Pangeneric genome analyses reveal the evolution and diversity of the orchid genus Dendrobium.

Orchids constitute one of the most diverse families of angiosperms, yet their genome evolution and diversity remain unclear. Here we construct and analyse chromosome-scale de novo assembled genomes of 17 representative accessions spanning 12 sections in Dendrobium, one of the largest orchid genera. These accessions represent a broad spectrum of phenotypes, lineages and geographical distributions.

Monitoring of single-nucleus chromatin landscape of ischemic stroke in mouse cerebral cortex across time.

Ischemic stroke constitutes a multifaceted neurological affliction that spans various cellular types. Lack of dynamic chromatin accessibility data after stroke is one of the obstacles to understanding this process. To gain insights into the variations in transcriptional regulation among various cell types subsequent to a stroke, we employed single-nucleus ATAC-seq to curate a chromatin accessibility compendium from the cerebral cortex of mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R).

Non-additive effects of leaf-litter flammability on eight subtropical tree species: Implications for forest species composition and fire susceptibility.

The readiness of leaf-litter to burn in the presence of fire differs greatly between species. Thus, forests composed of different species vary in their susceptibility to fire. Fire susceptibility of forests may also differ from the arithmetic means of flammability of their component species, i.

Function analysis of RNase III in response to oxidative stress in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

RNase III, a ubiquitously distributed endonuclease, plays an important role in RNA processing and functions as a global regulator of gene expression. In this study, we explored the role of RNase III in mediating the oxidative stress response in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

Growing contribution to radiative forcing from China's on-farm nitrous oxide emissions requires more attention.

Agricultural systems are important emission sources of non-CO greenhouse gases (GHGs), including the relatively short-lived GHG methane (CH). As a pivotal emitter, China's CH emissions have received wide attention. For the first time, this study applied an indicator of radiative forcing-based climate footprint (RFCF) to compare the climate impacts of China's on-farm non-CO GHG emissions including CH and nitrous oxide (NO).

Red peel regulator 1 links ethylene response factor 25 and β-citraurin biosynthetic genes to regulate ethylene-induced peel reddening in citrus.

The reddish apocarotenoid β-citraurin, produced by CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 4b (CsCCD4b), is responsible for peel reddening in citrus (Citrus spp.). Ethylene induces the characteristic red color of citrus peel, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unclear.

Cotton GhMAX2 promotes single-celled fiber elongation by releasing the GhS1FA-mediated inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis.

Cotton GhMAX2 positively regulates fiber elongation by mediating the degradation of GhS1FA, which transcriptionally represses GhKCS9 expression. Strigolactones (SLs) are known to promote cotton fiber development. However, the precise molecular relationship between SL signaling and fiber cell elongation remains unclear.

Flexible Site-Specific Labeling-Mediated Self-Assembly Sensor Based on Quantum Dots and LUMinescent AntiBody Sensor for Duplexed Detection of Antibodies.

Over recent years, the LUMinescent AntiBody Sensor (LUMABS) system, utilizing bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), has emerged as a highly effective method for antibody detection. This system incorporates NanoLuc (Nluc) as the donor and fluorescent protein (FP) as the acceptor. However, the limited Stokes shift of FP poses a challenge, as it leads to significant spectral cross-talk between the excitation and emission spectra.

AutoGP: An Intelligent Breeding Platform for Enhancing Maize Genomic Selection.

In the face of climate change and the growing global population, there is an urgent need to accelerate the development of high-yielding crop varieties. To this end, vast amounts of genotype-to-phenotype data have been collected, and many machine learning (ML) models have been developed to predict phenotype from a given genotype. However, the requirement for high densities of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the labor-intensive collection of phenotypic data are hampering the use of these models to advance breeding.

The influence of perceived landscape value on tourists' behavioral intentions in historical and cultural blocks.

Historic cultural blocks are areas where a city's material cultural heritage and humanistic characteristics converge, showcasing the city's unique features and preserving rich and complete urban memories. Research on historic blocks primarily involves strategies related to protection, renewal, planning, and enhancement. However, there is a paucity of studies that explore the relationship between landscape value perception and tourist behavioral intentions from the perspective of recreation participants during the development and renewal of historic cultural blocks.

Extracellular vesicles promote the infection and pathogenicity of Japanese encephalitis virus.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious threat to public health. Currently, there is no specific therapeutic agent available for JEV infection, primarily due to the complexity of its infection mechanism and pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been known to play an important role in viral infection, but their specific functions in JEV infection remain unknown.

Evaluating the potential of in alleviation of aluminium stress in .

Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as aluminum (Al)] is becoming a serious global problem due to the rapid development of the social economy. Although plant growth-promoting rhizo-bacteria (PGPR) are the major protectants to alleviate metal toxicity, the study of these bacteria to ameliorate the toxic effects of Al is limited. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of different levels of (5 ppm and 10 ppm) of accession number of MT123456 on plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, oxidative stress and response of antioxidant compounds (enzymatic and nonenzymatic), and their specific gene expression, sugars, nutritional status of the plant, organic acid exudation pattern and Al accumulation from the different parts of the plants, which was spiked with different levels of Al [0 µM (i.

Wheat2035: Integrating Pan-omics and Advanced Biotechnology for Future Wheat Design.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is vital for global food security, providing energy and protein to millions of people worldwide. Recent advancements in wheat research have led to significant increases in production, fueled by technological and scientific innovation.

Deciphering the Coupling State-Dependent Transcription Termination in the Escherichia coli Galactose Operon.

The distance between the ribosome and the RNA polymerase active centers, known as the mRNA loop length, is crucial for transcription-translation coupling. Despite the existence of multiple expressomes with varying mRNA loop lengths, their in vivo roles remain largely unexplored. This study examines the mechanisms governing transcription termination in the Escherichia coli galactose operon, revealing a crucial role in the transcription and translation coupling state.

Antibacterial mechanism of vitamin K-mediated photodynamic inactivation against Pseudomonas fluorescens and its influences on blunt bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) quality.

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has emerged as a novel non-thermal process technology for inactivating microorganisms due to its low cost, safety, and efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of VK-mediated PDI against Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) and to assess its impact on the quality of the blunt bream contaminated with P.

Prediction of individual total amino acids and free amino acids in Chinese Holstein cows milk using mid-infrared spectroscopy and their phenotypic variability.

Establishing a high-throughput detection technology for amino acid (AA) content in milk using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy has profound implications for enhancing nutritional value of milk, identifying superior milk sources, producing specialty dairy products, and expanding Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) metrics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MIR spectroscopy in predicting the content of 15 individual total AA (TAAs) and 16 free AA (FAAs) in bovine milk as well as to investigate the major factors affecting the phenotypic variability of AA content. From March 2023 to March 2024, 513 milk samples were collected from 10 Holstein dairy farms in China and analyzed using Bentley spectrometers for MIR measurements.

Prediction of the likelihood of conception to first or second insemination in Chinese Holstein cows using milk Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy.

Accurate identification of cows' likelihood of conception during the period from recent calving to the first artificial insemination (AI) will provide assistance in managing the fertility of dairy cows and contribute to the economic prosperity and sustainability of the farm. The purpose of this study was to use FTIR spectroscopy collected from recent calving to the first artificial insemination (AI) to predict the cow's likelihood of conception to first AI, first or second AI. This study specifically focused on the role of FTIR spectral and farm data collected at different time windows in improving the accuracy of model for predicting the cow's likelihood of conception to first AI, first or second AI.

Enhanced immunogenicity of a BoHV-1 gG-/tk- vaccine.

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is a widespread respiratory infection that significantly impacts cattle health worldwide. To address this issue in China, we previously developed a novel double gene-deleted vaccine targeting gG and tk. In this study, we further evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine by challenging vaccinated cattle with a prevalent wild-type BoHV-1 strain and comparing its effectiveness against a commercially available inactivated BoHV-1 vaccine.

tRNA thiolation optimizes appressorium-mediated infection by enhancing codon-specific translation in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Thiolation, a post-transcriptional modification catalyzed by Uba4-Urm1-Ncs2/Ncs6 pathway in three specific transfer RNAs (tRNAs), is conserved from yeast to humans and plays an important role in enhancing codon-anticodon interaction and translation efficiency. Yet, except for affecting effector secretion, its roles in plant pathogenic fungi are not fully understood. Here, we used Magnaporthe oryzae as a model system to illustrate the vital role of s2U34 modification on the appressorium-mediated virulence.

Visualization of Hg Stress on Plant Health at the Subcellular Level Revealed by a Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Sensor.

The presence of Hg causes substantial stress to plants, adversely affecting growth and health by disrupting cell cycle divisions, photosynthesis, and ionic homeostasis. Accurate visualization of the spatiotemporal distribution of Hg in plant tissues is crucial for the management of Hg pollution; however, the related research is still at its early stage. Herein, a small-molecule amphiphilic fluorescent probe (termed ) was developed for the specific detection of Hg with a high sensitivity (~16 nM).

Embracing plant plasticity or robustness as a means of ensuring food security.

The dual challenges of global population explosion and environmental deterioration represent major hurdles for 21 Century agriculture culminating in an unprecedented demand for food security. In this Review, we revisit historical concepts of plasticity and canalization before integrating them with contemporary studies of genotype-environment interactions (G×E) that are currently being carried out at the genome-wide level. In doing so we address both fundamental questions regarding G×E and potential strategies to best secure yields in both current and future climate scenarios.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the seasonally polyphenic scorpionfly (Panorpa liui).

Mecoptera is a small relict order of insects within the Holometabola. Panorpidae is the most speciose family in Mecoptera. They are also known as scorpion flies due to the enlarged and upward recurved male genital bulb.

First Report of Influenza D Virus in Dairy Cattle in Pakistan.

Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly emerged zoonotic virus increasingly reported worldwide. Cattle are considered the main reservoir of IDV, although it was first isolated from pigs. IDV infects multiple animal species and contributes to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC).

Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity Analysis of Porcine Rotavirus A.

Porcine rotavirus A (RVA) is one of the major etiological agents of diarrhea in piglets and constitutes a significant threat to the swine industry. A molecular epidemiological investigation was conducted on 2422 diarrhea samples from Chinese pig farms to enhance our understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary diversity of RVA. The findings revealed an average RVA positivity rate of 42% (943/2422), and the study included data from 26 provinces, primarily in the eastern, southern and southwestern regions.

Evaluation of the Effect of the Live Vaccine (Strain 168) in Ningxiang Pigs.

[Background/Objectives] () is widespread in the global swine industry, leading to significant economic losses, and is particularly severe in native Chinese pig breeds. The Ningxiang pig, a well-known native breed in China, is susceptible to , exhibiting high morbidity and mortality rates. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the live vaccine (strain 168).