated tellurium nanoparticles (Te/BSA NPs) with a unique triangular star shape (Te/BSA nanostars). Using porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which utilizes HS as a cellular receptor, as a model of arterivirus, we found that Te/BSA nanostars suppressed virus infection mainly by inhibiting the virus internalization process.