Increased MASH-associated liver cancer in younger demographics.

Background: The incidence of cancer and the prevalence of metabolic disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is increasing in young adults. However, updated global data on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-associated primary liver cancer (PLC) in young adults remains scarce.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease study between 2000 and 2021 to assess the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years rates from MASH-associated PLC in young adults (15-49 y).

Differential Neutralization Profiles of 17DD Vaccinated Population to 17D-204 and 17DD Vaccine Strains.

: Yellow fever virus (YFV) (, ) is the etiologic agent of yellow fever (YF), a vector-borne disease with significant morbidity and mortality across the tropics and neotropics, despite having a highly efficacious and safe vaccine (17D). Vaccination provides lifelong protection from YF disease mediated by humoral immunity. There are several versions of the original 17D vaccine: 17D-204 (marketed in the USA as YF-VAX, in France as Stamaril, and in China as Tiantan-V), 17D-213 (Russian Federation), and 17DD (by FIOCRUZ in Brazil).

Vitamin B, B, and B Intakes and Risk of Gastric Cancer: Findings from a Case-Control Study.

Background/objectives: Gastric cancer is one of the leading malignancies worldwide. B vitamins play important roles in DNA synthesis and methylation because they are considered co-enzymes in one-carbon metabolism. There is inconclusive evidence regarding the associations between dietary vitamins B, B, and B with the risk of gastric cancer in different epidemiologic studies.

Defensive Medicine in an Emergency Department: The Overuse of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Testing.

Introduction: Cardiac troponin I is routinely measured in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. However, when a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) test is ordered without a clear clinical indication, unexpectedly elevated levels can lead to unnecessary diagnostic workups and inappropriate management. This study aimed to investigate physicians' rationale for performing hs-cTnI tests in an emergency department (ED).

Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation Combined with Locomotor Training Improves Functional Outcomes in a Child with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study.

Background And Purpose: activities-based locomotor training (AB-LT) is a restorative therapeutic approach to the treatment of movement deficits in people with non-progressive neurological conditions, including cerebral palsy (CP). Transcutaneous spinal stimulation (TSS) is an emerging tool in the rehabilitation of individuals with sensorimotor deficits caused by neurological dysfunction. This non-invasive technique delivers electrical stimulation over the spinal cord, leading to the modulation of spinal sensorimotor networks.

ZFP36L2 Is a Potential Prognostic Marker of IL1β Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma stands as the predominant bone malignancy afflicting children and young adults. Despite strides in treatment, the enduring reality is that the long-term survival rates for patients grappling with recurrences and metastases linger at a mere 30%. This underscores the pressing demand for novel prognostic markers and therapeutic avenues to improve outcomes and offer hope to those battling this formidable disease.

A Whodunnit: Anterior ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Patient Found to Have Apparent Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, Left Anterior Descending Artery Disease, and Myocardial Bridging.

We present a case of a 52-year-old male with no known past medical history who presented to an outside hospital with acute chest pain. Initial workup revealed anteroseptal ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) for which the patient was transferred to our facility for emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the patient's hospital course revealed numerous confounding pathologies that can also present as STEMI, including transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) abnormalities consistent with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) as well as myocardial bridging presenting as post-PCI STEMI in the setting of nitroglycerin use.

Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies display a signature alteration of their cognitive connectome.

Cognition plays a central role in the diagnosis and characterization of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the complex associations among cognitive deficits in different domains in DLB are largely unknown. To characterize these associations, we investigated and compared the cognitive connectome of DLB patients, healthy controls (HC), and Alzheimer's disease patients (AD).

The Exposome and Cardiovascular Health: Webcast December 12 2024.

This 61-minute webcast features a conversation about "The Exposome and Cardiovascular Health"-the focus of Issue 20.5. Led by the issue's editors, the discussion engages the authors on emerging themes and lessons learned while researching and writing the articles.

Estimating the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in U.S. Veterans Using the SMART Risk Score.

Background: Estimation of long-term risk for cardiovascular events using the SMART (Secondary Manifestations of Arterial Disease) risk score can be potentially valuable in devising risk mitigation strategies.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to apply the SMART risk score to compute the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the U.S.

Depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells sensitizes murine multiple myeloma to PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) rarely respond to ICB. Accumulating evidence indicates that the complicated tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impacts the efficacy of ICB therapy.

Fortilin binds CTNNA3 and protects it against phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation to guard cells against apoptosis.

Fortilin, a 172-amino acid polypeptide, is a multifunctional protein that interacts with various protein molecules to regulate their functions. Although fortilin has been shown to interact with cytoskeleton proteins such as tubulin and actin, its interactions with the components of adherens junctions remained unknown. Using co-immunoprecipitation western blot analyses, the proximity ligation assay, microscale thermophoresis, and biolayer interferometry, we here show that fortilin specifically interacts with CTNNA3 (α-T-catenin), but not with CTNNA1, CTNNA2, or CTNNB.

Cardiac MRI Evaluation of Determinants and Prognostic Implications of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Aortic Regurgitation.

Purpose To investigate the determinants and effect of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in aortic regurgitation (AR) using cardiac MRI. Materials and Methods This study included patients with moderate or severe AR who were enrolled in the DEBAKEY-CMR registry between January 2009 and June 2020. Patients with previous valve intervention, cardiomyopathy deemed unrelated to AR, severe aortic stenosis, and other confounders were excluded.

Apex1 safeguards genomic stability to ensure a cytopathic T cell fate in autoimmune disease models.

T cells have a remarkable capacity to clonally expand, a process that is intricately linked to their effector activities. As vigorously proliferating T cell also incur substantial DNA lesions, how the dividing T cells safeguard their genomic integrity to allow the generation of T effector cells remains largely unknown. Here we report the identification of the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (Apex1) as an indispensable molecule for the induction of cytopathic T effectors in mouse models.

NOS inhibition sensitizes metaplastic breast cancer to PI3K inhibition and taxane therapy via c-JUN repression.

Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a highly chemoresistant subtype of breast cancer with no standardized therapy options. A clinical study in anthracycline-refractory MpBC patients suggested that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) may augment anti-tumor efficacy of taxane. We report that NOS blockade potentiated response of human MpBC cell lines and tumors to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor alpelisib and taxane.

Precision medicine for patients with salivary gland neoplasms: Determining the feasibility of implementing a next-generation sequencing-based RNA assay in a hospital laboratory.

Objective: Diagnosing neoplasms of the salivary gland is challenging, as morphologic features of these tumors are complex, and well-defined diagnostic categories have overlapping features. Many salivary gland neoplasms are associated with recurrent genetic alterations. The utilization of RNA-based targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels for the detection of cancer-driving translocations and mutations is emerging in the clinical laboratory.

Pulmonary Embolism: Webcast June 13 2024.

This 61-minute webcast features a conversation about "Pulmonary Embolism"-the focus of Issue 20.3. Hosted by the issue's editors, the discussion engages the authors on emerging themes and lessons learned while researching and writing the articles.

Optimal Cerebral Protection Confirmed by Transcranial Doppler During Transcarotid Artery Revascularization.

Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) is a novel method to treat severe stenosis of the carotid artery with minimal embolization. During TCAR, flow reversal system redirects blood from the internal, external, and common carotid arteries into the femoral vein through a filter system to prevent debris and microparticles from entering the cerebral circulation. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring allows real-time detection of blood flow in the cerebral arteries during the operation and informs the surgeon of flow changes or possible emboli.

Women and the Heart: Webcast April 16 2024.

This 62-minute webcast features a conversation about "Women and the Heart: Gender-Related Differences in Cardiovascular Care"-the focus of Issue 20.2. Led by the issue's editor, the discussion engages the authors on emerging themes and lessons learned while researching and writing the articles.

A novel histologic index for polyomavirus nephropathy in comparison with the Banff scoring system: Clinical validation, prognostic implication, and correlation with plasma viral load.

BK Polyomavirus nephropathy (PVN) with definitive diagnosis on biopsy, presents incidentally or with varying degrees of graft dysfunction. Banff working group on PVN has proposed a novel scoring system in renal biopsies, to identify patients with higher risk of graft failure. In this study, we attempted to validate the Banff scoring system at index biopsies and correlate with a novel index score, plasma BK-virus load and graft outcome.

A History of the Discovery of Helicobacter Pylori, with Special Reference to Giulio Bizzozero.

Helicobacter pylori is a microorganism that is highly prevalent in mankind and closely linked to several gastroduodenal disorders. Though Helicobacter pylori was introduced to the scientific community in 1983 by Robin Warren and Barry Marshall, a closely related Helicobacter species had been described one hundred years earlier by the Italian pathologist Giulio Bizzozero in the canine stomach. In this review we analyze the different steps involved in the discovery of Helicobacter and provide a biography of the pioneer Giulio Bizzozero.

The Utility of Interferon-γ Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Patients With Cancer.

Background: Patients with cancer are at elevated risk for tuberculosis (TB) reactivation. Diagnosis of latent TB infection and TB disease remains challenging in this patient population despite the advent of interferon-γ release assays (IGRA).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients with cancer who had IGRA testing (QuantiFERON-TB [QFT-TB] or T-SPOT.