Toward a biological definition of neuronal and glial synucleinopathies.

Cerebral accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates is the hallmark event in a group of neurodegenerative diseases-collectively called synucleinopathies-which include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Currently, these are diagnosed by their clinical symptoms and definitively confirmed postmortem by the presence of αSyn deposits in the brain. Here, we summarize the drawbacks of the current clinical definition of synucleinopathies and outline the rationale for moving toward an earlier, biology-anchored definition of these disorders, with or without the presence of clinical symptoms.

Comparison of postoperative oxygenation in children receiving sugammadex versus neostigmine for reversal of neuromuscular blockade: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Residual neuromuscular blockade can impair postoperative respiratory mechanics, promoting hypoxemia and pulmonary complications. Sugammadex, with its unique mechanism of action, may offer a more effective reversal of neuromuscular blockade and respiratory function than neostigmine. We sought to test the primary hypothesis that children undergoing noncardiac surgery exhibit better initial recovery oxygenation when administered sugammadex than those administered neostigmine.

Balloon-mounted versus self-expandable stent in failed neurothrombectomy: a post hoc analysis of the SAINT study.

Background: Previous studies have shown that when thrombectomy has failed, rescue intracranial stenting is associated with better clinical outcomes compared with failed reperfusion. However, comparative data regarding stent type are lacking.

Objective: To compare the procedural and clinical outcomes of balloon-mounted stents (BMS) with those of self-expandable stents (SES).

Protein biomarkers of interstitial lung abnormalities in relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis.

Rationale: First-degree relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis (relatives) are at high risk for interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA), highlighting the need for biomarkers for risk prediction. We aimed to identify blood proteins associated with and predictive of ILA among relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods: Relatives enrolled in two independent cohorts had protein levels measured using an aptamer-based proteomic platform.

Electrochemical Removal of Se(IV) from Wastewater Using RuO-Based Catalysts.

The removal of selenite (SeO) from water is challenging due to the risk of secondary pollutants. To address this, we developed RuO-based nanocatalysts on the titanium plate (RuO/TP) for direct electrochemical reduction of Se(IV) to elemental selenium [Se(0)]. Optimizing Sn doping in RuO nanoparticles to induce charge redistribution enabled the RuSnO/TP catalyst to achieve ∼90% Se(IV) removal across concentrations of 0.

Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Intermediate-Risk Emergency Department Patients with Abnormal High-Sensitivity Troponin.

Background: Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain often have abnormal high-sensitivity troponin (hsTn). However, only about 5% have an acute coronary syndrome. We aimed to assess the safety, feasibility and utility of a clinical disposition protocol including outpatient observation with stress cardiac-magnetic-resonance (CMR) in intermediate-risk patients with abnormal hsTn of unclear etiology.

Conservative management of placenta accreta spectrum is associated with improved surgical outcomes compared to cesarean hysterectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare maternal and surgical outcomes between patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) who underwent conservative management and those who underwent cesarean hysterectomy (CH).

Data Sources: We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from inception up to June 2, 2024.

Study Eligibility Criteria: Studies comparing clinical outcomes among patients with PAS undergoing conservative management versus CH were included.

Outcomes of Patients Treated with Double-Wide Scallop vs Fenestrations for Celiac Artery Incorporation During Repair of Complex Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.

Objectives: Celiac artery (CA) incorporation during FB-EVAR for complex abdominal aortic aneurysms (cAAA) is typically performed with fenestrations. Double-wide scallops (DWS) can be used when appropriate. We aimed to assess outcomes of patients treated with DWS for the CA during FB-EVAR for cAAA.

Associations of Child Amygdala Development with Borderline Personality Symptoms in Adolescence.

Background: The understanding of the neural correlates of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is limited, but suggests alterations in limbic structures play a role in adult BPD. The developmental course of structural neural differences in BPD is unknown. Whether there is specificity for structural alterations in BPD compared with other psychiatric presentations, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), remains unexplored.

Associations between Advanced Paternal Age and Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b).

Objective:  The association between paternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) has not been well studied. We sought to determine whether advanced paternal age (APA) is associated with adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.

Study Design:  Secondary analysis of 8,863 pregnancies from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) prospective cohort in which both maternal and paternal age at conception were known.

Comparative efficacy and safety of stent retrievers as a bailout strategy following failed contact aspiration technique in acute stroke thrombectomy.

Background: The contact aspiration (CA) technique is often used to perform endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, rescue strategies are necessary if CA fails to achieve recanalization. This study investigates the outcomes of incorporating stent retriever (SR) thrombectomy in the rescue strategy following failed CA.

Methods: EVT patients with failed CA attempts were identified from a large multicenter registry and stratified by rescue technique: CA alone or incorporating SR in the rescue strategy.

Transition of Care Challenges and Opportunities for Chronic Wounds.

The transition of care (TOC) from acute to community-based settings presents significant challenges, especially for patients with chronic wounds. Effective communication and standardized discharge planning are critical to prevent readmissions and adverse events. This article explores the complexities of TOC, the role of skilled nursing and community-based long term care facilities, and the importance of interdisciplinary team approaches in wound care.

Microscopic Origin of the Spatial and Temporal Precision in Biological Systems.

All living systems display remarkable spatial and temporal precision, despite operating in intrinsically fluctuating environments. It is even more surprising given that biological phenomena are regulated by multiple chemical reactions that are also random. While the underlying molecular mechanisms of surprisingly high precision in biology remain not well understood, a novel theoretical picture that relies on the coupling of relevant stochastic processes has been recently proposed and applied to explain different phenomena.

International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024 Diabetes Technologies: Glucose Monitoring.

The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This chapter builds on the 2022 ISPAD guidelines, and summarizes recent advances in the technology behind glucose monitoring, and its role in glucose-responsive integrated technology that is feasible with the use of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in children and adolescents.

Impact of Vein-to-vein Time in Patients With R/R LBCL Treated With Axicabtagene Ciloleucel.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell products axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), and lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) are approved for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL). Emerging evidence indicates that delayed CAR T-cell infusion, including prolonged time from leukapheresis to infusion, known as vein-to-vein time (V2Vt), may adversely impact clinical outcomes. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis to identify differences in V2Vt in patients with R/R LBCL treated with axi-cel, tisa-cel, or liso-cel.

Characterization of Factors Associated With Death in Deceased Patients With Mitochondrial Disorders: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background And Objectives: Mitochondrial disorders are multiorgan disorders resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to characterize death-associated factors in an international cohort of deceased individuals with mitochondrial disorders.

Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter observational study used data provided by 26 mitochondrial disease centers from 8 countries from January 2022 to March 2023.

Evolution and Recent Radiation Therapy Advancement in Uganda: A Precedent on How to Increase Access to Quality Radiotherapy Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

The evolution of radiation therapy in Uganda has been a journey marked by significant milestones and persistent challenges. Since the inception of radiotherapy services in 1988-1989, there has been a concerted effort to enhance cancer treatment services. The early years were characterized by foundational developments, such as the installation of the first teletherapy units, low-dose-rate brachytherapy units, and conventional simulators, and the recognition of radiation oncologists and medical physicist professionals laid the groundwork for radiotherapy treatment modalities.

Current Evidence on the Care of Young Infants With Hypothermia in the Emergency Department.

The presence of hypothermia among young infants in the emergency department may be a sign of serious or invasive bacterial infections, or invasive herpes simplex viral infection. However, hypothermia may also occur due to a variety of other infectious and noninfectious conditions or environmental exposure. In some settings, hypothermia may represent a protective, energy-conserving response to illness.

Bone Marrow Niche in Cardiometabolic Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, driven in part by chronic inflammation. Emerging research suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment, or marrow niche, plays a critical role in both immune system regulation and disease progression. The bone marrow niche is essential for maintaining hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and orchestrating hematopoiesis.

Invoking Asilomar.

The historic meeting's legacy resists simple lessons.

Comparison of Unaided and Aided Visual Acuity in Adults With Down Syndrome.

Purpose: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have reduced visual acuity (VA), even when wearing refractive correction. The relationship between refractive error and VA in adults with DS is explored.

Methods: Thirty adults with DS (age = 29 ± 10 years) were enrolled in a trial comparing clinical and objectively determined refractions.