Subclinical Agoraphobia Symptoms and Regional Brain Volumes in Non-clinical Subjects: Between Compensation and Resilience?

Symptoms of anxiety are present not only in panic disorder or other anxiety disorders, but are highly prevalent in the general population. Despite increasing biological research on anxiety disorders, there is little research on understanding subclinical or sub-threshold symptoms relating to anxiety in non-clinical community samples, which could give clues to factors relating to resilience or compensatory changes. This study focused on brain structural correlates of subclinical anxiety/agoraphobia symptoms from a multi-center imaging study.

Structural and metabolic cerebral alterations between elderly bipolar disorder and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: A combined MRI-PET study.

Background: Elderly bipolar disorder (BD) and behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) may exhibit similar symptoms and both disorders are characterized by selective abnormalities in cortical and subcortical regions that are associated with cognitive and emotional impairments. We aimed to investigate common and distinct neural substrates of BD and bvFTD by coupling, for the first time, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) techniques.

Methods: 3-Tesla MRI and 18 fluorodeoxyglucose-PET scans were acquired for 16 elderly BD patients, 23 bvFTD patients with mild cognitive impairments and 68 healthy controls (48 for PET and 20 for MRI analyses).

Human Herpesvirus 6 and Malignancy: A Review.

In order to determine the role of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in human disease, several confounding factors, including methods of detection, types of controls, and the ubiquitous nature of the virus, must be considered. This is particularly problematic in the case of cancer, in which rates of detection vary greatly among studies. To determine what part, if any, HHV-6 plays in oncogenesis, a review of the literature was performed.

The metabolic basis of psychosis in bipolar disorder: A positron emission tomography study.

Objectives: Psychotic symptoms are a common feature in bipolar disorder (BD), especially during manic phases, and are associated with a more severe course of illness. However, not all bipolar subjects experience psychosis during the course of their illness, and this difference often guides assessment and pharmacological treatment. The aim of the present study is to elucidate, for the first time, the FDG uptake dysfunctions associated with psychosis in BD patients with and without a history of past psychotic symptoms, through a positron emission tomography (PET) approach.

Suppressing Li Metal Dendrites Through a Solid Li-Ion Backup Layer.

The growing demand for sustainable and off-grid energy storage is reviving the attempts to use Li metal as the anode in the next generation of batteries. However, the use of Li anodes is hampered due to the growth of Li dendrites upon charging and discharging, which compromises the life and safety of the battery. Here, it is shown that lithiated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Li-MWCNTs) act as a controlled Li diffusion interface that suppresses the growth of Li dendrites by regulating the Li ion flux during charge/discharge cycling at current densities between 2 and 4 mA cm .

Behavioral Deficits at 18-22 Months of Age Are Associated with Early Cerebellar Injury and Cognitive and Language Performance in Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To investigate associations in toddlers born extremely preterm (<28 weeks) between neonatal neuroimaging and 18- to 22-month developmental and behavioral outcomes.

Study Design: Cohort analysis from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Surfactant Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry Trial Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Study of infants born extremely preterm. Subjects underwent cranial ultrasonography and near-term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Tinea Capitis Masquerading as Basal Cell Carcinoma.

A 52-year-old white man with alcoholic cirrhosis presented to the Mohs surgery clinic with a 1-month history of tender "bumps" located diffusely on his scalp. Two biopsies performed at an outside institution were read as "basal cell carcinoma" and "actinic keratosis." The patient was scheduled for a large excision of the scalp for presumed multiple nodules of basal cell carcinoma and desired a second opinion from our Mohs surgery clinic.

Active HHV-6 Infection of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in Mood Disorders.

Early-life infections and associated neuroinflammation is incriminated in the pathogenesis of various mood disorders. Infection with human roseoloviruses, HHV-6A and HHV-6B, allows viral latency in the central nervous system and other tissues, which can later be activated causing cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate possible association of HHV-6A and HHV-6B activation with three different groups of psychiatric patients.

Estimated prevalence and associated risk factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among medical college students in a Chinese population.

Background: To investigate the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among medical college students in a Chinese population.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to collect demographic data on participants and their symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, and depression. Data were collected through questionnaires filled out on a computer or through WeChat, a widely used social media app.

Associations of serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphisms and monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphisms with oppositional defiant disorder in a Chinese Han population.

Background: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a behavioral disorder that mainly refers to a recurrent pattern of disobedient, defiant, negativistic and hostile behaviors toward authority figures. Previous studies have showed associations of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) with behavioral and psychiatric disorders. The purposes of this study were to investigate the potential association of 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and MAOA gene polymorphism with susceptibility to ODD in a Han Chinese school population.

Quantitative assessment of changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics along the courses of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar tracts secondary to supratentorial human brain glial tumors.

Background: The cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract (CPCT) is the largest projection pathway, which synapses at the pons. Remote effects of supratentorial brain tumors have not been evaluated along the infratentorial course of the CPCT.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible lateralization of the diffusion tensor metrics of the affected CPCT in patients with supratentorial brain tumor.

Small molecule disruption of G protein βγ subunit signaling reprograms human macrophage phenotype and prevents autoimmune myocarditis in rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether blocking of G protein βγ (Gβγ) signaling halts heart failure (HF) progression by macrophage phenotype manipulation. Cardiac Gβγ signaling plays a crucial role in HF pathogenesis. Previous data suggested that inhibiting Gβγ signaling reprograms T helper cell 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines, suggesting that Gβγ might be a useful drug target for treating HF.

Membrane insertion of α-xenorhabdolysin in near-atomic detail.

α-Xenorhabdolysins (Xax) are α-pore-forming toxins (α-PFT) that form 1-1.3 MDa large pore complexes to perforate the host cell membrane. PFTs are used by a variety of bacterial pathogens to attack host cells.

Altered Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1β in First-Episode Drug-Naive and Chronic Schizophrenia.

Abnormality of the immune system might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We want to identity whether the serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were changed in FEDN patients and CP and to investigate the relationship between both cytokines and psychopathological symptoms. We recruited 69 FEDN patients, 87 CP and 61 healthy controls.

Immunomodulatory properties of human recombinant lactoferrin in mice: Implications for therapeutic use in humans.

Background: Trauma and major surgery cause extensive immune hyporeactivity in patients. Thus, the preventive, preoperative application of immunoregulatory therapeutics may normalize this immune reactivity and decrease morbidity and mortality in these subjects.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory actions of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) in mice, and to relate these effects to in vitro actions of rhLF on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood cell cultures (LPS-stimulated WBCC) from patients admitted to intensive care units.

3.3-Å resolution cryo-EM structure of human ribonucleotide reductase with substrate and allosteric regulators bound.

Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) convert ribonucleotides into deoxyribonucleotides, a reaction essential for DNA replication and repair. Human RNR requires two subunits for activity, the α subunit contains the active site, and the β subunit houses the radical cofactor. Here, we present a 3.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 mediates elevated IL-6 signaling to promote chronic inflammation and multitissue damage in sickle cell disease.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a biolipid involved in chronic inflammation in several inflammatory disorders. Recent studies revealed that elevated S1P contributes to sickling in sickle cell disease (SCD), a devastating hemolytic, genetic disorder associated with severe chronic inflammation and tissue damage. We evaluated the effect of elevated S1P in chronic inflammation and tissue damage in SCD and underlying mechanisms.

Antecedents and Outcomes of Abnormal Cranial Imaging in Moderately Preterm Infants.

Objectives: To describe the frequency and findings of cranial imaging in moderately preterm infants (born at 29-33 weeks of gestation) across centers, and to examine the association between abnormal imaging and clinical characteristics.

Study Design: We used data from the Neonatal Research Network Moderately Preterm Registry, including the most severe early (≤28 days) and late (>28 days) cranial imaging. Stepwise logistic regression and CART analysis were performed after adjustment for gestational age, antenatal steroid use, and center.

Antiviral Resistance of Splenocytes in Aged Mice.

We compared the susceptibility to viral infection of splenocytes, isolated from young versus old CBA mice, and evaluated the antiviral actions of lactoferrin in splenocytes infected with Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Recombinant mouse lactoferrin (rmLF) and bovine lactoferrin (bLF) were used. There were no differences in the susceptibility to EMCV infection in the studied age categories.

Efficient prion disease transmission through common environmental materials.

Prion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases associated with a protein-based infectious agent, termed prion. Compelling evidence suggests that natural transmission of prion diseases is mediated by environmental contamination with infectious prions. We hypothesized that several natural and man-made materials, commonly found in the environments of wild and captive animals, can bind prions and may act as vectors for disease transmission.

Delivery Room Resuscitation and Short-Term Outcomes in Moderately Preterm Infants.

Objectives: To describe the frequency and extent of delivery room resuscitation and evaluate the association of delivery room resuscitation with neonatal outcomes in moderately preterm (MPT) infants.

Study Design: This was an observational cohort study of MPT infants delivered at 29 to 33 weeks' gestational age (GA) enrolled in the Neonatal Research Network MPT registry. Infants were categorized into 5 groups based on the highest level of delivery room intervention: routine care, oxygen and/or continuous positive airway pressure, bag and mask ventilation, endotracheal intubation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation including chest compressions and/or epinephrine use.

Admission Temperature and Associated Mortality and Morbidity among Moderately and Extremely Preterm Infants.

Objective: To evaluate the temperature distribution among moderately preterm (MPT, 29-33 weeks) and extremely preterm (EPT, <29 weeks) infants upon neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in 2012-2013, the change in admission temperature distribution for EPT infants between 2002-2003 and 2012-2013, and associations between admission temperature and mortality and morbidity for both MPT and EPT infants.

Study Design: Prospectively collected data from 18 centers in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network were used to examine NICU admission temperature of inborn MPT and EPT infants. Associations between admission temperature and mortality and morbidity were determined by multivariable logistic regression.

Imaging of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is fatal if unresectable. However, improved survival has been reported after gross total resection and multimodality therapy. In this report, we describe the contrast-enhanced high-resolution CT characteristics of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in 57 patients.