Participant experiences in HIV cure-directed trial with an extended analytical treatment interruption in Philadelphia, United States.

Background: A feature of HIV cure trials is the need to interrupt treatment to test the efficacy of experimental interventions-a process known as analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs).

Objectives: We report the experiences of participants after they completed an extended ATI.

Methods: From April to November 2022, we conducted post-ATI in-depth interviews with BEAT2 clinical trial (NCT03588715) participants who stopped ART while receiving an immunotherapy regimen.

Trefoil Factor Family: A Troika for Lung Repair and Regeneration.

Tissue damage in the upper and lower airways caused by mechanical abrasion, noxious chemicals, or pathogenic organisms must be followed by rapid restorative processes; otherwise, persistent immunopathology and disease may ensue. This review will discuss evidence for the important role served by trefoil factor (TFF) family members in healthy and diseased airways of humans and rodents. Collectively, these peptides serve to both maintain and restore homeostasis through their regulation of the mucous layer and their control of cell motility, cell differentiation, and immune function in the upper and lower airways.

Developing an interactive and illustrative laboratory management curriculum for cytopathology trainees.

Laboratory management is a critically important but often overlooked portion of cytopathology training. Indeed, recent surveys of new-in-practice pathologists have consistently shown this to be an area of deficiency. Fortunately, there are a multitude of resources available to fill this need.

Conventional Lymphangiography (CL) in the Management of Postoperative Lymphatic Leakage (PLL): A Systematic Review.

Background:  Postoperative lymphatic leakage (PLL) is usually managed by conservative and/or surgical treatments but these procedures can be challenging to perform and potentially clinically ineffective. Therefore, conventional lymphangiography (CL) has emerged as an important alternative. The aim of this review is to present the available outcome data on CL in the management of PLL.

Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Quantify Early-Stage Lung Disease in Smokers.

Rationale And Objectives: Hyperpolarized xenon-129 magnetic resonance (MR) provides sensitive tools that may detect early stages of lung disease in smokers before it has progressed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) apparent to conventional spirometric measures. We hypothesized that the functional alveolar wall thickness as assessed by hyperpolarized xenon-129 MR spectroscopy would be elevated in clinically healthy smokers before xenon MR diffusion measurements would indicate emphysematous tissue destruction.

Materials And Methods: Using hyperpolarized xenon-129 MR we measured the functional septal wall thickness and apparent diffusion coefficient of the gas phase in 16 subjects with smoking-related COPD, 9 clinically healthy current or former smokers, and 10 healthy never smokers.

Pediatric Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome: Diagnosis, Classification, and Underlying Pathophysiology.

Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) is defined by the presence of elevated intracranial pressure in the setting of normal brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid. PTCS can occur in the pediatric and adult populations and, if untreated, may lead to permanent visual loss. In this review, discussion will focus on PTCS in the pediatric population and will outline its distinct epidemiology and key elements of diagnosis, evaluation and management.

Diagnostic yield of FDG-PET/CT in fever of unknown origin: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and Delphi exercise.

Aim: To perform a systematic review, meta-analysis and Delphi exercise to evaluate diagnostic yield of combined 2-[F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in fever of unknown origin (FUO).

Materials And Methods: Four databases were searched for studies of FDG-PET/CT in FUO 1/1/2000-1/12/2015. Exclusions were non-English language, case reports, non-standard FDG radiotracer, and significant missing data.

Hypodense middle cerebral artery with fat embolus.

A 44-year-old man developed a right middle cerebral artery territory stroke due to a large fat embolism after an aortic valve repair. We briefly review the phenomenon of fat embolism and discuss the salient radiographic (CT) finding in this case--a "hypodense artery sign."

Seizure prediction and the preseizure period.

Beginning in the 1970s engineers designed systems to predict epileptic seizures based upon quantitative changes in the electroencephalogram, which they hypothesized began well in advance of clinical seizure onset. These efforts flourished in the 1990s, as independent laboratories demonstrated evidence of a 'preseizure period' up to 20 min prior to clinical symptoms in patients implanted with intracranial electrodes during evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Years later, clinical and laboratory experiments leave little doubt that a preseizure period exists in temporal lobe and perhaps other forms of epilepsy.