Structural and functional optimization of egg white protein hydrogels by succinylation: Gel properties and mineral enrichment.

The development of novel gel-mineral supplements is important for improving the health of patients with dysphagia. In this study, we used natural egg white protein (NEWP) and phosphorylated egg white protein (STEWP) as controls. We modified NEWP with succinic anhydride to produce varying degrees of succinylated egg white protein (SAEWP).

Resolving differences in digestion features of cooked rice and wheat noodles: A view from starch multiscale structure.

The staple foods play an important role in providing energy in the human daily diet. Wheat is the main staple food in northern China, rice in southern China, and the different staple food patterns between the north and south result in health disparities. Therefore, analyzing the differences in the digestion of staple foods are particularly important for understanding the digestive energy supply of staple foods.

Noncanonical transcription initiation is primarily tissue specific and epigenetically tuned in paleopolyploid plants.

Alternative transcription initiation (ATI) appears to be a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism of gene expression in eukaryotes. However, the extent to which it affects the products of gene expression and how it evolves and is regulated remain unknown. Here, we report genome-wide identification and analysis of transcription start sites (TSSs) in various soybean (Glycine max) tissues using a survey of transcription initiation at promoter elements with high-throughput sequencing (STRIPE-seq).

Unleashing the synergistic effect of promising fungicides: a breakthrough solution for combating powdery mildew in pea plants.

Pea powdery mildew, caused by , is a major limitation to global pea production. The emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogen populations due to frequent and injudicious pesticide application highlights the importance of exploring the synergistic properties of fungicide combinations. This study investigated the efficacy of difenoconazole, thiophanate-methyl, and sulfur, both individually and in mixtures, against powdery mildew and assessed the interaction types between these fungicides.

TSTA: thread and SIMD-based trapezoidal pairwise/multiple sequence-alignment method.

Unlabelled: The rapid advancements in sequencing length necessitate the adoption of increasingly efficient sequence alignment algorithms. The Needleman-Wunsch method introduces the foundational dynamic-programming matrix calculation for global alignment, which evaluates the overall alignment of sequences. However, this method is known to be highly time-consuming.

A small antimicrobial peptide derived from a Burkholderia bacterium exhibits a broad-spectrum and high inhibiting activities against crop diseases.

Crop diseases cause significant quality and yield losses to global crop products each year and are heavily controlled by chemicals along with very limited antibiotics composed of small molecules. However, these methods often result in environmental pollution and pest resistance, necessitating the development of new bio-controlling products to mitigate these hazards. To identify effective antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) considered as potential sources of future antibiotics, AMPs were screened from five bacterial strains showing antagonism against a representative phytopathogenic fungus (Rhizoctonia Solani) through the Bacillus subtilis expression system, which has been developed for identifying bacterial AMPs by displaying autolysis morphologies.

Biodegradation of commercial polyester polyurethane by a soil-borne bacterium Bacillus velezensis MB01B: Efficiency, degradation pathway, and in-situ remediation in landfill soil.

Polyurethane (PU), a widely used and durable plastic, persists in the environment, resulting in significant waste management challenges. Therefore, developing eco-friendly degradation technologies, such as screening for efficient biodegrading microorganism strains, is urgently needed to address this issue. Bacillus velezensis MB01B, an efficient polyester PU-degrading bacterium, was isolated from landfill soil and demonstrated the ability to degrade 91.

Characteristics and biological mechanism of protein degradation by the black solider fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae gut strain Bacillus subtilis S4.

The black solider fly larvae (BSFL) can efficiently convert nitrogen in organic waste into insect protein. Bacillus subtilis S4, an efficient protein-degrading bacterium from the BSFL gut, was isolated and identified to explore the mechanism of nutrient metabolism underlying BSFL nitrogen utilization. Results showed that B.

Effect of epigallocatechin gallate/transglutaminase synergistic cross-linking on the flavor of surimi gels.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and transglutaminase (TGase) can improve the structure of surimi gels, and have a significant impact on their texture and flavor quality. The formation and release of volatile odors due to EGCG, TGase and EGCG/TGase synergistic cross-linking of surimi gels were investigated. The characteristic flavor components of the surimi gels were aldehydes.

Antioxidant and renal protective effects of Nano-selenium on adenine-induced acute renal failure in canines.

Acute renal failure is a common clinical disease in canines, affecting antioxidant levels and decreasing the body's resistance. This study aims to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Nano-selenium in acute renal failure. The histopathological and imaging changes of kidney tissue were observed with the gene and protein expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 in the kidney.

Effects of immune response on different nano-adjuvants combined with H11 antigen of Haemonchus contortus.

The intestinal native protein H11 is one of the most immunodominant antigen of Haemonchus contortus. However, H11 combined with QuilA adjuvant shows only short-lived protection for animals. Nano-adjuvants have the huge potential to extend the immune response in human and animals.

Phosphorus uptake, transport, and signaling in woody and model plants.

Phosphorus (P), a critical macronutrient for plant growth and reproduction, is primarily acquired and translocated in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by roots. Pi deficiency is widespread in many natural ecosystems, including forest plantations, due to its slow movement and easy fixation in soils. Plants have evolved complex and delicate regulation mechanisms on molecular and physiological levels to cope with Pi deficiency.

A protocol for identifying universal reference genes within a genus based on RNA-Seq data: a case study of poplar stem gene expression.

Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) plays a crucial role in relative gene expression analysis, and accurate normalization relies on suitable reference genes (RGs). In this study, a pipeline for identifying candidate RGs from publicly available stem-related RNA-Seq data of different species under various developmental and abiotic stress conditions is presented. DESeq2's median of ratios yielded the smallest coefficient of variance (CV) values in a total of 292 RNA-Seq samples and was therefore chosen as the method for sample normalization.

Identification of novel transcription factors regulated by H3K27 acetylation in myogenic differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells.

H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) is crucial in muscle development as it regulates gene expression. Dysregulation of H3K27ac level has been linked to muscle-related diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, yet the mechanisms through which H3K27ac influences myogenic differentiation are not fully understood. Here, we utilized the SGC-CBP30 drug, a CBP/p300 bromodomain inhibitor, to reduce H3K27ac level and investigated its effect on myogenic differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells.

Molecular-scale investigation on the photochemical transformation of dissolved organic matter after immobilization by iron minerals with FT-ICR MS.

The interaction between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and iron minerals has a significant effect on its stabilization and preservation in the environment. In this study, iron minerals with different crystal forms (crystalline goethite and amorphous ferrihydrite) were selected to investigate the photochemical transformation process for DOM immobilized on iron minerals under simulated sunlight irradiation at the molecular scale with the help of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The results showed that a total of 7148 molecules were detected in alkaline-extractable sedimentary DOM, of which 38.

A metabolic roadmap of waxy corn flavor.

As well as being a popular vegetable crop worldwide, waxy corn represents an important amylopectin source, but little is known about its breeding history and flavor characteristics. In this study, through comparative-omic analyses between 318 diverse waxy corn and 507 representative field corn inbred lines we revealed that many metabolic pathways and genes exhibited selection characteristics during the breeding history of waxy corn, contributing to the divergence between waxy and field corn. We showed that waxy corn is not only altered in its glutinous property but also its sweetness, aroma, and palatability are all significantly affected.

Transcriptome and genome-wide analysis of the mango glycosyltransferase family involved in mangiferin biosynthesis.

Mangiferin, a C-glucosyl xanthone, is a biologically active glycoside naturally synthesized in mango. Glycosyltransferase can catalyze the biosynthesis of mangiferin. In this study, we identified 221 members of the UGT glycosyltransferase family in mango.

An endoplasmic reticulum localized acetyl-CoA transporter is required for efficient fatty acid synthesis in .

is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect humans and diverse animals. Fatty acids are critical for the growth and proliferation of , which has at least two pathways to synthesize fatty acids, including the type II de novo synthesis pathway in the apicoplast and the elongation pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Acetyl-CoA is the key substrate for both fatty acid synthesis pathways.

Ergothioneine improves cognitive function by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and decreasing neuroinflammation in a D-galactose-induced aging model.

Ergothioneine (EGT) is a sulfur-containing amino acid with strong antioxidant activity. In this study, a D-galactose induced mouse aging model was used to investigate the anti-aging effects of EGT. EGT intervention could significantly improve the recognition memory of aging mice.

The Mediator complex subunit MoMed15 plays an important role in conferring sensitivity to isoprothiolane by modulating xenobiotic metabolism in .

Rice blast caused by is one of the most economically important rice diseases. Fungicides such as isoprothiolane (IPT) have been used extensively for rice blast control, but resistance to IPT in is an emerging threat. In this study, molecular mechanisms of resistance in IPT-resistant mutants were identified.

Pathobiont and symbiont contribute to microbiota homeostasis through Malpighian tubules-gut countercurrent flow in Bactrocera dorsalis.

Host-gut microbiota interactions are more complex than good or bad. Both gut symbiotic bacteria and pathobionts can provide essential functions to their host in one scenario and yet be detrimental to host health in another. So, these gut-dwelling bacteria must be tightly controlled to avoid harmful effects on the host.

The pathogenicity-associated regulators participating in the regulatory cascade for RaxSTAB and RaxX in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

The RaxX sulfopeptide, secreted via a type Ι secretion system, is crucial for activating XA21-mediated innate immunity in resistant rice lines bearing the XA21 receptor kinase. Certain pathogenicity-associated regulators that control the expression of the raxSTAB-raxX gene cluster have been functionally characterized, but the comprehensive regulatory cascade of RaxSTAB and RaxX in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) remains incompletely understood.