Cabergoline as a Novel Strategy for Post-Pregnancy Breast Cancer Prevention in Mice and Human.

Post-pregnancy breast cancer often carries a poor prognosis, posing a major clinical challenge. The increasing trend of later-life pregnancies exacerbates this risk, highlighting the need for effective chemoprevention strategies. Current options, limited to selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, or surgical procedures, offer limited efficacy and considerable side effects.

13th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the new developments presented at the 2020 ECTRIMS Congress (II).

Introduction: For more than a decade, after the ECTRIMS Congress, Spain has hosted the Post-ECTRIMS meeting, where neurologists with expertise in multiple sclerosis (MS) meet to review the new developments presented at the ECTRIMS.

Aim: This article, published in two parts, summarises the presentations of the post-ECTRIMS meeting, held online on 16 and 17 October 2020.

Development: This second part highlights the importance of gender and age in understanding the pathology of the disease and optimising its management.

13th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the new developments presented at the 2020 ECTRIMS Congress (I).

Introduction: For more than a decade, following the ECTRIMS Congress, the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting has been held in Spain, where neurologists with expertise in multiple sclerosis (MS) from all over the country meet to review the most relevant latest developments presented at the ECTRIMS congress (on this occasion held together with ACTRIMS).

Aim: This article, published in two parts, summarises the presentations that took place at the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, held online on 16 and 17 October 2020.

Development: This first part includes the latest results regarding the impact of the environment and lifestyle on risk of MS and its clinical course, and the role of epigenetics and genetic factors on these processes.

A Phase I/II Clinical Trial to evaluate the efficacy of baricitinib to prevent respiratory insufficiency progression in onco-hematological patients affected with COVID19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Baricitinib is supposed to have a double effect on SARS-CoV2 infection. Firstly, it reduces the inflammatory response through the inhibition of the Januse-Kinase signalling transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Moreover, it reduces the receptor mediated viral endocytosis by AP2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) inhibition.

In-hospital outcomes of mechanical complications in acute myocardial infarction: Analysis from a nationwide Spanish database.

Background: Mechanical complications represent an important cause of mortality in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. This is a nationwide study performed to evaluate possible changes in epidemiology or prognosis of these complications with current available strategies.

Methods: Information was obtained from the minimum basis data set of the Spanish National Health System, including all hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from 2010 to 2015.

12th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the novelties from the 2019 ECTRIMS Congress (II).

Introduction: Like every year, after the ECTRIMS Congress, renowned Spanish neurologists who are experts in multiple sclerosis presented the main novelties in research in this field at the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting.

Aim: To summarise the content presented at the 12th edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, which took place in September 2019 in Sevilla and is presented in two parts.

Development: In this second part, the most recent evidence on the use of disease-modifying treatments during pregnancy is presented.

[12th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: review of the novelties from the 2019 ECTRIMS Congress (I)].

Introduction: Like every year, after the ECTRIMS Congress, renowned Spanish neurologists who are experts in multiple sclerosis presented the main novelties in research in this field at the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting.

Aim: To summarise the content presented at the 12th edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Meeting, which took place in September 2019 in Sevilla and is presented in two parts.

Development: This first part addresses the latest studies on vitamin D deficiency and the discrepancies that currently exist regarding its treatment.

[Historical perspective of the studies with the greatest impact on the treatment of gliomas].

Historically, advances in our knowledge of neuro-oncology and improvements in the survival of patients with brain tumours have been relatively scarce. One of the main turning points can be established from 2005 onwards, when the potential therapeutic role of cytostatics in these tumours was confirmed, thus changing the standard of treatment. Up until that date, only radiation therapy and surgery were considered truly effective treatments.

[Depressive symptoms and burden in family caregivers in Alzheimer's disease: a model of structural equations].

Introduction: The care of patients with Alzheimer's disease increases the burden and depression of the main caregiver, although the relationship between the two is not clearly defined.

Aims: To explore the factors associated with depressive symptomatology and burden in the main caregiver and to apply a model of structural equations to identify the relationship between them.

Subjects And Methods: The sample consisted of 127 family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease, with a follow-up of 24 months.

Review of the novelties presented at the 2018 ECTRIMS Congress: 11th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting (II).

The Post-ECTRIMS Meeting was held for the eleventh consecutive year in October 2018 in Madrid, with the aim of analysing the advances made in multiple sclerosis that were highlighted at the latest ECTRIMS annual congress. Based on the issues discussed at this meeting, attended by the nation's foremost opinion leaders on multiple sclerosis, two review articles are presented. This second part includes the growing body of evidence confirming the safety of exposure to disease-modifying treatments in women planning a pregnancy, and the beneficial effect of breastfeeding, provided that the disease is not very active.

[Review of the novelties presented at the 2018 ECTRIMS Congress: 11th Post-ECTRIMS Meeting (I)].

The Post-ECTRIMS Meeting is an emblematic event in Spain which seeks to review and disseminate the main advances in multiple sclerosis presented at the ECTRIMS annual congress. In October 2018, the eleventh Post-ECTRIMS meeting was held in Madrid and was attended by the country's leading experts in multiple sclerosis. As a result of this meeting, we present two articles which outline the most interesting novelties discussed there.

[Radiation-induced cognitive toxicity in adults].

Cognitive toxicity induced by cranial radiation is one of the most important limitations of radiation therapy and has a significant impact on brain tumor survivors' quality of life. This review comprehends an up to date of recent studies including complete neuropsychological battery and/or advanced neuroimaging techniques. These studies identified critical anatomical and/or functional brain areas related to radiation-induced brain injury, thus improving clinical and radiological diagnosis.

[The role of diffusion tensor imaging in the pre-surgical study of temporal lobe epilepsy].

Introduction: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to assess the integrity of the white matter in the brain.

Aims: To investigate the usefulness of DTI in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and to observe its relationship with lateralisation of the epileptogenic focus in these patients.

Patients And Methods: We analysed 11 patients diagnosed with TLE in accordance with the pre-surgical protocol of our epilepsy unit, and who were seizure-free two years after performing a temporal lobectomy plus amygdalohippocampectomy (Spencer technique).

Once-daily LCP-Tacro MeltDose tacrolimus for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in kidney and liver transplantations.

Tacrolimus is a cornerstone of the immunosuppression regimen for prevention of allograft rejection in kidney and liver transplantations, with efficacy proven in many clinical trials. The currently available and extensively used tacrolimus formulations are flawed by large inter- and intra-individual variability, low bioavailability, wide peak-to-trough fluctuations and a narrow therapeutic index. Drug delivery technology can significantly impact the pharmacologic action of a drug, influencing its pharmacokinetic and subsequent therapeutic profile.

Human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in penile carcinoma.

Background: Penile carcinoma is an uncommon and potentially mutilating disease with a heterogeneous aetiology. Several risk factors have been established for its development. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection seems to play an important role in the development of a subset of these carcinomas and its presence is thought to be related to the histological type.

Immunoglobulin E levels and risk of lymphoma in a case-control study in Spain.

Epidemiologic studies have shown an inverse association between atopy and malignant lymphoma, but results are inconsistent. We investigated levels of IgE, before and after commencement of treatment, and evaluated lymphoma risk in relation to total and specific IgE levels. Serum levels of IgM, IgA, and IgG were also measured.

Dying in hospital of terminal heart failure or severe dementia: the circumstances associated with death and the opinions of caregivers.

Background: Improving the care provided to elderly patients affected by end-stage chronic diseases dying in acute hospitals is a health priority. We evaluated the circumstances related to death in end-stage non-cancer patients dying in two acute care hospitals, and their caregiver's opinions about the death.

Methods: Some 102 patients, over 64 years of age, with end-stage dementia (37%) or congestive heart failure (64%), were included in the study.

[Wallenberg's syndrome as the presenting symptom of a cavernous angioma].

Introduction: Cavernous angiomas account for 5-13% of all vascular malformations. In 75% of cases they are situated in the posterior fossa and up to 30% are associated with abnormal venous drainage. The main complication is haemorrhage; the presence of a neurological focus without radiological evidence of bleeding is very rare.

Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in young breast cancer patients: a population-based study.

Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes among unselected incident cases of breast cancer in young women. We identified 158 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed before age 46 years in predefined geographic areas in Girona and Tarragona, Spain, during 1995-1997. Of these, 136 (86%) provided information on family history of cancer and were screened for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

[Sphincter function disorders. physiopathology and neurophysiological study].

Miction and defecation disturbances are very frequent in the general population and far more so among neurological patients. It is essential to know the physiopathology of these disorders in clinical practice. The neurological control of these functions is carried out by automatisms that are regulated in the nuclei of the brain stem through somatic and vegetative peripheral structures that act simultaneously.

Cervical and anal HPV infections in HIV positive women and men.

The goal of this review is to summarize recently published epidemiological information that contribute to understanding the natural history of cervical and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and their associated lesions among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected women and men. HIV-positive women and men are more likely to be infected with oncogenic HPV types and to have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), lesions that may lead to invasive cervical and anal cancer, respectively. Although the magnitude of the increased risk of cervical or anal cancer in HIV-positive individuals is not clear, it is clear that the risk will remain elevated even in the HAART era.

Effect of different prophylaxis methods on sealant adhesion.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the retention of a light-cured sealant using previously different prophylaxis methods and two different etching times, thirty and fifteen seconds. Eighty, third molars surgically extracted were sectioned into two halves (buccal and lingual). The teeth were divided into 8 groups of 20 samples each, according to prophylaxis type: pumice powder, fluoridated paste, sodium bicarbonate spray, and control (no prophylaxis); and etching time: 30 and 15 seconds.