The Impact of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on the Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection.

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Selective screening for lysosomal storage disorders in a large cohort of minorities of African descent shows high prevalence rates and novel variants.

Population studies point to regional and ethnicity-specific differences in genetic predisposition for some lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of the three treatable forms of lysosomal storage disorders (Gaucher disease [GD], Pompe disease [PD], and Fabry disease [FD]) in a cohort of mostly urban-dwelling individuals of African ancestry, a previously unknown genetic landscape for LSDs. Large-scale selective multistep biochemical and genetic screening was performed in patients seeking healthcare for various health concerns.

Preconception leptin levels and pregnancy outcomes: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: Obesity has become a major, worldwide public health issue and is associated with a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Leptin, a hormone produced by adipocytes, is elevated in individuals with obesity and may mediate the association between obesity and pregnancy outcomes. Though leptin levels during pregnancy have been associated with pregnancy outcomes, less is understood regarding preconception levels.

The Delta of Correction: a novel, more reliable variable than limb-length discrepancy at predicting outcome after total hip arthroplasty.

Background: Leg-length discrepancy (LLD) is a frequent and recurring issue after total hip arthroplasty (THA). It can lead to discomfort and litigation due to the patient's perception of this inequality.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional impact of postoperative LLD and length correction in patients after primary THA.

GABAergic Neurons as Putative Neurochemical Substrate Mediating Aversive Effects of Nicotine.

Nicotine, the main addictive component of tobacco smoke, has both rewarding and aversive properties. Recent studies have suggested that GABAergic neurons, one of the main neurochemical components of the reward-addiction circuitry, may also play a role in the aversive responses to nicotine. In the present study of transgenic mice expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in Glutamate Decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) neurons, we hypothesized that a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) are the targets of aversive doses of nicotine in the CNS.

Psychosocial factors influence parental decision for circumcision in pediatric males of African American descent.

Background: The most recent policy statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests there are insufficient data to recommend routine newborn circumcision. Nevertheless, circumcision rates have not declined in the United States. Some studies suggest that African Americans are less likely to be circumcised.

Expression of alpha-7 and alpha-4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by GABAergic neurons of rostral ventral medulla and caudal pons.

Rostral ventral medulla (RVM) contains significant numbers of local GABAergic neurons which may subserve respiratory chemosensory and baroreceptor reflexes. Nicotinic mechanisms stimulate release of GABA in certain brainstem neurons. Whether the GABAergic neurons at RVM express nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) is not known.

Benign subarachnoid space enlargement of infancy.

Subarachnoid space enlargement is a benign clinical entity characterized by rapid head enlargement in an infant with normal neurodevelopment. We report on two infants who had rapid increases in head circumference, family histories of macrocephaly, and normal neurodevelopment. Radiologic investigations in both infants showed subarachnoid space fluid collection but normal ventricular size.