Social Phenotyping for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Electronic Health Registries.

Purpose Of Review: Evaluation of social influences on cardiovascular care requires a comprehensive analysis encompassing economic, societal, and environmental factors. The increased utilization of electronic health registries provides a foundation for social phenotyping, yet standardization in methodology remains lacking. This review aimed to elucidate the primary approaches to social phenotyping for cardiovascular risk stratification through electronic health registries.

Association between high risk of obstructive sleep apnea and inflammatory markers in a population sample of young and middle-aged adults in the Miami Heart Study.

Study Objectives: There are limited data depicting the association between high risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the levels of inflammatory markers in a population-based sample free from cardiovascular disease (CVD). In a large US cohort enriched with a Hispanic population and free of CVD, we aimed to assess the association between high risk of OSA and inflammatory markers.

Methods: We analyzed data for 2,359 clinical CVD-free participants from the Miami Heart Study, aged 40-65 years (May 2015-September 2018).

Culprit-Only Revascularization, Single-Setting Complete Revascularization, and Staged Complete Revascularization in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From a Mixed Treatment Comparison Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

Background: Complete revascularization improves cardiovascular outcomes compared with culprit-only revascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction ([MI]; ST-segment-elevation MI or non-ST-segment-elevation MI) and multivessel coronary artery disease. However, the timing of complete revascularization (single-setting versus staged revascularization) is uncertain. The aim was to compare the outcomes of single-setting complete, staged complete, and culprit vessel-only revascularization in patients with acute MI and multivessel disease.

Simultaneous Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia and Hemodynamic Improvement of Mid-ventricular Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy by Coronary Venous Ethanol Ablation.

Transvenous coronary ethanol ablation may be successfully applied to simultaneously treat ventricular arrhythmia superimposed within a segment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This presentation nicely describes this emerging technique for ventricular tachycardia ablation and identifies potential additional benefits of venous ethanol administration in patients with left ventricular obstructive physiology.

AI-enabled Cardiac Chambers Volumetry and Calcified Plaque Characterization in Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Scans (AI-CAC) Significantly Improves on Agatston CAC Score for Predicting All Cardiovascular Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scans contain valuable information beyond the Agatston Score which is currently reported for predicting coronary heart disease (CHD) only. We examined whether new artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms applied to CAC scans may provide significant improvement in prediction of all cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in addition to CHD, including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and all CVD-related deaths.

Methods: We applied AI-enabled automated cardiac chambers volumetry and automated calcified plaque characterization to CAC scans (AI-CAC) of 5830 individuals (52.

Fundamental Technical Skills of Endovascular Surgery: A Preliminary Study on Its Impact on Skills and Stress during Procedures.

Background: Our objective is twofold: determining if simulation allows residents to reach proficient surgeons' performance concerning fundamental technical skills of endovascular surgery (FEVS) while investigating effects of the program on surgeons' stress.

Methods: Using a FEVS training simulator, 8 endovascular FEVS were performed by vascular surgery residents (simulator-naive or simulator-experienced residents [SER]) and seniors. Total time needed to complete the 8 tasks, called total completion time (TCT), was the main evaluation criterion.

Sex-Based Differences in Patients With Left Ventricular-Assisted Devices and Strokes.

Background: Sex-based differences in clinical outcomes among patients with stroke related to left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are not well described.

Objectives: In this study, the authors examined differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes in men and women who had a stroke during LVAD hospitalization.

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample from 2010 and 2019 was used to identify patients with stroke during LVAD hospitalization.

Air Pollution and Adverse Cardiovascular Events After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A 10-Year Nationwide Study.

Background: Increased particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM) air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, its impact on patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is unknown.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes and Cholesterol-Lowering Efficacy of PCSK9 Inhibitors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) thresholds are often not achieved in women. The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 inhibitor (PCSK9i) monoclonal antibodies can help further reduce LDL-C and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) although differences in efficacy by sex and type are less understood.

Objectives: The authors sought to determine if there are differences in the efficacy of LDL-C lowering and reduction in the risk of MACE by sex and type of PCSK9i.

Intraindividual Comparison of Dose Reduction and Coronary Calcium Scoring Accuracy Using Kilovolt-independent and Tin Filtration CT Protocols.

Purpose To investigate the ability of kilovolt-independent (hereafter, kV-independent) and tin filter spectral shaping to accurately quantify the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and radiation dose reductions compared with the standard 120-kV CT protocol. Materials and Methods This prospective, blinded reader study included 201 participants (mean age, 60 years ± 9.8 [SD]; 119 female, 82 male) who underwent standard 120-kV CT and additional kV-independent and tin filter research CT scans from October 2020 to July 2021.

Perme ICU Physical Therapy Competency: Development of an ICU Knowledge and Skills Assessment Tool.

Background: Physical therapy for patients in the ICU is advanced practice demanding specialized knowledge and skills. However, ICU physical therapy competency standards lack uniformity or defined processes.

Objectives: To describe the development process of the Perme ICU Physical Therapy Competency and to assess its face and content validity.

Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based T1 Mapping and Extracellular Volume Fractions Are Associated with Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Extracellular volume fraction (ECV), measured with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI), has been utilized to study myocardial fibrosis, but its role in peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains unknown. We hypothesized that T1 mapping and ECV differ between PAD patients and matched controls.

Methods And Results: A total of 37 individuals (18 PAD patients and 19 matched controls) underwent 3.

Survey results of COVID-19 pandemic on female surgical trainees: New normal work environment.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on surgical training globally. We aimed to explore and identify the specific challenges faced by women surgeons during the pandemic and provide recommendations for improvement.

Methods: A survey was conducted among trainee members of the Association of Women Surgeons, assessing various aspects of clinical training, mental well-being, and personal and professional life.

Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defect.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defects (ASDs) are two types of interatrial communications with unique clinical presentations and management strategies. The PFO is a normal part of fetal development that typically closes shortly after birth but may persist in as many as 25% to 30% of adults. The communication between atria may result in paradoxic embolism and embolic stroke.

Complete spatiotemporal quantification of cardiac motion in mice through enhanced acquisition and super-resolution reconstruction.

The quantification of cardiac motion using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has shown promise as an early-stage marker for cardiovascular diseases. Despite the growing popularity of CMR-based myocardial strain calculations, measures of complete spatiotemporal strains (i.e.

Comparing Management Strategies in Patients With Clot-in-Transit.

Background: Clot-in-transit is associated with high mortality, but optimal management strategies remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of different treatment strategies in patients with clot-in-transit.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with documented clot-in-transit in the right heart on echocardiography across 2 institutions between January 2020 and October 2023.

Association between socioeconomic and psychosocial factors with use of interventional and surgical treatments and outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction - Inpatient data of the largest European health care system.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is an important driver of both morbidity and mortality on a global scale. Elucidating social inequalities may help to identify vulnerable groups as well as treatment imbalances and guide efforts to improve care for MI.

Methods: All hospitalized patient-cases with confirmed MI 2005-2020 in Germany were included in the study and stratified for socioeconomic or psychosocial factors (SPF) and the impact of SPF on treatment usage and adverse in-hospital events was analyzed.

Impact of Left Atrial Pressure on Outcomes After Mitral Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair.

Background: Increased left atrial pressure (LAP) has been associated with adverse outcomes after mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER). We sought to evaluate outcomes based on differences in postprocedural LAP measured after the final clip deployment.

Methods: We included consecutive patients who underwent M-TEER at our institution between 2014 and 2022 with LAP monitoring.

Evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure by echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Echocardiography is widely used to evaluate left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients suspected of heart failure. For patients in sinus rhythm, a combination of several echocardiographic parameters can differentiate between normal and elevated LV filling pressure with good accuracy. However, there is no established echocardiographic approach for the evaluation of LV filling pressure in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Transcatheter heart valve explant with infective endocarditis-associated prosthesis failure and outcomes: the EXPLANT-TAVR international registry.

Background And Aims: Surgical explantation of transcatheter heart valves (THVs) is rapidly increasing, but there are limited data on patients with THV-associated infective endocarditis (IE). This study aims to assess the outcomes of patients undergoing THV explant for IE.

Methods: All patients who underwent THV explant between 2011 and 2022 from 44 sites in the EXPLANT-TAVR registry were identified.