Development of a Duplex-ddPCR assay for accurate quantification of pseudorabies virus through systematic optimization of amplification bias.

Pseudorabies (PR), caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV), is highly contagious. Although qPCR is widely used for viral DNA detection, it struggles with low-level DNA identification and precise quantification. To address these issues, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a more advanced method for detecting pathogens and providing absolute quantification of nucleic acids.

A Single Tube RPA/Cas12a Based Diagnostic Assay for Early, Rapid and Efficient Detection of in Sweet Cherry.

The fungus Botrytis cinerea is a devastating plant pathogen that causes gray mold rot in many fruits and vegetables, leading to substantial losses globally. The pathogen induces a broad range of symptoms, making it challenging to differentiate from other pathogens, especially when plants exhibit no symptoms during visual inspection. Therefore, an efficient early warning and rapid detection system is crucial for surveillance and monitoring plant health, as well as for quantitative pathogen risk assessment to reduce microbial risks.

An enhancer-promoter-transcription factor module orchestrates plant immune homeostasis by constraining camalexin biosynthesis.

Effective plant defense against pathogens relies on highly coordinated regulation of immune gene expression. Enhancers, as cis-regulatory elements, are indispensable determinants of dynamic gene regulation, but the molecular functions in plant immunity are not well understood. In this study, we identified a novel enhancer, CORE PATTERN-INDUCED ENHANCER 35 (CPIE35), which is rapidly activated upon pathogenic elicitation and negatively regulates antifungal resistance through modulating WRKY15 expression.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain RW1 During Salmonella Infection in Murine Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Murine Colitis.

Inflammatory diseases resulting from bacterial infections or inflammatory bowel disease pose significant threats to the health of both animals and humans. Although probiotics have emerged as a crucial preventive and adjunctive therapy for these conditions, the precise mechanisms through which probiotics regulate inflammatory diseases remain incompletely understood. In our previous study, animal-derived Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain RW1 (L.

Full-length single-molecule sequencing uncovers novel insight into the global landscape of the cold stress response in trifoliate orange ().

Trifoliate orange ( (L.) Raf.) is a cold-hardy citrus species that contributes to citrus production by frequently serving as a rootstock.

Spatially Aware Domain Adaptation Enables Cell Type Deconvolution from Multi-Modal Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics.

Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics (SRT) offers unprecedented opportunities to elucidate the cellular arrangements within tissues. Nevertheless, the absence of deconvolution methods that simultaneously model multi-modal features has impeded progress in understanding cellular heterogeneity in spatial contexts. To address this issue, SpaDA is developed, a novel spatially aware domain adaptation method that integrates multi-modal data (i.

Chromatin loops gather targets of upstream regulators together for efficient gene transcription regulation during vernalization in wheat.

Background: Plants respond to environmental stimuli by altering gene transcription that is highly related with chromatin status, including histone modification, chromatin accessibility, and three-dimensional chromatin interaction. Vernalization is essential for the transition to reproductive growth for winter wheat. How wheat reshapes its chromatin features, especially chromatin interaction during vernalization, remains unknown.

GmHSP40.1, a nuclear-localized soybean J domain protein, participates in regulation of flowering time through interacting with EMF1 and JMJ14.

Heat shock protein 40s (HSP40s) are a group of J domain proteins (JDPs), which serve as co-chaperones for heat shock protein 70s. We previously reported that over-expression of a soybean class C JDP, GmHSP40.1, in Arabidopsis activated defense responses.

Juvenile hormone regulates reproductive diapause through both canonical and noncanonical pathways in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris.

Diapause is an adaptive developmental arrest commonly utilized by animals to cope with seasonal changes. Central to this process are hormonal events that bridge photoperiodic cues and physiological changes. In insect reproductive diapause, the absence of juvenile hormone (JH) serves as the primary endocrine event that governs key diapause traits, including ovarian developmental arrest and lipid accumulation.

Discovering the antioxidant properties and interaction mechanisms of rosmarinic acid and kaempferol with grass carp hemoglobin: An experimental studies and molecular simulations perspective.

The effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) and kaempferol (KMP) on the pro-oxidant capacity of grass carp hemoglobin (Hb) and their interaction mechanisms were explored. Results revealed that in the 0.05-0.

AlphaFold 3.0 Prediction Reveals Stronger Interaction between Oleic Acid and Colipase than Palmitic Acid.

The interaction between colipase and lipase is known to be crucial for lipid digestion, but the roles of other factors remain unclear. This study explores the dynamics of pancreatic lipase hydrolysis facilitated by colipase, with a focus on the regulatory roles of fatty acids and calcium ions. Using computational modeling, including insights from AlphaFold 3.

Exogenous indole modulates several CpxRA-mediated virulence-related parameters of in vitro.

Unlabelled: Indole signaling has been regarded as a promising target to control aquatic diseases. However, the relationship between exogenous indole and the virulence of is obscure. is a facultative intracellular pathogen, and has been a model strain in aquaculture.

HTAD: a human-in-the-loop framework for supervised chromatin domain detection.

Topologically associating domains (TADs) are essential units of genome architecture, influencing transcriptional regulation and diseases. Despite numerous methods proposed for TAD identification, it remains challenging due to complex background and nested TAD structures. We introduce HTAD, a human-in-the-loop TAD caller that combines machine learning with human supervision to achieve high accuracy.

A novel type III effector RipBU from Ralstonia solanacearum suppresses plant immunity and promotes peanut susceptibility.

A predicted peanut R. solanacearum T3E RS_T3E_Hyp6 was identified as a definite T3E and renamed as RipBU. It is relative conserved in 31 R.

Effect of different anionic polysaccharides on whey protein's S/O/W bilayer emulsions containing EGCG: Molecular interaction and stability under various environmental stresses.

We aimed at investigating the effect of different anionic polysaccharides (pectin, carboxymethylcellulose, and gum Arabic) on the physicochemical properties and stability of whey protein isolate (WPI)- stabilized solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) bilayer emulsions loaded with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). S/O/W emulsions were prepared by homogenizing EGCG-loaded oil with an aqueous phase containing WPI and the selected polysaccharides. The emulsions were characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, microstructure, and rheological properties.

Iron forms regulate methane production and oxidation potentials in paddy soils.

Paddy fields serve as significant sources of methane (CH) emissions. The periodic flooding and draining in paddy soils induce alternating redox processes, leading to iron transformations and further influencing the production and oxidation of CH. However, the relationships between CH production/oxidation and the concentrations/forms of iron oxides in rice paddies across different regions are largely unknown.